考研英语语法讲义

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你我同程考研英语基础语法讲义

英语基础语法讲义一、英语的句子分类1.五种基本句型(Five Basic Sentence Patterns)（1）主语+谓语(不及物动词）；（2）主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语；（3）主语+谓语+宾语+补语；（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；（5）主语+系动词+表语。

两类系动词：①表示状态，如be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain等；②表示转变或结果，如become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove等。

2.按照句子的使用目的分类：陈述句；疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句）；祈使句；感叹句。

3.按照句子结构分类：（1）简单句；（2）并列句：不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系：①同等关系；②选择关系；③转折和对比关系；④因果关系。

（3）复合句：由关联词把一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句联系在一起所构成的句子，也称主从复合句。

复合句根据从句在句中的作用可分为：名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。

二、英语动词的时态1.动词的时态英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的，不同的时态有不同的变化形式，以do为例，列表如下：一般进行完成完成进行现在时does/do am/is/are + doing has/have + done has/have + been doing 过去时did was/were + doing had + done had + been doing将来时shall/will + do shall/will be +doingshall/will have +doneshall/will + have been doing*过去将来时should/would +dowould/should + bedoing*should/would +have done*would/should + have beendoing*“时态”就是通过动词的形态变化，来表达动作发生的时间（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）及所处的状态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。

学府考研英语基础班-语法王国清讲义-21页word资料

1考研英语语法讲义语法，无论是对于英语学习者还是教授者而言，都是最难掌握的问题，而掌握扎实的语法无疑是学好英语的关键，尽管在研究生英语考试中并不直接涉及语法，但阅读理解，写作和翻译等试题无不体现出它的重要性。

然而，市场上种类繁多的语法书籍，大都是内容多而不精，即次重点不分，并且对于在学习过程中，大家共同反映的较有难度的语法，如非谓语动词、虚拟语气、定语从句都未能作出精辟分析，使读者看后仍不知所云。

本着这个目的，我们再次相聚考研讲堂，希望通过两天的深入学习使广大考生对语法有个彻底的了解，在今后考试中遇到相应问题能游刃有余。

一、语法知识回顾（一）基础语法知识1. 英语句子的基本句型(Basic Sentence Pattern)（1）主+系+表(SVP)（2）主+谓（不及物动词）(SV)（3）主+谓（及物动词）+宾(SVO)（4）主+谓（及物动词）+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物）(SVOO)（5）主+谓（及物动词）+宾+补足语(SVOC)2. 按照用途句子的分类（1）陈述句(Declarative Sentence)（2）疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)①一般疑问句(General Question)②特殊疑问句(Special Question)③选择疑问句(Alternative Question)④反意疑问句 (Tag Question)（详见“考研英语语法重难点精解”中的反意疑问句）（3）祈使句（Imperative Sentence）（4）感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence）3. 按照结构句子分类(Division by Structure)（1）简单句（Simple Sentence）只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子称为简单句：（2）并列句（Compound Sentence）用并列连词（或分号、冒号、逗号）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子叫并列句（3）复合句（Complex Sentence）由关联词把一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句联系在一起所构成的句子称为复合句，也称为主从复合句，复合句根据关联词在句中的作用可分为如下类型：①名词性从句（Noun Clause）（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）②状语从句（Adverbial Clause）（详见“考研英语语法重难点精解”中状语从句）（二）重点语法回顾1、主谓一致(Subject-verb Agreement)一致是指句子成份间或词语间必须在人称、数、性等方面保持一致关系，一致这一语言现象在日常应用及各类英语考试中出现较多，最主要的一致关系是主谓一致。

硕士英语Unit1 讲义

1. Nothing comes easy.1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。

）2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

3）表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。

He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。

4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。

5）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如：He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。

