drilling-holes
多层板twopin钻孔方法与流程
多层板twopin钻孔方法与流程Drilling holes in a multi-layered printed circuit board (PCB) is a critical process in PCB manufacturing. It requires careful planning, precise execution, and the use of the right equipment and methods.在多层印刷电路板（PCB）中钻孔是PCB制造过程中的一个关键步骤。
它需要仔细的规划，精准的执行，以及使用正确的设备和方法。
One common method for drilling holes in a multi-layer PCB is the "twopin" method, which involves drilling through the board using two pins to accurately align the holes between different layers. This method ensures that the holes are precisely positioned, allowing for the insertion of components and the creation of electrical connections between the layers.在多层PCB中钻孔的一种常见方法是“twopin”方法，它涉及使用两根针在不同层之间精准对准孔位进行钻孔。
这种方法确保了孔位的精确定位，使得可以插入元件并在不同层之间创建电气连接。
The process of drilling holes in a multi-layer PCB using the twopin method begins with the preparation of the PCB stack. Each layer of the PCB stack is carefully aligned and stacked together, ensuring that the holes line up correctly across all layers.使用twopin方法在多层PCB中钻孔的过程从准备PCB堆叠开始。
树脂塞孔板子的工艺流程 英文
树脂塞孔板子的工艺流程英文Process Flow for Resin Plugging Board ManufacturingThe production of resin plugging boards involves a meticulous series of steps designed to ensure precision, durability, and electrical performance. This document outlines the key processes involved in the manufacturing of such boards, focusing on the English terminology for each stage:1. Drilling HolesThe initial step in the process is the drilling of holes into the base material, typically a copper-clad laminate or a similar substrate. This is achieved using precision drilling machines that ensure accurate hole placement and diameter according to the design specifications. The holes serve as vias or through-holes for electrical connections and may vary in size and depth depending on the application requirements.2. Hole Wall TreatmentFollowing drilling, the hole walls undergo a treatment process to prepare them for resin filling. This treatment, often referred to as desmearing or conditioning, removes debris, smoothes the roughened surfaces caused by drilling, and enhances adhesion between the resin and the substrate material. Methods may include chemical etching, plasma treatment, or laser ablation.3. Resin FillingThe next critical step is the filling of the holes with resin. The selected resin is carefully dispensed into the holes, ensuring complete and even coverage. The resin chosen is typically highly insulating and designed to withstand the thermal and mechanical stresses encountered during subsequent processing and end-use. This step is crucial for maintaining electrical isolation between layers and ensuring reliable signal transmission.4. Curing ProcessOnce the holes are filled with resin, the board undergoes a curing process. This involves exposing the resin to heat or UV light,depending on the resin type, to initiate polymerization and harden the material. The curing process strengthens the resin, ensuring it adheres securely to the hole walls and forms a durable, electrically insulating barrier.5. Surface GrindingAfter curing, the surface of the board may be ground to achieve a uniform thickness and remove any excess resin that may have overflowed from the holes. This step is essential for ensuring dimensional accuracy and preparing the board for subsequent processing, such as copper plating or final assembly.6. Copper Plating (Optional)Depending on the design requirements, the board may undergo a copper plating process. This involves depositing a thin layer of copper onto the surface of the board, including the walls of the resin-filled holes. Copper plating enhances electrical conductivity, provides a base for subsequent etching steps, and can improve the overall mechanical strength of the board.7. Quality InspectionThroughout the manufacturing process, and especially after each major step, rigorous quality inspections are conducted. These inspections include visual checks, dimensional measurements, electrical testing, and possibly non-destructive testing methods to ensure that the boards meet all specified quality standards and performance criteria.8. Final AssemblyThe final step in the process involves assembling the resin plugging board into its final form, which may include attaching components, soldering connections, or integrating it into a larger assembly. This stage ensures that the board is ready for use in its intended application, whether it's in a consumer electronic device, industrial equipment, or any other type of electronic system.By following this comprehensive process flow, manufacturers can produce resin plugging boards that meet the highest standards of quality, reliability, and performance.。
孔加工技术
四、铣镗加工中心
铣镗加工中心是一种计算机控制的、具有刀库的、 能自动 换刀的铣镗床。
主要部件： 刀库 主轴箱 机械手 工作台 数控装置
第六 节 镗刀和镗床加工工艺特点
一、镗刀 镗床常用的镗刀有单刃镗刀和双刃镗刀两 种。
1、单刃镗刀安装在镗刀杆上，加工的孔径大小由调整刀头 的伸出长度来保证，多用于单件小批量生产中。
➢横刃斜角Ψ 主切削刃与横刃在钻头端面上投影的夹角。 ➢螺旋角β 最外缘螺旋线切线与轴线的夹角
3.钻头受力分析：
在各切削刃上：
轴向力Ff 径向力Fp 切向力Fc 总的扭矩：
M＝M0＋M01＋M横 轴向力：
F＝F0＋F01＋F横 轴向力主要由横刃产生，
扭矩主要由主刃产生。
4.麻花钻的缺点shortcoming of twist drills
由于内排屑深
孔钻可以避免
切屑划伤孔壁
故加工质量较
高，精度达
IT9-7，Ra值
达3.2μm。
扁钻轴向尺寸小、刚性好，结构简单、制造容易，便 于采用先进刀具材料，换刀方便，适用于数控机床，尤 其在加工大直径孔（D>38mm）时，更是比麻花钻经济。
套料钻：中孔结构，切削刃分布在四周，加工孔时它只 切出一个环形的孔，而中间留下的料芯可二次使用。 适于加工直径大于60mm的深孔及贵重材料。
(3)铰孔的应用：铰孔用于软材料零件孔的精加工，不 能加工硬材料； 铰孔孔径φ1~φ80
铰孔的精度和表面粗糙度主要取决于铰刀的精度、安装方式、切
削用量、切削液等条件。为避免产生积屑瘤，铰孔时应采用较低
的切削速度、较大的进给量并施加适当的切削液。
铰刀分为机用铰刀和手用铰刀。手用铰刀的铰削直径为： ø1～ø50mm机用铰刀为： ø10～ø80mm
钻井英语听力词汇
thread galling 丝扣磨损，粘扣 wedge 楔
gouge 划痕 pneumatic 气的，气体的
pipe basket 钻杆装运车架 footing 立脚点
yard 工场 distorted 扭歪的，曲解的
lifting sub 提升短节 play 间隙
CALM 悬链式锚腿系泊 sediment 沉淀物
submerge 淹没，潜水 entrained water 夹带的水
mooring 停泊，系泊 emulsified water 乳状水，乳化水
hull 船体 emulsion treator 乳化液处理器
compensate 补偿 脱乳器
rotary 转盘 cutaway 剖面图
block 滑车 bearing retainer 轴承护圈
swivel 水龙头 mud shield 泥浆护罩，泥浆挡板
precedent 先例 ruin 毁坏
pressure-tight seal 耐压密闭的 purge 清除，净化
passageway 通道 hold-down bearing 固定轴承
limber 柔软的 coordination 协调
