非谓语动词用法精讲(完整版)
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2.不定式作宾语
一般情况下不定式都要to ，help可要可不 要；不定式有它自己的补语，要用it 作形式宾 语。
You needn't bother to come yourself.
They are considering what to do next.
Some who were famous in their own times
You can’t allow him to do that.
My advisor encouraged_____ a summer course to
improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking C. for me to take
等成分。
精品PPT
精品PPT
非谓语动词的形式变化
1、不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。 充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足 语、状语。 2、动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、 定语、宾语。 3、分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、 定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分
4、语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动 词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词的语态。
比 较 It is good of you to help me with my English.
你真好，帮助我学英语。 (强调you的特征=You are good to help me.) It is good for you to give up smoking.
戒烟对你有好处。 (强调的是give up smoking这一行为= For you to give up smoking is good.)
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.
Eg. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ___
in a year.
A.follows
B. followed
C. to follow
D. being followed
He was the first man to arrive and the last to 精品PPT
leave.
2 动宾关系
On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write. 星期天，他总是有许多信要写。
He can find no one to make friends with. 他找不到可交朋友的人。
①. I don't want ___ like I' m speaking ill of
anybody, but the manager' s plan is unfair.
A.to sound
B. to be sounded
C. sounding
D. to have sounded
②. I think you’ll grow ____ him when you
I saw a child fall down from the tree.
B.致使、允许类动词：let、make、 get、 have、 help、 want、wish、allow、permit、 forbid、advise、force、 consider、 expect、tell…
Eg. I could not make them understand me.
不定式各种形式的时间含义：一般式表示 动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态 的同时或之后；完成式在谓语之前；进行式强 调在谓语动词的同时；被动式是指主语是被动 关系，表示被动的动作精品。PPT
1.不定式作主语
To lose your heart means failure.
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
3 同位关系 某些抽象名词后面用不定式说明某种情况，
陈述某种事实，如：chance时机、opportunity 时机、way方式/方法、time时间、right权利、 need必要、moment片刻等。
We students should have the courage to face
any difficulty.
C．to hear
D．to have heard 精品PPT
What she wants to do most now is (to) travel abroad.
The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution. 主语的内容或性质
Cf. He is to marry Rose. 表按方案要做的事情.
精品PPT
4.不定式作定语
不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词、代
词之后，与被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关
系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系。 1 主谓关系
The future to greet us will be bright. 我们的未来会十分美好的。
精品PPT
精品PPT
非谓语动词
不定式 infinitive
动名词 gerund
分词 participle
精品PPT
一、不定式
不定式的构成是指不定式符号to 加上动词 原形，表示具体的意义，指一次性行为、动作。 不定式短语是指不定式和它的宾语或状语构成 的词组。
可充当成分: 主语, 宾语, 宾语补足语, 表语, 定语, 状语.
精品PPT
It is + 形容词 + for / of sb + 不定式结构
在"It is + 形容词 + of sb + 不定式" 结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特 征，如kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite, bold, thoughtful, honest, bad, sensible, naughty等。在“It is + 形 容词 + for sb + 不定式〞结构中，形容 词通常表示事物的性质，如important, possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, 精r品PePTasonable等。
② 、there be句型中用主动表示说话人的行为，被动 表示说话人要别人做某事。 There must be something to fear.
to be feared.
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点津坊
由于动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动 宾关系，表示动作尚未发生或有可能发生，只 用一般式。因此，如果该不定式的动词是不及 物动词，其后应有必要的介词，这种不定式也 叫反射不定式，即不定式＋介词结构，介词一 般不可省去，如：
The only thing that I want to get is the diamond necklace.
The only thing for me to get is the diamond necklace. Everything that is done needs praising. Everything to be done needs praising. Here are some books that you can read
He has no chance to精品ePPxT plain it to you.
4 修饰关系 Now it is time to begin our class. 现在是上课的时间了。
注意： ①、不定式作定语要考虑与主语的关系，主语是不定 式的逻辑主语，不定式要用主动式；反之用被动式。
He has many things to do . He wants his bike to be repaired right now.