6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。

His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。

02语法讲义-简单句【完整版】

考研语法（英语一）田静 Shadow第一部分简单句第一章简单句的核心第一节简单句的核心构成简单句的核心构成n. + v.主语谓语11谓语v.分类1.有实义（1）不及物动词 vi.→主谓（2）及物动词 vt.→主谓宾→主谓双宾→主谓宾补2.无实义→（连）系动词→主系表●主谓Everybody else loses.(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part B)Smaller species survived.(2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)●主谓宾Everybody loves a fat pay rise.(2005, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Yet science has a cultural history, too...(2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)Several of his staff members have military‐intelligence backgrounds. (2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)●主谓双宾They gave justices permanent positions...(2012, Use of English)… railroads charged all customers the same average rate... (2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)They gave permanent positions to justices ...●主谓宾补You always keep your eyes open ...(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)The spooks call it "open source intelligence," ...(2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)●主系表“这是一个危险的游戏。

(完整word版)考研英语语法基础讲义

考研英语语法基础讲义一、简单句和并列句1. 简单句的五种形式:（1）主语+谓语（不及物动词)；（2）主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语；（3）主语+谓语+宾语+补语；（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；（5)主语+系动词+表语。

两类系动词：①be动词；②一些实义动词用作系动词：feel, taste， smell等；2。

并列句：一个句子当中包含两个或更多互不相依存的主谓结构，中间用一些连接词连接起来的句子.并列句不能只用逗号隔开，而要用连接词连接。

连接词：（1）并列关系句型：连接词有and， as well as， either…or…，neither…nor…,not only…but also…eg： Last year I met Kate and we became friends.Either my uncle can do it， or my aunt can do it。

（2）转折概念并列句型：转折词有buteg： It has no mouth， but it can talk。

（3）对比关系的并列句型：eg: He liked sports， while I would rather collect stamps.练习：2009年6月阅读Cerling‘s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences。

（简单句)Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable， but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes. （并列句）简单句和并列句是复合句的基础。

二、句子成分句子六大成分：主谓宾、定状表。

主语、宾语和表语：通常由代词或者名词构成，定语：修饰名词；状语:修饰形容词或者动词；表语：接在系动词后面;(一）。

语法讲义--长难句分析完整版

断开长难句：分析主谓 – 练习 That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. (2018, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
I don’t think people are capable of that anymore. (2016, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)
断开长难句 – 考场攻略攻略 1：先找从句，但先看主句
攻略 2：不要纠结从句
… when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. (2015, Translation)
On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. (2018, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
断开长难句：标点/连接词 – 练习 Twenty‐seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty‐seven were told only that some were electrified. (2018, Use of English)
(2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after பைடு நூலகம்e has turned it on. (英语一, 2012, Reading Comprehension, Part B)