stiff 坚硬的 indention 缩进，凹痕
ledge 暗礁 shoulder-dressing tool 钻杆接头端面整形工具
spider 卡盘 wobble 摇摆
stencil 型板，模板，刻 crook 弯曲的
radius 界限,范围 susceptible 容易受到影响
sleeve 套，衬，套筒 guard 挡板，护罩
圆钢掏孔工艺流程
圆钢掏孔工艺流程The process of drilling holes in round steel, also known as "Centering Process", is a crucial step in many manufacturing industries. 圆钢掏孔是许多制造行业中一个至关重要的工艺步骤，也称为“标准工艺”。
This process involves using a drill to create holes in a cylindrical piece of steel, allowing for various other processes such as threading, welding, or assembly. 这个过程涉及使用钻头在圆柱形钢坯中创造孔洞，以便进行螺纹加工、焊接或装配等各种其他工艺。
The process begins with securing the round steel piece in place, typically using a drill press or similar machinery. 该过程始于将圆钢坯固定在位，通常使用钻床或类似的机械设备。
Next, a suitable drill bit is selected based on the diameter of the hole needed and the material of the round steel. 接下来，根据所需孔径和圆钢材质选择适当的钻头。
The drilling process itself requires precision and care to ensure that the holes are accurately placed and of the correct dimensions. 钻孔过程本身需要精度和谨慎，以确保孔洞被准确放置并具有正确的尺寸。
灌浆工程施工方案及措施
灌浆工程施工方案及措施一、工程概述灌浆是一种通过注入特定材料来填充空隙和加固土体或石体的工程技术。
在建筑和土木工程中，灌浆工程常常用于加固基础、填充裂缝或孔洞、加固岩石和土壤等。
本次施工需要进行灌浆加固的对象为某大型工业厂房的基础，该基础存在一定的裂缝和空隙，需要进行加固处理以保证其稳定性和承载能力。
二、施工方案1. 灌浆材料选择灌浆材料的选择对于施工效果至关重要，一般选用的灌浆材料有水泥浆、环氧树脂浆、聚氨酯浆等。
根据现场情况和设计要求，本次施工将采用水泥浆作为主要灌浆材料，其配合物料为水泥、砂子、掺合料和添加剂等。
2. 施工工艺灌浆工程的施工工艺一般包括孔洞钻探、准备材料、灌浆充填等步骤。
具体步骤如下：(1) 孔洞钻探：根据设计要求，对基础进行钻孔，孔径和孔深根据设计要求确定。
(2) 准备材料：将水泥、砂子、掺合料和添加剂等按比例进行搅拌，制成水泥浆。
(3) 灌浆充填：将制好的水泥浆通过泵送设备注入到预先钻好的孔洞中，直至充填完全。
3. 施工技术要求(1) 孔洞钻探时，应根据设计要求控制孔径和孔深，保证孔洞的准确度和充填性。
(2) 在灌浆充填过程中，应控制注浆压力和速度，确保灌浆材料充分填充孔洞并密实。
(3) 施工现场应做好材料的配比、搅拌、运输等，保证施工质量。
三、施工措施1. 安全措施(1) 施工过程中应加强安全教育，确保操作人员时刻具备安全意识。
(2) 施工现场应设置警示标识，保证通道畅通，防止人员和车辆相互干扰。
(3) 灌浆材料的搅拌和运输过程中，应注意防止混凝土泵管堵塞和浆液泄漏。
2. 施工质量控制(1) 施工前应对孔洞区域进行勘察和测量，确保孔洞位置和尺寸符合设计要求。
(2) 灌浆材料的配合比应严格按照设计要求进行，确保浆液的性能和稳定性。
(3) 灌浆充填过程中，应对注浆压力和流量进行实时监测，确保充填完全。
3. 施工环境保护(1) 施工现场应采取防尘、降噪等措施，减少对周边环境的影响。
钻井关键字中英对照列表
钻井关键字中英对照列表钻井关键字表sorting out vocabulary天车crownblock1.天车crownblock{} crown pulley2.天车台crown`s nest{} crown platform3.天车滑轮crown sheaves{} crown pulley4.天车滑轮组cluster sheaves5.天车梁crownblock beam6.防碰天车crownblock protector{} crownblock saver7.天车安全台crown safety platform游动滑车——大钩traveling block---hook1.游动滑车traveling block{} traveling sheave2.大钩hook hook3.大钩载荷hook load4.大钩额定载荷hook load rating5.大钩提升速度hook speed6.大钩悬重hook weight7.小钩子hooklet8.钩上、吊上hook up\hook on9.大钩悬挂高度hook height10.卸钩hook off转盘与水龙头table and swivel1.转盘rotary table{}turntable{}rotary2.转速rotary speed{} rotational velocity{} revolution rate3.转盘台rotating turret4.转盘扭矩表rotary torque indicator5.转速比ratio of revolution6.转速表revolution counter{} tachometer7.转动方向rotation direction8.转矩常数torque constant9.转盘大方瓦master bushing10.转盘排挡rotary speeds11.转盘卡瓦rotary slips12.转盘大梁rotary support frame13.转盘变速器rotary transmission14.转盘链条护罩rotary drive guard15.转盘转速指示器rotary speed indicator16.转盘底座rotary base17.转盘传动链条rotary chain18.方补心rotary drive bushing19.转矩rotary moment20.转动rotary motion21.水龙头swivel22.水龙头吊环swivel bail23.水龙头外壳swivel body24.水龙头吊环防碰器swivel bumper25.鹅颈管swivel gooseneck26.冲管washpipe27.水龙头接头swivel joint(sub)28.水龙头中心管swivel stem29.冲管旋转接头wash pipe swivel钻机1.钻机drilling rig(drawworks){} drilling machine2.司钻操作台driller’s console{} driller control cabinet3.刹把brake lever{} brake crank{} brake handle{} brake bar4.刹带brake strap5.刹车凡尔brake valve6.刹车鼓brake rim{} brake drum7.刹车片brake block8.刹车液brake fluid9.刹车轴brake axle10.刹车功率11.刹车汽缸12.刹车踏板13.刹车总成11.………五.传动箱（变速箱）1.传动箱gear box {}gear case2.换档gear change3.换低档gear down4.齿轮传动gear drive5.齿轮润滑油gear grease6.齿轮增速器gear increaser7.齿轮输入轴gear input shaft8.齿轮传动马达gear motor9.换档gear shifting10.增速gear up六.柴油机1.柴油机diesel engine2.柴油diesel engine fuel{}diesel oil七.泥浆泵1.泥浆泵mud(slush) pump2.泥浆泵液力端mud end of the pump3.泥浆泵（口语）mud hog4.泥浆软管mud hose5.泵房mud house (mud room)6.泥浆管线mud line钻井液1.泥浆mud , drilling fluid2.泥浆挡板mud baffle3.泥浆比重秤mud balance4.泥浆储存箱mud bin5.泥浆结构mud body6.泥饼桥mud bridges7.泥饼mud cake8.泥饼校正mud cake correction9.泥饼效应mud cake effect10.泥饼电阻率mud cake resistivity11.泥浆处理剂mud conditioner12.泥浆电导率mud conductivity13.泥浆性能控制mud control14.泥浆密度mud density15.泥浆（口语）mud laden fluid16.泥浆录井图mud log17.泥浆录井mud logging18.泥浆漏失mud loss19.造浆岩层mud making formation20.震动筛mud shaker21.泥浆稳定性mud stability22.泥浆比重mud weight23.泥浆粘度mud viscosity24.水基泥浆water-base mud25.水基混油泥浆water-base oil emulsion mud26.失水量water loss27.淡水泥浆28.初切力29.静切力30.PH值循环与固井系统circulating and solids control system1.泥浆泵mud pump2.组装闸门manifold valve3.高压管线high pressure line4.立管闸门stand pipe valve5.立管stand pipe6.水龙头swivel7.方钻杆kelly8.钻杆drill pipe9.钻铤drill collar10.钻头drill bit(rock bit)11.环空annular12.井口well head13.架空槽flow line14.泥浆-气体分离器gas buster (poor boy)15.震动筛shale shaker16.除砂器desander17.除泥器desilter18.除气器degasser消防fire protection十一.固井1.水泥cement2.水泥促凝剂cement accelerator3.水泥添加剂cement additive4.胶结指数cementation factor{}cementation exponent5.水泥伞cement basket6.水泥罐cement tank7.水泥塞cement plug8.套管1.套管casing2.套管附件casing accessories3.下套管的井cased borehole4.下套管完的井cased hole completion5.全部下套管的井cased through well6.下套管case in7.套管异径接头casing adapter8.套管锚casing anchor9.套管环空casing annulus10.下套管工具casing appliances11.下套管地层casing-bearing formation12.套管打捞筒casing bowl13.套管桥塞casing bridge plug14.套管弯曲casing buckling15.扶正器casing centralizer16.回压凡尔casing check valve17.套管卡子casing clamps18.套管挤坏casing collapse19.套管接箍casing collar20.套管鞋casing float shoe21.套管钢级casing grade22.引鞋casing guide shoe23.套管悬挂器casing hanger24.套管附件casing hardware25.套管头casinghead26.下套管作业casing job27.联顶节casing landing28.裸眼完井casingless completion29.套管铣鞋casing mill30.套管封隔器casing packer31.套管射孔器casing perforator32.套管鞋深度casing point33.套压casing pressure34.套管试压casing pressure test35.套管程序casing programme36.刮管器casing scraper37.套管母扣护丝casing screw head38.套管公扣护丝casing screw protector39.割套管casing severing40.套管侧钻casing side tracking41.套管尺寸casing size42.套管悬挂器casing suspender43.套管容积casing volume44.管壁casing wall45.钻头1.钻头bit (rock bit)2.钻头配合组合bit adapter3.钻头泥包bit balling4.蹩钻bit bouncing5.钻头损坏bit breakage6.钻头装卸器bit breaker7.磨合钻头bit break-in procedure8.干钻烧钻头bit burnt out9.换钻头bit change10.