精品PPT
Change the following into infinitives.
He was the first person that came to the
classroom this morning. He was the first person to come to the classroom this morning.
I need a pen to write with
Give me some paper to write on.
There are some thing to be grateful for.
She has a child to take care of.
There is nothing to worry about.
To do two things at a time is to do neither．
如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁 做的，可以在不定式前加一个由for 引起 的短语。 It is easy for the students to read. It will be a mistake for us to help you.
would find it difficult to achieve success today.
有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语: afford, promise, refuse, expect, hope, learn, offer, wish, want, fail, plan, agree, forget, like, prefer, decide, manage, arrange, desire, try, determine、 精品PPT
He has no friend to depend on. 他没有可依靠的朋友。
I've got a lot of things to see to this morning. 今天上午我精有品PPT许多事情要处理。
I need a pen to write with.
Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone.
精品PPT
非谓语动词的句法功能
语法特征：在句子中充当谓语以外的
各种句子成分的动词叫非谓语动词，包括
不定式、动名词、分词〔现在分词和过去
分词〕，他们没有人称和数的变化，但保
存动词的某些特征：有时态和语态的变化，
有否认式，可以带宾语、状语和补语；又
具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子
中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语
Here are some books 精品PPT for you to read
5.不定式作宾语补足语
A. 感官动词： see、watch、notice、hear、 listen to、observe、 look at、 feel. 这时不定式 不带to，并表示动作已经完成。
Eg. We often hear her sing the song at home.
The next train to arrive was from New York. 下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。
在“某人是第…位做某事的人〞固定结构中， 不定式与被修饰的词间是主谓关系，表示动作 已完成。
Edison was the first man to invent electric light.
know him better.
A．liking
B．to be like
C．to like
D．to be liking
③. I don’t know whether you happen , but
I’ m going to study in the U.S.A. this September .
Байду номын сангаас
A．to be heard B．to be hearing
精品PPT
非谓语动词使用条件
一个句子当中，已经存在一个 主句〔谓语动词〕,又没有连词的情 况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.
She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.
2.不定式作宾语
一般情况下不定式都要to ，help可要可不 要；不定式有它自己的补语，要用it 作形式宾 语。
You needn't bother to come yourself.
They are considering what to do next.
Some who were famous in their own times
You can’t allow him to do that.
My advisor encouraged_____ a summer course to
improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking C. for me to take
等成分。
精品PPT
精品PPT
非谓语动词的形式变化
1、不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。 充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足 语、状语。 2、动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、 定语、宾语。 3、分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、 定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分
4、语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动 词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词的语态。
比 较 It is good of you to help me with my English.
你真好，帮助我学英语。 (强调you的特征=You are good to help me.) It is good for you to give up smoking.
戒烟对你有好处。 (强调的是give up smoking这一行为= For you to give up smoking is good.)
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.
Eg. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ___
in a year.
A.follows
B. followed
C. to follow
D. being followed
He was the first man to arrive and the last to 精品PPT
leave.
2 动宾关系
On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write. 星期天，他总是有许多信要写。
He can find no one to make friends with. 他找不到可交朋友的人。
①. I don't want ___ like I' m speaking ill of
anybody, but the manager' s plan is unfair.
A.to sound
B. to be sounded
C. sounding
D. to have sounded
②. I think you’ll grow ____ him when you
I saw a child fall down from the tree.
B.致使、允许类动词：let、make、 get、 have、 help、 want、wish、allow、permit、 forbid、advise、force、 consider、 expect、tell…
Eg. I could not make them understand me.
不定式各种形式的时间含义：一般式表示 动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态 的同时或之后；完成式在谓语之前；进行式强 调在谓语动词的同时；被动式是指主语是被动 关系，表示被动的动作精品。PPT
1.不定式作主语
To lose your heart means failure.
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
3 同位关系 某些抽象名词后面用不定式说明某种情况，
陈述某种事实，如：chance时机、opportunity 时机、way方式/方法、time时间、right权利、 need必要、moment片刻等。
We students should have the courage to face
any difficulty.