02语法讲义- 长难句【完整版】

考研语法（英语一）第一部分：简单句第二部分：长难句第三部分：长难句分析n.+v. n.+v. n.+v. n.+v.conj. conj. conj.简单句→并列句复合句第一章：并列句一、并列句的构成多个简单句+并列连词表示顺接的并列连词含义… and … both … and … “…… 和 ……” （两者都）not only … but … as well not only … but also … not only … but … “不但……而且……” （意思同“……和……”）（一）表示顺接的并列连词The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind. (2007, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)表示转折的并列连词含义… but …… yet …“……但是……”（二）表示转折的并列连词The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. (2002, Translation)表示选择的并列连词含义… or … either … or … “……或者……” （二选一）neither … nor … “既不……也不……”（两个都不选）（三）表示选择的并列连词表示因果的并列连词含义…for… “……因为……” …so… “……所以……”（四）表示因果的并列连词Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.(2001, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)二、并列句的省略The program keeps track of your progress and provides detailed feedback on your performance and improvement.(2014, Use of English)… the peoples… died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part B)But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations… and feeling the strain.(2008, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)… the federal government must support job training programs, raise the minimum wage, and fund more low‐cost housing.(2006, Use of English)Humility requires you to recognize weakness in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side.(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part B)并列句‐练习We neither understand nor respect each other...(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part B)They cross‐check sources and prefer news from different perspectives...(2018, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)… the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it.(2008, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)Formerly it lasted three days, but by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. (2016, Use of English)In Europe, taxes account for up to four‐fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.(2002, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)并列句 – 考场攻略攻略：找到并列句省略的部分You can become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four.(2011, Reading Comprehension, Part B)He visited the casino , lost the $20 and left.(2006, Reading Comprehension, Part B)第二部分长难句第二章：复合句＝主句＋从句第一节名词性从句第二节定语从句第三节状语从句宾语从句（一）宾语从句的含义（二）宾语从句的写法1. 陈述句变宾语从句These figures are conservative.↓Dr. Worm acknowledges (that) these figures are conservative.(2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)We believe consumers should have more control.(2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)2. 特殊疑问句变宾语从句Where did we put the keys just a moment ago?↓We suddenly can’t remember where we put the keys just a moment ago.(2014, Use of English)3. 一般疑问句变宾语从句Are other clients going to abandon me, too?↓I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too…(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? (2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)（二）宾语从句的写法总结• Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.• We suddenly can’t remember where we put the keys just a moment ago, ...• I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too…（三）宾语从句的位置This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells...(2005, Use of English)… users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.(2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)This and other similar cases raise the question of whether there is still a line between the court and politics.(2012, Use of English)… he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.(2008, Reading Comprehension, Part C)（三）宾语从句的位置：非谓语动词＋从句You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to. (2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)宾语从句后置，it形式宾语That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be accepted as impartial judgments.(2012, Use of English)表语从句（一）表语从句的含义（二）表语从句的写法Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.(2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin.”(2006, Reading Comprehension, Part B)主语从句（一）主语从句的含义（二）主语从句的写法That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.(2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)What motivated him… was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”…(2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.(2013, Reading Comprehension, Part B)（三）主语从句的位置It did not matter what was done in the experiment...(2010, Use of English)It is done + 主语从句（表达人们对一件事的观点看法）This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: ...(2013, Reading Comprehension, Part B)It is + adj./n. + 主语从句（表达对一件事的评价）It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become...(2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere.(2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)同位语从句（一）同位语从句的含义（二）同位语从句的写法Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.(2012, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.(2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)（三）同位语从句的位置抽象名词后：idea, opinion, fact, evidence, question, doubt, reason, theory, belief, possibility, chance, hope, contention, guarantee…Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”(2011, Reading Comprehension, Part C)名词性从句 – 练习In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel... (2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. (2016, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.(2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it...(2005, Use of English)But what we forget… is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain.(2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)名词性从句 – 考场攻略攻略1：找到从句But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously.(2005, Reading Comprehension, Part A, Text2)An awareness that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough to alter workers’ behavior by itself.(2010, Use of English)攻略2：判断从句On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.(2009, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)… Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.(2004, Translation)第二部分长难句第二章：复合句＝主句＋从句第一节名词性从句第二节定语从句第三节状语从句定语从句一. 定语从句的概述先行词=关系词Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment.↓ ↓Law is a discipline. A discipline encourages responsible judgment.二. 定语从句的写法先行词关系词事/物 which/that人 who / whom / thatwhose人／物（表示人或物的所有关系，“某人的／某物的”）时间 when地点 where原因 why1.先行词是事／物，关系词选择which／thatTeachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience.(2003, Use of English)Furthermore, the legal system and the events ___ ___ occur within it are primary subjects for journalists.(2007, Translation)2. 先行词是人，关系词选择who／whom／thatIn France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimesearn more voting rights in a company.(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Retailers ___ ___ master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby.(2010, Reading Comprehension, Part B)3. 先行词是人／物，表示人或物的所有关系，关系词选择whoseIt also pledged to not deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights. (2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those ______ surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time ____ __ high‐quality arts criticism could be found in most big‐city newspapers. (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)4. 先行词是时间，关系词选择whenIt is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high‐quality arts criticism could be found in most big‐city newspapers.(2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)5. 先行词是地点，关系词选择whereToday, we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are all available on our smartphones.(2019, Use of English)6. 先行词是原因，关系词选择whyThe other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild‐like ownership structure of the business.(2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)关于定语从句关系词的注意事项：• 定语从句的关系词每一个都作成分，包括that。