井壁与钻头的间隙bit clearance11.钻头牙轮bit cone12.钻头常数bit constant13.钻头用量bit consumption14.钻头外型bit contour15.钻头成本bit cost16.钻头轨迹bit course17.金刚石取心钻头冠部bit crown18.钻头切削角bit cutting angle19.卡钻bit freezing20.钻头导向器bit guide21.钻头水马力bit HHP22.钻头打捞钩bit holder23.跳钻bit jumping24.钻头寿命bit life25.钻压bit load26.钻头进尺速度bit performance27.钻头压力bit pressure28.钻头记录bit records29.钻头尺寸bit size30.钻进速度bit speed31.钻压bit thrust32.钻头轨迹bit track(trajectory)33.钻头轨迹特性bit trajectory behavior34.为换钻头起下钻bit trips35.钻头选型bit type selection取心coring1.取心core2.岩心分析core analysis3.岩心分析数据core-analysis data4.岩心轴core axis5.岩心袋core bag6.岩心筒core barrel7.岩心抓取器core barrel catcher8.岩心爪core catcher9.取心钻进core boring10.岩心盒core box11.岩心切割器core breaker12.割断岩心core breaking13.岩心爪core basket14.牙轮取心钻头core cone bit15.取心钻进core drilling16.取心进尺core footage17.岩心直径core diameter18.取心井段core intervals19.取心钻具core drill20.取心钻头core drilling bit21.取心钻机core drilling rig22.取过岩心的井cored well23.井底岩心打捞器core fisher24.岩心打捞器core grabber25.岩心爪core gripper26.井壁取心器coregun27.取心井core hole28.取心收获率core recovery29.岩心样core sample30.岩心取样器core sampler31.岩心截面core section32.岩心尺寸core size33.岩心切割器core slicer34.取心探井core test35.岩心盒core tray36.冲击式井壁取心器coregun37.取心钻头core bit38.取心深度core depth39.取心设备core equipment40.取心进尺coring footage41.取心地层coring formation42.取岩心枪coring gun43.取心作业core operation44.取心工具core tool45.取心钻压core weight电力与电器1.电electricity2.电的electrici(al)3.电线electrical4.电测井electrical log(logging)5.电力的electrically powered6.输出电信号electrical output signal7.电荷electric charge8.电路electric circuit9.电信electric communication10.电导electric conductance11.电导率electric conductivity12.电导体electric conductor13.电控盘electric control panel14.电流electric current15.放电electric discharge16.配电electric distribution17.接线盒electric distribution unit18.电驱动electric drive19.电池electric element20.电能electric energy21.电风扇electric fan22.电场electric field23.电场强度electric-field intensity(strength)24.电炉electric furnace25.保险丝electric fuse26.发电机electric generator27.发电机组electric(generator) set28.电热板electric hot plate29.电工electrician30.电表electricity meter31.漏电electric line32.电缆导线electric line set packer33.电测资料解释electric-log interpretation34.电测电阻率electric log resistivity35.发电厂electric power plant36.电源electric power supply37.供电系统electric power system38.电压electric pressure39.电阻electric resistance40.电线electric wireline41.电梯electric elebator钻柱drilling string1.钻头bit(rock bit)2.配合接头cross-over sub3.减震器bumpers(shock absorber)4.无磁钻铤monel drill collar5.钻梃drill collar6.扶正器stabilizer7.加重钻杆heavy wall drill pipe(HWDP)8.钻杆drill pipe9.回压凡尔back pressure valve10.方保接头Kelly sub(saver sub)11.方钻杆kelly12.方入Kelly-in(Kelly-down)13.正扣right hand thread14.反扣left hand thread15.母接头tool joint box16.公接头tool joint pin17.单根single18.立柱stand(thrible)井口工具1.2.手工具1.2.规具与量具1.2.防喷系统BOP system1.防喷器blowout preventer2.防喷装置blowout hookup3.井控blowout control4.防喷塞blowout plug5.防喷四通spool6.7.复杂情况与事故trouble and accidents1.跳钻rough drilling(bouncing of drilling tool)2.蹩钻bit bouncing3.溜钻drilling string not well braked4.顿钻percussion drill5.打倒车reverse rotation(running)6.井斜hole deviation(inclination)7.纠斜correct drift8.填井plug-back9.打水泥塞cementing plug10.侧钻sidetracking11.井漏lost circulation12.井塌slough(cave-in)13.井涌kick14.井喷blowout15.卡钻stuck(sticking)16.粘钻differential sticking(wall sticking)17.键槽卡钻key-seating sticking18.砂桥卡钻sand bridge sticking19.沉砂卡钻sand setting sticking20.遇阻touchdown(touching resistance)21.遇卡touch sticking22.对扣make-up(stab)23.造扣thread making24.倒扣back-off25.拔活塞pulling a piston26.打捞fishing27.解卡剂releasing stuck agent(pipe lax)28.泡解剂to soak with black magic29.爆破松扣breakouting pack of dynamite30.化学切割器chemical cutter31.钻头泥包bit balling(balling up of a bit)32.扭断to twist-of33.解卡unfreezing34.钻井人员drilling personnel1.钻井监督drilling supervisor2.钻井工程师drilling engineer3.泥浆工程师mud engineer4.定向井工程师directional engineer5.机械师mechanical engineer6.电器工程师electric engineer7.钻井队长toolpusher8.钻井技术员drilling technician9.司钻driller10.司机engine(motor) man11.发电工generator keeper12.井架工derrickman13.内外钳工floorman(roughneck)14.场地工roustabout15.泥浆工mudman(mudboy)16.地质工geo-sampler(geo-supervisor)17.炊事员cook18.服务员attendant19.副司钻assistant driller20.安全员security official21.成本会计员cost accountant22.材料员materialman23.话务员operator24.翻译interpreter25.总地质师chief geologist定向井directional well1.定向井承包商directional drilling contractor2.定向钻井工具directional drill tool3.定向井directional well4.井斜方位detection of deflection5.地层走向direction of strata6.造斜工具deflecting tool7.增斜angle build up8.降斜angle drop off井场设备equipments on wellsite1.天车crown2.井架mast(derrick)3.二层台racking platform (monky-board)4.大绳drilling ling5.大钩hook6.水龙头swivel7.水龙带rotary hose8.立管standpipe9.绞车drawworks10.司钻操作台driller’s console11.钻台drillfloor12.转盘rotary table13.节流管汇choke manifold14.防喷管线点火头gas flare15.泥气分离器mud gas separator16.震动筛shale shaker17.除气器degasser18.9.地质1.石油地质学petroleum geology2.含油气区oil and gas bearing area3.含油气盆地oil and gas bearing basin4.沉积盆地sedimentary basin5.凹陷盆地depressed basin6.断陷盆地down-faulted basin7.生油凹陷source sag8.地质环境geological environment9.地质条件geological condition10.地质勘探geological exploration11.地质解释geologic interpretation12.地质史geologic history13.地质数据geologic data14.地质剖面geologic cross section15.地域隆起regional arching16.地域倾斜regional tilt(dip)17.区域构造regional structure18.区域不整合19.油气勘探20.石油勘探21.开发井22.发现井23.探井24.野猫井25.不利地区26.有希望地区27.富有远景的地区28.情况不明的地区29.未开发地区30.目的层31.生产层32.高产层33.高产井34.含油断块35.含油层系36.常用钻井词汇useful words of drilling1.钻井drill(make hole)2.继续钻井drill ahead3.钻柱组合drill assembly4.钻头drill bit5.钻铤drill collar6.钻铤环空drill collar annulus7.钻铤水眼drill collar bore8.取心井drill core sample hole9.钻井队drill(-ing) crew10.岩屑drill cuttings(solids11.已钻区drilled area12.水泥碎屑drilled cement13.已钻进尺drilled footage14.已钻通的drill in15.钻探储量drilled reserves16.钻进显示drilled show17.完钻井drilled well18.司钻driller19.司钻控制台driller’s console20.司钻记录driller’s log21.司钻监视器driller’s monitor22.司钻台driller station23.司钻班报表driller’s tour report24.钻台drill floor25.钻井液drill fluid26.钻井进尺drill footage27.钻头离开井底空转drill free28.井眼drill hole29.井口返出泥浆drill-hole returns30.测井斜drill-hole survey31.打开生产层drill-in32.