C．to hear
D．to have heard 精品PPT
What she wants to do most now is (to) travel abroad.
The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution. 主语的内容或性质
Cf. He is to marry Rose. 表按方案要做的事情.
精品PPT
4.不定式作定语
不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词、代
词之后，与被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关
系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系。 1 主谓关系
The future to greet us will be bright. 我们的未来会十分美好的。
精品PPT
精品PPT
非谓语动词
不定式 infinitive
动名词 gerund
分词 participle
精品PPT
一、不定式
不定式的构成是指不定式符号to 加上动词 原形，表示具体的意义，指一次性行为、动作。 不定式短语是指不定式和它的宾语或状语构成 的词组。
可充当成分: 主语, 宾语, 宾语补足语, 表语, 定语, 状语.
精品PPT
It is + 形容词 + for / of sb + 不定式结构
在"It is + 形容词 + of sb + 不定式" 结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特 征，如kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite, bold, thoughtful, honest, bad, sensible, naughty等。在“It is + 形 容词 + for sb + 不定式〞结构中，形容 词通常表示事物的性质，如important, possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, 精r品PePTasonable等。
② 、there be句型中用主动表示说话人的行为，被动 表示说话人要别人做某事。 There must be something to fear.
to be feared.
精品PPT
点津坊
由于动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动 宾关系，表示动作尚未发生或有可能发生，只 用一般式。因此，如果该不定式的动词是不及 物动词，其后应有必要的介词，这种不定式也 叫反射不定式，即不定式＋介词结构，介词一 般不可省去，如：
The only thing that I want to get is the diamond necklace.
The only thing for me to get is the diamond necklace. Everything that is done needs praising. Everything to be done needs praising. Here are some books that you can read
He has no chance to精品ePPxT plain it to you.
4 修饰关系 Now it is time to begin our class. 现在是上课的时间了。
注意： ①、不定式作定语要考虑与主语的关系，主语是不定 式的逻辑主语，不定式要用主动式；反之用被动式。
He has many things to do . He wants his bike to be repaired right now.
精品PPT
Change the following into infinitives.
He was the first person that came to the
classroom this morning. He was the first person to come to the classroom this morning.
I need a pen to write with
Give me some paper to write on.
There are some thing to be grateful for.
She has a child to take care of.
There is nothing to worry about.
To do two things at a time is to do neither．
如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁 做的，可以在不定式前加一个由for 引起 的短语。 It is easy for the students to read. It will be a mistake for us to help you.
would find it difficult to achieve success today.
有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语: afford, promise, refuse, expect, hope, learn, offer, wish, want, fail, plan, agree, forget, like, prefer, decide, manage, arrange, desire, try, determine、 精品PPT
He has no friend to depend on. 他没有可依靠的朋友。
I've got a lot of things to see to this morning. 今天上午我精有品PPT许多事情要处理。
I need a pen to write with.
Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone.
精品PPT
非谓语动词的句法功能
语法特征：在句子中充当谓语以外的
各种句子成分的动词叫非谓语动词，包括
不定式、动名词、分词〔现在分词和过去
分词〕，他们没有人称和数的变化，但保
存动词的某些特征：有时态和语态的变化，
有否认式，可以带宾语、状语和补语；又
具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子
中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语
Here are some books 精品PPT for you to read
5.不定式作宾语补足语
A. 感官动词： see、watch、notice、hear、 listen to、observe、 look at、 feel. 这时不定式 不带to，并表示动作已经完成。
Eg. We often hear her sing the song at home.
The next train to arrive was from New York. 下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。
在“某人是第…位做某事的人〞固定结构中， 不定式与被修饰的词间是主谓关系，表示动作 已完成。
Edison was the first man to invent electric light.
know him better.
A．liking
B．to be like
C．to like
D．to be liking
③. I don’t know whether you happen , but
I’ m going to study in the U.S.A. this September .
Байду номын сангаас
A．to be heard B．to be hearing
精品PPT
非谓语动词使用条件
一个句子当中，已经存在一个 主句〔谓语动词〕,又没有连词的情 况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.
She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.