英语语法讲义(精简版)

英语语法讲义（精简纲要版）第一章：词类、句子成分、基本句型、构词法（英语的树干，语法分析的精髓）一、词类1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。

如：boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange.2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。

如：who,she,you,it.3、形容词(adj.)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。

如：good,right,white,orange.4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。

如：one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。

如：am,is,are,have,see.6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。

如：now,very,here,often,quietly.7、冠词(art.)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。

如：a,an,the.8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。

如in,on,from,above,behind.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。

如and,but,before.10、感叹词(interj.)：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。

如：oh,well,hi,hello.二、句子成分【重点掌握英语基本句型中的涉及到的六大成分：主谓宾；定状补】1、主语句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。

通常用名词或代词担任。

如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。

主要．．由动词担任。

【思考】：动词等于谓语吗？如：Jack cleans the room every day.(杰克每天打扫房间)Lily is beautiful.(莉莉是漂亮的)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。

考研英语：2021考研语法讲义——第一阶段(1)

2
韦林考研英语语法讲义
练习： ① 我们的音乐老师教得很好。 ② 她高兴地走进我的房间。 ③ 今年暑假你们打算乘飞机旅行。
翻译： ① ② ③
2. 主语+谓语+宾语
简单例句： ① We love China. ② Tom speaks Chinese quite well. ③ They enjoyed themselves very much last night. ④ Li Yang put the book into his bag. ⑤ He thought about the problem for a few moments. ⑥ Mother put off going to see the doctor. ⑦ Li Tiantian tried to find the answer. ⑧ I haven't decided whether to go or not.
1. 主语+谓语
该句型的谓语动词是不及物动词，本身意思完整，不需要带宾语。简单例句： ① We study hard. ② The red sun rises in the east. ③ The Second World War broke out in 1939. ④ The boy looked out of the window. ⑤ The book sells well. ⑥ They worked day and night.
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（复合宾语）
常见的带复合宾语的动词有：
eg：They appointed john chairman.
简单例句： ① We elected Liu Lei our monitor. ② The news made him unhappy. ③ I told him to open the window. ④ You should not let him go there alone. ⑤ We watched the train leaving the station. ⑥ I had the bike repaired. ⑦ I feel it very pleasant to be with your family.

1.英语语法讲义-导学

MBA大师跟学团英语专属系统课考研英语语法导学主讲老师：王丽微信公众号关注【王丽考研英语】获取考研英语备考最新独家资料跟学团专属讲义1.考研英语语法1.1传统语法学习弊端①求全、求细，未能突出重点②过于强调语法规则1.2考研英语（二）题型分布1.3考研英语语法定义：考研英语语法是帮助我们读懂英文句子、写出英文句子的语法！1.4考研英语语法—阅读角度●解决问题1：单词都认识，句子却看不懂！（PS:本节课对此语法点不做学习要求，后面王老师会给大家详细讲解哦~）I find it surprising to see so many people here.●解决问题2：只要有些单词不认识，句子就看不懂！（PS:本节课对此语法点不做学习要求，后面王老师会给大家详细讲解哦~）The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of56 works by Damien Hirst,Beautiful Inside My Head Forever,at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th,2008.(2010,阅读A,Text1)1.5考研英语语法—写作角度●解决问题1：单词都知道，句子总写错！①锻炼有益于你的健康。

典型错误：Do exercises is good for your health.②有些人喜欢这本书，然而，另一些人讨厌它。

典型错误：Some people like this book,however,others don’t like it.③她进步很大，因为她努力学习。

典型错误：She has improved greatly.Because she works very hard.跟学团专属讲义解决问题2：句子太简单，难以冲高分！①他已经通过了考试。