下套管后再开钻drilling ahead33.钻井分析drilling analytical work34.钻头drilling bit35.钻进中放空drilling break36.钻机能力drilling capacity37.完井作业completion operation38.完井方案completion program39.钻井条件drilling condition40.钻井成本drilling cost41.钻杆接箍drilling coupling42.钻井队drilling crew43.岩屑drilling cuttings44.钻井周期drilling cycle45.钻井数据库drilling data base46.钻井工程师drilling engineer47.钻井工程录井仪drilling engineering data logging unit48.钻井设备drilling equipment49.钻井专家drilling expert50.循环系统circulating system51.进尺drilling footage52.钻井队长drilling foreman53.水龙带drilling hose54.钻井人员drilling implementer55.压力平衡钻进drilling-in-balance56.钻井仪表drilling instrument57.钻井井段drilling interval58.钻井漏层drilling invasion zone59.钻井记录表drilling journey60.钻井大绳drilling line61.尾管drilling liner62.尾管固井drilling liner cementing63.大绳滚筒drilling line reel64.尾管悬挂器drilling liner hanger65.钻压drilling load66.钻进录井drilling log67.泥浆drilling mud68.钻井作业drilling operation69.钻水泥塞drilling out70.钻井设备drilling outfit71.钻井参数drilling parameter72.钻井人员drilling people73.钻井平台drilling platform74.钻井泵压drilling pressure75.钻井程序drilling program76.钻速drilling rate77.钻井记录drilling record78.钻井船drilling ship79.井场drilling site80.钻井专家drilling specialist81.钻速drilling speed82.钻柱drilling stem(string)83.钻柱扶正器drilling string stabilizer84.钻井总监drilling superintendent85.钻井监督drilling supervisor86.钻井技术drilling technique87.钻井技术员drilling technician88.钻井技术drilling technique89.钻井工艺drilling technology90.钻井时间drilling time91.钻时记录drilling time log92.钻至设计井深drilling to completion93.钻具drilling tool94.钻压drilling weight95.司钻drillman96.铣鞋drillmill97.试钻drill-off test98.钻杆drill pipe99.钻杆环空drill pipe annulus100.钻井水眼drill pipe bore101.卡钻drill pipe frozen102.钻杆检查drill pipe inspection 103.钻杆铣鞋drill pipe mill 104.钻具解卡drill pipe release105.钻杆立柱drill pipe stand106.卡钻drill pipe sticking107.钻杆拉力drill pipe tension108.钻杆弯曲drill pipe winding up 109.泥浆泵drill pump 110.泥浆录井drill returns log(mud log) 111.钻机drill rig 112.砂样drill sample113.井场drillsite114.岩屑drill solids115.中途测试drill stem test116.井架drill tower。
钻井西语现场之常用钻井词汇
序号中文英文西班牙文常用钻井词汇Useful Words of Drilling1 钻井 drill(make hole) taladro, perforacion de pozo2 可钻性 drillbability3 可钻碎的 drillable4 可钻式尾管悬挂器 drillable liner5 可钻式封隔器 drillable packer6 可钻式永久封隔器 drillable permanent packer7 继续钻井 drill ahead8 钻柱组合9 钻头 drill bit taladro,broca,barrena,mechas10 钻头行程 drill bit run11 钻井钢丝绳 drill cable cable(alambre)de taladro12 钻铤 drill collar porta-mechas13 钻铤环空 drill collar annulus14 钻铤水眼 drill collar bore15 钻铤弯曲度 drill collar curvature16 钻铤应力减轻槽 drill collar groove17 钻铤提升短节 drill collar lifting nipple18 钻铤扶正器 drill collar stabilizer estabilizador de porta-mechas19 钻铤刚度 drill collar stiffness20 取心井 drill core sample hole21 钻井队 drill(-ing) crew grupo (equipo)de perforacion de pozo22 岩屑 drill cuttings(solids)23 已钻区 drilled area24 水泥碎屑 drilled cement25 干钻 drilled dry26 已钻进尺 drilled footage27 钻头切削刀 drill edge28 已钻通的 drilled in29 钻入桩脚 drilled pile30 钻探储量 drilled reserves31 钻进显示 drilled show32 完钻井 drilled well33 司钻 driller maestro de taladro34 钻机台月 driller-month35 司钻控制台 driller's console36 司钻小型控制台 driller's control cabinet37 司钻记录 driller's log38 司钻法（压井） driller's method39 司钻监视器 driller's monitor40 司钻（平）台 driller station41 钻井班报表 driller reportaje de turno de taladro42 钻头打捞器 drill extractor43 钻台 drill floor44 钻井液 drill fluid45 钻井进尺 drill footage longitud de perforacion en pies46 钻头离开井底空转 drill free47 钻头规 drill gauge48 井眼 drill hole49 井口返出泥浆 drill-hole returns50 井距 drill-hole spacing51 测井斜 drill-hole survey medir la inclinacion de pozo52 打开生产井 drill-in53 下套管后再开井 drilling ahead54 钻井分析 drilling analytical work55 钻头 drilling bit taladro, mechas56 钻探井租地 drilling block57 钻进中放空 drilling break58 钻机能力 drilling capacity59 钻井扶正器 drilling centralizer60 钻井用粘土 drilling clay61 完井作业 drilling completion operation complir la operacion62 完井方案 drilling completion program63 钻井条件 drilling condition64 钻井合同 drilling contract contrato de perforacion de pozo65 钻井成本 drilling cost66 钻杆接箍 drilling coupling67 钻井队 drilling crew68 岩屑 drilling cuttings69 钻井周期 drilling cycle70 钻井污染区 drilling damage zone71 钻井数据库 drilling data base72 钻井工作量 drilling effort73 钻井工程师 drilling engineer ingeniero de taladro74 钻井工程（学） drilling engineering75 钻井工程录井仪 drilling engineering data logging unit76 钻井设备 drilling equipment77 钻井开支 drilling expenditure78 钻井经验 drilling experience79 钻井专家 drilling expert80 循环系统 circulating system sistema de circulacion81 净化系统 drilling system82 进尺 drilling footage longitud avanzada de perforacion83 钻井队长 drilling foreman84 水龙带 drilling hose85 钻井人员 drilling implementer personal de taladro86 压力平衡钻进 drilling-in-balance87 钻井仪表 drilling instrument88 钻进井段 drilling interval89 钻井楼层 drilling invasion zone90 随钻震击器 drilling jar91 钻井记录表 drilling journey92 钻井大绳 drilling line93 尾管 drilling liner94 尾管固井 drilling liner cementing95 大绳滚筒 drilling line reel96 尾管悬挂器 drilling liner hanger97 钻压 drilling load98 钻进录井 drilling log99 双腿井架 drilling mast100 钻速方程 drilling model101 钻进监控系统 drilling monitor system102 泥浆 drilling mud103 钻井作业 drilling operation operacion de taladro104 钻井经营者 drilling operator105 优化钻井 drilling optimization106 钻水泥塞 drilling out107 钻井设备 drilling outfit108 钻井参数 drilling parameter parametro de taladro109 钻井优化参数 drilling parameter optimization110 井位布置 drilling pattern111 钻井人员 drilling people112 钻井许可权 drilling permit113 钻井阶段 drilling phase114 钻井平台 drilling platform115 钻井实践（作业） drilling practice116 钻井预报 drilling prediction117 钻井泵压 drilling pressure parametro de bombeo de taladro 118 钻井程序 drilling program119 钻井进度 drilling progress120 钻井研究开发部 drilling R and D121 钻速 drilling drilling rate122 钻速方程 drilling rate model123 行程钻速 drilling rate of a trip124 钻速记录仪 drilling rate recorder125 钻井记录 drilling record126 钻井船 drilling ship(vessel)127 钻井模拟器 drilling simulator128 井场 drilling site129 钻井专家 drilling specialist130 钻速 drilling speed131 防喷器下的四通 drilling spool132 钻柱 drilling stem(string)133 钻柱扶正器 drilling string stabilizer columna de taladro 134 钻井总监 drilling superintendent135 钻井监督 drilling supervisor superintendente136 钻井技术 drilling technique(tech) supervisor de taladro 137 钻井技术员 drilling technician138 钻井工艺 drilling technology tecnico de taladro139 钻井供应船 drilling tender140 钻井时间 drilling time141 钻时记录 drilling time log142 钻速记录仪 drilling time recorder143 钻至设计井深 drilling to completion144 钻具 drilling tool145 钻具接头 tool substitute146 钻井涡轮 herramientas de taladro147 钻机组148 钻碎149 钻压150 铣鞋151 钻井参数监测仪152 试钻153 钻水泥塞工具154 钻杆155 钻杆环空156 钻井水眼157 钻杆公扣158 钻杆母扣159 小钻杆卡瓦160 钻杆计数器161 钻杆接箍162 钻杆割刀163 钻杆电测164 钻杆吊卡165 钻杆回压凡尔166 卡钻167 钻杆丝扣规168 钻杆检查 elevador de vara(tubo)perforadora169 钻杆铣鞋170 钻杆护丝 taladro atrapado(detenido,adherido)171 钻杆内泵送塞172 钻杆回收记录173 钻具解卡174 钻杆橡胶护箍175 钻杆旋扣器176 钻杆扶正器177 钻杆立柱178 钻杆接头179 钻杆拉力180 钻杆弯曲181 钻杆振动182 钻井平台183 泥浆泵184 泥浆录井185 钻机186 钻杆（纤子）187 白棕绳188 砂样189 轻便钻机190 井场191 岩屑192 钻进时钻速降低193 成套钻具194 方补心195 中途测试 terreno de pozo196 中途测试资料分析197 中途测试压力卡片221 钻井用水 drill water agua en uso de taladro。
亡羊补牢英语小故事简短的
亡羊补牢英语小故事简短的1. 亡羊补牢的英语小故事亡羊补牢的故事英文：Once upon a time, someone raised a sheep. One morning, he found a sheep missing. After careful examination, he found that the sheepfold had broken a hole. At night, the wolf came in and took one of the sheep. The neighbour advised him, "Repair the sheepfold and plug the hole!" The man refused to accept the advice and answered, "What's the sheep doing when they've lost it?"The next morning, he found another sheep missing. Originally, the wolf came in from the hole and took a sheep. He regretted that he had not listened to his neighbour's advice, so he quickly blocked the hole and repaired the sheepfold. Since then, wolves can no longer get into the sheepfold to catch sheep.亡羊补牢的故事中文：从前，有人养了一圈羊。
一天晚上，他发觉少了一只羊，认真一查，原来羊圈破了个窟窿，夜间狼钻进来，把羊叼走了一只。
岩板开孔正确方法
岩板开孔正确方法Drilling holes in granite countertops or stone slabs can be a challenging task, but it is not impossible with the right tools and techniques. The first step is to choose the appropriate drill bit for the job. Diamond-tipped drill bits are the best option for drilling into hard materials like granite, as they are strong and durable.在花岗岩台面或石板上钻孔可能是一项具有挑战性的任务，但是通过正确的工具和技术并不是不可能的。
第一步是选择适合工作的钻头。
钻石镶边钻头是在像花岗岩这样的硬材料上钻孔的最佳选择，因为它们坚固耐用。
Before you start drilling, it is important to mark the location of the hole accurately. You can use a pencil or a marker to make a small mark on the surface of the granite where you want the hole to be. This will help guide you and ensure that the hole is in the right place.在开始钻孔之前，重要的是准确标记孔的位置。
您可以使用铅笔或标记笔在您希望孔位的花岗岩表面上做一个小标记。
这将有助于引导您，确保孔位准确。
Next, you will need to secure the granite slab in place to prevent it from moving while you drill. This can be done by clamping the slab to a sturdy surface or using a suction cup to hold it down. It is important to have a stable work surface to ensure precision and safety during the drilling process.接下来，您需要固定花岗岩板，以防止其在钻孔时移动。
承重墙打孔免责协议书范本
承重墙打孔免责协议书范本英文回答：Waiver Agreement for Drilling Holes in Load-Bearing Walls.I, [Your Name], hereby acknowledge and agree to the following terms and conditions regarding the drilling of holes in load-bearing walls:1. I understand that drilling holes in load-bearing walls can weaken the structural integrity of the wall and may result in potential damage or collapse.2. I agree to assume all risks and liabilities associated with drilling holes in load-bearing walls, including but not limited to property damage, personal injury, or any other loss or harm that may arise.3. I confirm that I have obtained all necessary permitsand approvals from the relevant authorities before proceeding with any drilling activities.4. I will hire a professional contractor or seek expert advice to ensure the drilling is performed safely and in compliance with all applicable laws, regulations, and industry standards.5. I will indemnify and hold harmless [YourCompany/Organization], its officers, employees, and agents from any claims, damages, or liabilities arising from or related to the drilling of holes in load-bearing walls.6. I understand that this waiver agreement is legally binding and will be enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law.By signing this waiver agreement, I acknowledge that I have read and fully understand the terms and conditions stated herein and voluntarily assume all risks associated with drilling holes in load-bearing walls.中文回答：《承重墙打孔免责协议书范本》。
钻井工程常用术语
钻井工程常用名词术语钻井总论钻井drilling 钻井方法drilling method 顿钻钻井cable drilling杆式顿钻rod tool drilling 绳式顿钻cable tool drilling轻便钻井portable drilling 直井straight hole 深井deep well超深井super deep well 地热井geothermal well热采井thermal production well 工程井engineering rejection well 工程报废井abandoned well 弃井abandoned well钻井设计well design 钻井质量drilling quality岩石的物理机械性质physical—mechanical properties of rock矿物的微硬度micro—hardness of rook肖氏岩石硬度Shores hardness 史氏岩石硬度Shi’s hardness 矿物的弹性模量elastic modulus of mineral岩石的弹性模量elastic modulus of rock矿物的泊松比Poissons ratio mineral岩石的泊松比Poissons ratio rock矿物的切变模量shear modulus of mineral岩石的切变模量shear modulus of rock矿物和岩石的体积压缩模量bulk compressibility mineral and rock 岩石的体积压缩系数coefficient of bulk compressibility mineral and rock岩石的抗拉伸强度tensile strength of rock岩石的直接拉伸试验direct tensile test of rock岩石的巴西劈裂拉伸实验Brazilian test of rock·岩石的筒形抗内压胀裂试验burst test of hollow cyling by internal pressure岩石的常规抗压缩强度compressive strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度shear strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度试验shear test of rock岩石的三轴强度试验tri-axial test of rock岩石的常规三轴试验ordinary tri—axial test of rock岩石的真三轴试验true tri-axial test of rock脆性岩石brittle rock 塑性岩石plastic rock岩石的假塑性破坏pseudo-plastic breakage of rock岩石塑性系数coefficient of plasticity of rock岩石的脆塑性转变压力（临界压力）brittle plastic transitional pressure of rock岩石的库仑纳维尔强度准则Conlomb-Navier strength criterion of rock 岩石的内磨擦角和内磨擦系数angle of interal friction and coefficient of interal friction of rock岩石的莫尔强度准则Mohr strength criterion of rock岩石的格里菲斯脆性破坏准则Griffith criterion of brittle failure of rock统计强度理论statistical strength theory岩石的表面破碎surface fracture of rock岩石的疲劳破碎fatigue fracture of