考研英语语法精讲讲义——屠皓民

考研英语语法精讲讲义北京新东方学校国内部屠皓民总述1. 考研语法的重要性2. 考研语法有哪些简单句20%并列句10%三大从句60%特殊句法10%3. 考研语法怎么考直接考查（1）完形填空The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener ___ interfere with his comprehension.A. whoB. asC. whichD. what分析：The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener ___ interfere with his comprehension.used by the speaker 分词结构充当the words 的修饰定语；句子的主体结构为the words may stir up unfavorable reactions；填空部分引导从句修饰名词reactions（2）书面表达语言多样化The boy is standing there. He was praised by the teacher.The boy who was praised by the teacher is standing there.间接考查（1）理解阅读理解文章，对比选项帮助理解阅读理解People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.”句子主体：People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption”（2）分析翻译部分长句完成翻译考题中的句子分析Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own.语言考点：部分倒装+定语从句第一讲定语从句It is Liu Yinan.Liu Yinan likes playing volleyball.用who替代指代人的相同名词who引导的句子放在相同名词的后面It is Liu Yinan who likes playing volleyball. （who代替Liu Yinan）He enjoys reading newspapers.Newspapers can tell him a lot of knowledge.用which替代指代物的相同名词which引导句子放在相同名词的后面He enjoys reading newspapers which can tell him a lot of knowledge.(which替代newspapers) The boy is my brother.He helped me.= The boy who helped me is my brother.This is the mountain village.I visited it last year.= This is the mountain village which/that I visited last year.定语从句：用who/which/that等关系代词引导一个句子修饰前面的名词The factory is over there.My father worked in it ten years ago.= The factory which my father workedin ten years ago is over there.The factory in which my father worked ten years ago is over there.His father died that year.He was born in that year.= His father died that yearwhich he was born in.His father died that year in which he was born.I cannot forget the dayMy family moved into the city on that day.= I cannot forget the day which my family moved into the city on.I cannot forget the day on which my family moved into the city.His father died that year in which he was born.in which= in whichHis father died that year when he was born.I cannot forget the day on which my family moved into the city.I cannot forget the day when my family moved into the city.The factory in which my father worked ten years ago is over there.The factory where my father worked ten years ago is over there.定语从句：用who/which/that等关系代词和where/when等关系副词引导一个句子修饰前面的名词第二讲定语从句的拆分Have you heard of a pig that is nearly as smart as a human being?从句部分：that is nearly as smart as a human beingAn elephant and a mouse fell in love with each other, which is most unusual.从句部分：which is most unusual 非限定性定语从句定语从句类型非限定性定语从句He got the first prize, which is out of my expectation.限定性定语从句Have you finished the work that the teacher asked?I have a sister who is a nurse.I have a sister, who is a nurse.区别：【1】从句作用不同【2】翻译方式不同The speed at which China’s economy has been growing in the past decade is remarkable.从句部分：at which China’s economy has been growing in the past decade拆分步骤1. 圈定句中动词2. 圈定句中关系代词或关系副词3. 动词1+ 关系词+动词2关系词+ 动词1 + 动词2The child whose parents died in the car crash was left in the care of his grandparents.The first case of bird flu that was reported in Thailand captured the attention of officials from WHO. She has the confidence with which she can overcome every obstacle that she may come across in her life.第三讲定语从句的省略句子主体构成The teacher praised the boy.主谓宾The man is the professor of the university.主系表I know the girl who comes from Beijing.I know the boy who was praised by the teacher.The book which is related to the development has been published recently.当关系词在从句中充当主语时，可以省略，后面的动词发生形式变化——主动语态时，动词变成-ING形式被动语态时，动词保留过去分词形式I know the girl who comes from BJ.I often like reading short novels which were written by Hemingway.I often like reading short novels written by Hemingway.I raise a dog which is named KING.* I raise a dog named KING.I believe the candidate who made the speech in the assembly yesterday is sure to win the support.*I believe the candidate making the speech in the assembly yesterday is sure to win the support.I know the boy who was praised by the teacher.The book which is related to the development has been published recently.They lived in a house facing the south.= They lived in a house which faced the south.The workers working in the factory are well-paid.= The workers who work in the factory are well-paid.= The workers who are working in the factory are well-paid.The tie worn by our head was made in Shanghai.= The tie which is worn by our head was made in Shanghai.The book written by Wang sells well.= The book which was written by Wang sells well.第四讲定语从句真题演练America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.For a while,it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-centur y department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.”The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells.第五讲特殊句型之倒装基本句型主谓宾定状表I like watching the romantic movies in my spare time.He is a famous teacher in this university.谓语动词的助动词watch--- dowatched--- didwatches--- doeshas/have watched--- has/havehad watched--- hadcan watch --- can全部倒装——谓语动词放置在主语之前An old man lives in the city center.= In the city center lives an old man.A temple stands on the mountain.= On the mountain stands a temple.全部倒装？强调句中的地点副词或状语There goes the bus.In the city center lives an old man.Under the tress sat a wounded soldier.With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation house-holds.考研阅读全部倒装难点：分词结构的倒装(a) All kinds of sea animal bodies are buried in the deep sea.(b) Our teacher was walking at the head of the line.(a)Buried in the deep sea are all kinds of sea animal bodies.(b)Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.(a) Added to the stress is their opportunity for stress. (2008)(b) Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.部分倒装——主语和谓语动词位置不变，将谓语动词的助动词放置到主语的前面。