rock岩石的体积破碎volumetric fracture of rock岩石的单位体积破碎pecific volumetric fracture work of rock地应力in situ stress岩层的水平测向应力horizontal stress of strata测向系数coefficient of lateral pressure围压confining pressure 有效应力effective stress压持效应chip hold effect 岩石硬度减低剂rock hardness reducer岩石的可钻性drill ability of rock 岩石的研磨性rock abrasiveness钻具drilling tool 钻柱drill stem 复合钻柱combination string满眼钻柱packed hole assembly 踏式钻铤组合tapered drill collar string 钟摆钻具pendulum assembly 偏重钻铤unbalanced drill collar钻柱弯曲buckling of drill string钻具的扭转震动twisting vibration of drill string钻杆疲劳破坏fatigue—failure of drill string 上紧矩make—up torque 应力减轻槽stress—relief groove 减震器vibration dampener稳定器stabilizer 井眼大扩器reamer 钻井液drilling fluids水基钻井液water—base drilling fluids淡水钻井液fresh-water drilling fluids低固相钻井液low solids fluids低固相不分散钻井液low solids non-dispersed polymer drilling fluids抑制性钻井液inhibitive drilling fluids盐水钻井液salt-water drilling fluids饱和盐水钻井液saturated salt-water drilling fluids钙处理钻井液calcium treated drilling fluids钾盐钻井液potassium drilling fluids混油钻井液oil—emulsion drilling fluids生物聚合物钻井液biodegrability drilling fluids油基钻井液oil base drilling fluids反相乳化钻井液invert-emulsion drilling fluids平衡活度钻井液balanced activity drilling fluids泡沫钻井液foam drilling fluids 密闭液sealing fluids完井液completion fluids 封隔夜packer fluids解卡浸泡液stuck freeing spotting fluids钻井液性能properties of drilling fluids滤失filtration API滤失量API filtration高温高压滤失量high temperature and high pressure filtration动滤失量dynamic filtration 滤饼filter cake 含砂量sand content 钻井液固相含量solids content in drilling fluids亚甲基兰实验methylene blue test石灰含量lime content estimation钻井液的酚酞碱度P m alkalinity 滤液酚酞碱度P t alkalinity 滤液甲基橙碱度M f alkalinity 造浆率yield破乳电压emulsion-breaking voltage钻井液流变性drilling fluids rheology 漏斗粘度funnel viscosity触变性thixotropic behavior 静切力gel strength初切力initial gel strength 终切力10-minuto gel strength 剪切降粘特性shear—thinning behavior钻井液受污染contamination of drilling fluids粘土侵clay contamination 盐侵salt contamination盐水侵salt water contamination 钙侵calcium contamination砂侵sand contamination 水侵water contamination气侵gas contamination 钻井液处理剂mud additives 降失水剂filtrate or reduction agents 增粘剂thickening agent膨润土增效剂agents of increasing bentonite降粘剂thinning agents 加重剂weighting agents堵漏剂lost circulation materials 水敏性页岩water-sensitive shale 膨润土的预水化pre—hydrated bentonite 固相控制solid control 钻屑cutting 砂sand 泥silt 胶体颗粒colloidal solids 钻进drilling 钻进技术drilling technology钻进技术参数drilling parameters 钻压weight on bit悬重和钻重string suspending weight and drilling weight转速rpm—revolution per minute 排量rate of flow零轴向点zero axial stress point 中性点neutral point开钻spud in 完钻finishing drilling 送钻bit feed方余和方入kelly—up and kelly-in 进尺footage机械钻速penetration rate 鳖钻bit bouncing 跳钻bit jumping干钻drilling at circulation break 打倒车reverse rotation table钻头泥包bit balling 划眼redressing 扩眼reamin1放空drilling break 吊打easing the bit in 纠斜hole straightening 侧钻sidetracking 单根single 双根double立根stand 接单根king a connection 起下钻trips知起下钻short tripping 活动钻具move the drill string上卸扣make up and break out 换钻头change bit鼠洞rat hole 小鼠洞mouse hole 喷射钻井jet—bit drilling射流jet flow 冲击射流impact jet flow 汽蚀射流·cavitation jet 射流扩散角和扩散系数spread angle and spread coefficient of jet射流等速·patential core of jet 漫流cross flow 射流喷速jet velocity 射流速度降低系数decreasing coefficient of jet velocity射流动压力dynamic pressure of jet flow射流压力降低系数coefficient of jet-flow pressure drop射流冲击力jet impact force 射流水功率jet hydraulic—power喷射距离jet length 清洗井底bottom—hole cleaning钻头压降bit pressure—drop 钻头水功率bit hydraulic horse—power喷嘴nozzle 等变速喷嘴nozzle with iso-variable velocity流线形喷嘴streamline nozzle 喷嘴流量系数nozzle orifico coefficient钻井液循环系统drilling fluids circulating system钻井液流态flow pattern 平板层流flat plate laminar flowZ值Z—value 喷射钻井的工作方式The working regime of jet drilling最大钻头水功率工作方式The regime of the maximum bit hydra-ulic horse-power最大射流冲击力方式the regime of the maximum jet-impact force最大射流喷速工作方式The regime of the maximum jet velocity经济水功率工作方式the regime of the economic hydraulic horse—powerjet bit 喷射式钻头optimum rate of mud flow 最优喷嘴直径optimum nozzlo diameter临界井深和极限井深critical well depth and limited well depth钻井泵的工作状态the working regime of drilling pump钻井泵的最大排工作状态(额定工作功率工作状态）the maximum flow rate regime of the drilling pump （the rated power regime of the drilling pump）钻井泵的调节排量工作状态（允许压力工作状态)the regulated flow rate regime of the drilling pump(the rated power regime of the drilling pump）携带岩屑cutting carrying 岩屑运移比cutting transport ratio环空岩屑浓度solid concentration in annular space钻井泵效率rate of utilized power of the drilling pump钻井泵水功济利用率rate of utilized hydraulic power of the drilling pump优化钻井技术optimum drilling technology 控制井control well钻井可控参数controllable drilling variables钻井不可控参数non controllable drilling variables钻井目标函数（钻井泛函)objective function of drilling procedure钻进过程的数学模型mathematical model for drilling procedure钻速方程equation for drilling rate二元钻速方程drilling rate equation in two variables多元钻速方程multi-variable drilling rate equation最大允许钻压maximum allowable weight on bit最优钻压optimum weight on bit 钻速系数factor of penetration rate 地层研磨性系数factor of formation abrasiveness牙齿磨损系数tooth wear coefficient轴承工作系数working coefficient of bearing五点法钻速试验“five spot” drill—off test井下动力钻井hole bottom power drilling涡轮钻井turbo-drilling 涡轮钻具turbo-drill 电动钻具electric drill 螺杆钻具positive displacement motor涡轮工作特性characteristics of turbine涡轮的水力载荷hydraulic load on turbo—drill涡轮钻具井底工作特性hole-bottom working characteristics of turbo—drill涡轮钻具最优工作区optimized working zone of turbo—drill涡轮钻具合理转速optimum revolution of turbo-drill涡轮钻具最优排量optimum capacity of turbo—drill涡轮不稳定工作区unstable working range turbo—drill有效钻压effective bit—weight涡轮钻具井底功率传递系数transfer coefficient of bottom hole power of turbo—drill涡轮钻具特性系数characteristic coefficient of turbo—drill涡轮的水力效率hydraulic efficiency of turbo-drill涡轮钻具合理钻进深度optimum drill depth of turbo—drill涡轮-泵组联合特性combined characteristics of turbo-drill—pump涡轮钻具轴向间隙的调节axial clearance regulation of turbo—drill钻具滤清器drill pipe filter 启动阀starter gate valve低速大扭矩涡轮钻具love-speed high-torque turbo-drill复式涡轮钻具compound turbo—drill定向井directional well 定向要素directional