考研语法讲义

考研英语基础讲义考研核心语法及长难句解析第一部分简单句第一章简单句的核心第一节简单句的核心构成第二节简单句的核心变化一、谓语动词的变化1. 谓语动词的时态以上两种时态在考研真题当中，几乎不出现，建议考研的同学们不用掌握。

“完成”时态2. 谓语动词的情态情态动词的用法变体：被动语态的构成：be + done被动语态与时态的结合被动语态与情态的结合4. 谓语动词的否定5. 补充：谓语动词的强调二、主语、宾语、表语的变化（一）名词、代词作主语、宾语、表语（二）非谓语动词 doing 作主语、宾语doing 作宾语（三）非谓语动词 to do 作主语、宾语、表语to do 做主语to do 作宾语to do 作表语（四）并列多个主语／宾语／表语第二章简单句的扩展第一节词性角度的扩展一、限定词修饰名词二、形容词 adj./副词 adv.（一）形容词、副词作修饰成分（二）形容词、副词的三种比较级别一、限定词修饰名词二、形容词 adj./副词 adv.（一）形容词、副词作修饰成分（二）形容词、副词的三种比较级别三、介词短语第二节成分角度的扩展一、非谓语动词作定语/状语二、同位语／插入语第二部分长难句第一章并列句（一）并列句的构成（二）并列句的省略第二章复合句第一节名词性从句一、宾语从句二、表语从句三、主语从句四、同位语从句第二节定语从句第三节状语从句一、全部倒装第三章特殊句式第一节倒装二、部分倒装第二节强调第三节虚拟第三部分长难句分析第一章基本结构的长难句第一节分析长难句步骤一：断开第二节分析长难句步骤二：简化第二章特殊结构的长难句第一节分裂结构第二节嵌套结构第三节平行结构第三章经典长难句汇总考研语法教材全真题演练第一部分简单句第一章简单句的核心第一节简单句的核心构成●Smaller species survived. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)●More apparent reasonableness followed. (2014,Reading Comprehension, PartA Text 1)●Everybody loves a fat pay rise. (2005, Reading Comprehension, PartA, Text1)●Many students experience both varieties. (2011, Reading Comprehension, PartB)●…very few women have 15 children. (2000, Reading Comprehension, Part AText 2)●Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. (2003,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)●They gave justices permanent positions...(2012, Use of English)●… railroadscharged all customers the same average rate... (2003, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)●You always keep your eyes open...(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text1)●The spooks call it "open source intelligence,"...(2003, Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 1)●This is a dangerous game... (2005, Reading Comprehension, PartA, Text2)考研真题中常出现的系动词，总结如下：真题演练：请用下划线标出谓语动词的部分，并判断谓语动词的种类及简单句的种类。