elements井斜角inclination 方位角azimuth 井斜变化率rate of inclination change方位变化率rate of azimuth change 井眼曲率hole curvature垂深和测深vertical depth and measured 水平投影长度hole deviation 水平位移displacement or closure distance 多底井multi-bore well水平井horizontal well 丛式井cluster well or multiple wells救除井relief well 双筒井dual wells套管开窗starting window on casing 造斜deflecting or building angle 增斜increasing hole angle or build—up hole angle降斜decreasing hole angle or build—off hole angle稳斜maintain angle井身垂直投影图vertical projection of borehole井身水平投影图horizontal projection of borehole正切法tangential method 平衡正切法balanced tangential method 平均角法average angle method曲率半径法radius of curvature method 圆弧法arc method 最小曲率法minimum curvature method圆柱螺线法cylinder helix method 悬链线轨迹·catenary shape profile 控制圆柱control cylinder 造斜工具deflecting tool槽式变向器whip—stock 短涡轮short turbo-drill钻铤造斜短节short bent collar 涡轮偏心短节turbo—eccentric sub 复式弯涡轮bent multi-turbo—drill水力斜接头hydraulic bent sub Dyna-flex 瓦片变向器rebel tool造斜工具面tool face 造斜率rate of over—all angle change井眼方位漂移walk of hole 装置角tool of rotation工具面角tool face azimuth 动力钻具反扭角reactive torque定向方位角tool face bearing or tool face setting磁偏角magnetic declination 随钻测量measurement while drill(MWD）单点测斜仪single shot instrument多点测斜仪multi—shot instrument 陀螺测斜仪gyroscopic instrument 定向orientation定向下钻orientation while going in hole磁力定向法magnetic orientation method斜口管鞋定向法mule—shoe orientation method取心coring 岩心core 岩心收获率recovery of core取心方法coring method局部反循环取心coring with local inverse circulation长筒取心core drilling with long core barrel密闭取心sealing core drilling保压取心core drilling with keeping formation pressure定向取心orientation coring 绳索取心wire line coring取心工具coring tools 岩心筒core barrel单筒式岩心筒single type core barrel双筒式岩心筒core barrel of double tube swivel type内岩心筒inside core barrel 外岩心筒outside core barrel喷射式岩心筒core barrel of jet type 取心钻头coring bit牙轮取心钻头coring cone bit 金钢石取心钻头diamond coring bit 硬质合金取心钻头hard metal coring bit 涡轮取心钻头turbo-core bit 涡轮取心钻具turbo—core drill 岩心爪core gripper卡瓦式岩心爪core gripper with slip卡簧式岩心爪core gripper with slip-spring板簧式岩心爪卡core gripper with slip-spider箍式岩心爪core gripper with slip—collar割取岩心core breaking机械加压割心法core breaking by mechanical loading投球割心core breaking by hydraulic pressure投砂割心core breaking by pumping down顶岩心core extracting各种压力概念concept of pressure 静液压力hydrostatic pressure钻井液压力drilling fluid column pressure孔隙压力pore pressure (formation pressure）上覆岩层压力overburden pressure 颗粒压力grain to grain pressure 压力梯度pressure gradient 压力监控pressure detection and control 异常压力及其形成abnormal pressure and it’s formation压力异常abnormal pressure 压实作用compaction欠压实imcompaction 不渗透围栅·permeabillity barrier快速沉积rapid deposition构造型异常高压structural abnormal pressure 地层压力检测方法method of formation pressure detection地震资料法seismic data method机械钻速法penetration rate method d指数法d-exponent method dc指数法dc—exponent method标准化钻速法normalized penetration rate页岩密度法shale density溢流观测法take a kick 天然气录井检测法gas logging氯化物检测法chloride log 钻井液录井法drilling fluid log返出钻井液温度检测法flow-line temperature化石资料法paleo-information 地球物理检测法wire—line logs中途测试drill—stem testing 完井测试well completing test综合录井仪computerlized apply drilling technology地层破裂压力formation fracture pressure地层破裂压力预报方法formation fracture pressure prediction漏失试验法leak—off test胡伯特—威利斯法Hubbert and Willis approach马修斯—凯利法method of Matthews and Kelly伊顿法method of Eaton 安德森法Anderson’s method艾克斯劳格法Exlog method 黄荣樽法Huang’s method地层井眼系统的压力平衡balance of formation-borehole system地层压力当量钻井液密度equivalent drilling fluid density钻井液当量循环密度equivalent circulating density附加压力当量钻井液密度additional pressure equivalent density当量深度equivalent depth 钻柱排代量drilling fluid displacement 波动压力（激动压力)surge pressure 抽汲压力swabbing pressure气体上窜gas channeling天然气偏差因子the coefficient of gas compressibility溢流overflow 井涌kick 井喷well blowout地下井喷underground blowout 井喷失控out of control for blowout 循环池液体增量pit gain 压力过渡带pressure transition zone压井killing well 关井closing well 硬关井hard closing软关井soft closing 压井方法killing well method工程师法（等待加重量法）engineer’s method司钻法(二次循环法）driller’s method边加重边循环法concurrent method 空井压井empty well control 置换式压井法（顶部压井法）displacement method反循环inverse circulating 循环周circulating circle节流循环circulating with choke防喷设备和工具blowout prevention tools and equipments防溢管·bellnipple 钻井液流量计drilling fluid flowing indicator 泵冲数计pump-stroke counter钻井液液面指示器pit-volume indicator真空除气器·vacum degasser 硫化氢监测仪H2s detector井控模拟装置well control simulator井喷失控的处理well blowout control 抢装井口installing wellhead 扣装法抢装井口buckling-up—installing wellhead翻转法抢装井口turning—up—installing wellhead整体吊装法抢装井口whole hanging method for installing wellhead带帽子压井法·hatting kill well method下封隔器压井killing well with packer method换井口套管casing replacing 灭火extinguishing喷射水流灭火法jet fire extinguishing method爆炸灭火法explosion method 灭火剂extinguisher固井well cementing 套管程序casing program 导管conductor 表层套管surface casing 技术套管intermediate casing strings生产套管production casing 套管柱casing string套管柱下部结构casing accessories 引鞋guiding shoe套管鞋casing shoe 套管扶正器·centralizer 泥饼刷·wall scratcher 浮籀float collar 套管承托环cement baffle collar 旋流短节vortex sub 浮鞋cementing float collar 水泥伞cementing basket注水泥胶塞cementing plugs 通径规drift diameter gauge套管的外载荷outside casing load 套管内压力burst套管外挤压力collapse pressure 套管轴向力axial load套管强度casing strength 套管抗挤强度collapse resistance套管抗拉强度tensile resistance 套管抗内压强度burst resistance下套管running casing 活动套管moving casing预应力preceding stress 人工井底artificial bottom of a well磁性定位短节magnetic locator sub固井工具与设备tools and equipments for running casing and cementing 套管吊钳casing tong 套管吊卡casing elevator卡盘casing spider 联顶节top connecting collar水泥头connect head 水泥车connecting truck井口装置wellhead equipment 注水泥?connect油井水泥oil well connecting 低密度水泥light weight connect膨润土水泥·bentonite connect 速凝水泥accelerated cement膨胀水泥expansion cement 纤维质水泥fiber cement树脂水泥（浆)resin cement 油基水泥（浆）diesel—oil cement 橡胶水泥（浆）latex cement 酸溶性水泥acid dissoluble cement 石膏水泥混合物·gypsam cement 火山灰水泥·pozzolan cement 抗盐水泥salt-resisting cement双凝水泥浆separable setting cement slurry冷井水泥和热井水泥ordinary and hot cementAPI水泥分级API cement classification水泥浆性能及其调节cement properties and adjustments of them稠度仪consist-meter 水泥浆流动性mobility of slurry水泥浆密度slurry density 水泥浆滤失量slurry filtration出口温度井底温度和循环温度flow-line temperature bottom temperature and circulation temperature水泥浆失重losing weight slurry 水泥石强度cement strength水泥石渗透性permeability of set cement水泥石的射孔性perforating quality 水泥浆外加剂cement additive 速凝剂accelerator 缓凝剂retardant 减阻剂friction reducer降密度剂light weight additive 降失水量filtrate reducer水泥浆加重剂heavy weight additive 隔离液spacer fluid前置液ahead fluid 尾随液tail fluid 注水泥方法cementing methods 常规注水泥法typical primary cementing双级注水泥法two stage cementing插入注水泥法inner pipe cementing 多管注水泥法·multi—plezone completion cementing打水泥塞cementing plug平衡法打水泥塞balance method for cementing plug倾筒法打水泥塞dump bailer method 挤水泥squeeze method井口挤水泥法·braden head squeeze method封隔器挤水泥法squeeze packer method高压挤水泥法high-pressure squeeze method低压挤水泥法low-pressure squeeze method尾管固井drilling liner cementing 尾管悬挂器drilling liner hanger 窜槽cement channeling 完井方法completion methods裸眼完井法open hole completion先期裸眼完井法initial open hole completion后期裸眼完井法final open hole completion射孔完井法perforation completion单管射孔完井法single pipe perforation completion多管射孔完井法multiple pipe perforation completion无油管完井法·tubingless completion永久完井法permanent completion无封隔器单层永久完井法single pipe permanent completion without packer单封隔器永久完井法permanent completion with single packer封隔器射孔完井法permanent completion with packer负压射孔perforating with negative pressure过油管射孔perforating through tubing贯眼完成法perforated pipe completion衬管完井法liner perforation completion砾石充填完井法gravel packer completion深井完井法deep hole completion高含硫气井完井法high H2s gas well completion地层损害程度formation damage degree地层损害带formation damage zone水动力学程度不完善井hydrodynamic degree incompleteness well水动力学性质不完善井油井hydrodynamic property incompletion well 完善系数well completeness factor 损害比damage ratio趋肤效应shin effect 开采比production ratio损害系数damage factor 完井系数completion factor钻井设备drilling equipment 设备安装rig up钻前工作preliminary work for spudding 井场布置layout平井场levelling 圆井cellar 基础ground foundation base活动基墩removable foundation 井架安装derrick installation扒杆gin pole 井架安装绞车winch 穿钢丝绳string up死绳固定器dead line anchor 设备校正alignment井口找中center for well 整体搬迁skidding the rig成组安装package installation 泥浆管汇mud pipeline猫头绳cat—line 高悬猫头绳drill rope大钳尾绳safety line 大门绷绳front guy（lines)井架绷绳derrick guy 接链器chain spanner钻井数据系统drilling data system钻井数据采集装置drilling data acquisition钻井数据实时处理装置drilling data processing钻井数据库drilling data base 钻井信息drilling information钻井参数传感装置drilling parameter sensing unit指重表传感器weight sensor 进尺传感器drilling footage sensor转盘扭矩传感器rotary table torque sensor转盘转速传感器R。
有关油井的英文表达
有关油井的英文表达油井（oil well）指任何钻透地球表面（Earth's surface）的钻孔（boring），目的是发现（f ind）或生产（produce）石油（petroleum/oil/hydrocarbons）。
专门生产天然气的叫气井（gas well）。
油井一般经历五个阶段：计划（planning）、钻井（drilling）、完井（comp letion）、生产（production）与报废（abandonment）。
首先用钻机（drilling rig）通过钻具（drill string）上的钻头（drill bit）在地上钻出127-91 4.4毫米的孔（hole），然后在钻孔（borehole）中下钢制油管（steel tubing）与套管（ca sing）。
套管与钻孔之间还可能需要用水泥（cement）来固定。
套管为井孔（wellbore）提供结构上的整体性（structural integrity），同时隔离（isolate）危险的高压区（high pres sure zone）。
随着井深加大，钻头和套管尺寸会变小。
现在的油井通常都有2-5个逐渐变小的井口尺寸。
钻头通过与之连接的钻铤（drill collar）来钻进岩层。
钻井液（drilling flui d/mud）通过钻杆（drill pipe）内部泵入钻头，作用包括冷却（cooling）钻头、提升钻屑（d rill cuttings）、避免井壁（wellbore wall）不稳定以及避免岩层液体由于压力进入井眼。
使用过的钻井液用振动筛（shaker）去掉钻屑后返回泥浆池（pit）循环利用。
通过在地面的顶部驱动装置（topdrive/kelly drive）增加额外的10米长的钻杆（joints）来增加钻井深度。
这个过程叫接单根（making a connection）。
三根钻杆叫一个立根或立柱（stand）。
海洋钻井名词解释
基本概念1.钻井（drilling）：为获取地下资源，利用机械设备在地层上钻孔眼的过程。
2.浅井：指井深在1500米（含1500米）以内的井。
3.中深井：指井深在1500米至4000米（含4000米）的井。
4.深井（deep well）：井深超过4000米的井。
5.超深井（superdeep well）：井深超过6000米的井。
6.钻具（drilling tool）：井下钻井工具的简称。
一般来说，它是指方钻杆、钻杆、钻铤、接头、稳定器、井眼扩大器、减震器、钻头以及其它井下工具如打捞工具等。
7.钻柱（drill string）：是指自水龙头以下钻头以上所连接的整个系统的总称。
它是由方钻杆、钻杆、加重钻杆、钻铤、接头、稳定器、震击器、井下动力钻具等各部件所组成。
8.复合钻柱（combination string）：由几种不同尺寸、不同壁厚或不同钢级的钻杆所组成的钻柱常用于深井钻井。
9.水基钻井液（water-base drilling fluids）：以水为连续相的钻井液。
其成份一般可含有水（可以是淡水、盐水、饱和盐水）、油、胶体颗粒、惰性固相颗粒、化学处理剂等。
10.油基钻井液（oil-base drilling fluids）：油做为连续相，含水量小于5％的钻井液。
11.气侵（gas contamination）：气体侵入钻井液中使其性能变坏的过程。
12.稳定器（stabilizer）：一种安置在钻柱上、与井眼间隙较小的井下工具。
它是防斜钻具（如满眼钻具、钟摆钻具）的重要部分。
在定向钻井中，根据安置的数量和位置的不同，还可起增斜、稳斜、降斜的作用。
13.中性点（neutral point）：钻柱上轴向应变等于零的点称为中性点。
14.开钻（spud in）：指下入导管或各层套管后第一只钻头的开始钻进，并依次称为第一次开钻、第二次开钻。
15.完钻（finishing drilling）：指全井钻进阶段的结束。
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Drilling Holes with a Diamond Bit
Use our Diamond Drill bits to drill most soft material like glass,ceramics,tile,granite,and rock.
Use an electric drill.Diamonds like high speeds so most any type of drill will work including the high speed Dremel type drills for the smaller bits.
The most important thing to know is these diamond drill bits will NOT perform like wood or metal bits where you are used to ripping through the material.These Diamond bits are slow.Think about the small chunk of diamond slowly scraping away a tiny bit of material
every e MINIMUM pres-
s u r e.L e t t h e b i t w o r k.D o n’t l e a n o n i t
like a wood bit.
There are two basic types of diamond
drill bits,Solid rod and Hollow Tube or
“C o r e B i t s”.O u r h o l l o w c o r e b i t s h a v e d i a m o n d o n t h e
edge,up the outside edge and up the inside.
Diamond bits need to be cooled with water.Submerge the
material to be drilled in water or continually drip water on
to the material.One method for drilling large flat material
l i k e g l a s s i s t o m a k e a“d a m”a r o u n d t h e h o l e w i t h c l a y o r
wax to make a reservoir.Fill this reservoir with water.We
just want to mention that there is a product that is added
to the water to help the cooling but is not necessary an not
worth the extra cleanup.Wear appropriate safety equip-
ment including eye protection.
Drill with an up and down motion.When the bit is up off the glass,the wa-
ter will fill the hole to cool the drill bit.
The drill will break through the bottom of the glass and may damage the
container.If this is a concern,put some material like wood underneath the glass.
Sundance Art Glass。