高考英语复习热点05 完形填空(新高考)-2021年高考英语【热点重点难点】专练(原卷版)

热点05 完形填空
【命题趋势】
在一篇250词左右的短文中留出十五个空白(原来是二十个)，要求考生从四个词性或结构相同的备选
项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。

本题型被选项涉及动词、名词、形容词、词组和副词，虽然不涉及近义词辨析，但要牢记词汇基本词义并注意熟词新意。

本题型旨在考查考生在短文中出现的语境、逻辑、固定搭配、行文习惯、文化习惯情况下灵活、准确使用词汇、词组的能力。

【满分技巧】
解题时要考虑的要点:
在准确把握、筛选所有备选项词义的情况下，考虑如下几点：
A. 考虑上下文的联系
本题型所设的空白绝大部分与上下文有联系。

这种联系可通过相互暗示、重复、注释、同义或反义词、褒贬等线索体现出来。

B. 考虑上下文语境
是否符合语境是确定答案必须考虑的方面。

语境通过逻辑、语气等体现。

C. 考虑固定搭配、行文习惯、文化习惯以及常识、常理。

【技巧应用】
下面以《2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）》为例来阐述《满分技巧》的实际应用：
A. 原题
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his
second_____21_____. He learned the value and beauty of ____22____ there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something ____23____ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the ____24____ it caused had driven away a number of birds. ____25____, the number of snakes had declined as well. He ____26____ that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the ____27____. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek ____28____ during the daytime. He turned to the ____29____ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and _____30_____a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
____31____ young plants in the dry season was ______32______for a lone boy. Molai built at the
_____33_____ of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes
to______34______ rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.
Molai _____35_____ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
21. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
22. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
23. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
24. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
25. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
26. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
27. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
28. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
29. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
30. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
31. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
32. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
33. A. back B. top C. foot D. side
34. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect
35. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。

Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。

16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。

树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。

Molai决定改变这一切，他经过
努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。

在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许
多动植物的家园。

【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。

A. dream梦想；B. job工作；C. home家；D. choice选择。

根据空前的second可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。

故选C。

【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。

A. nature自然；B. youth青春，年轻；C. culture文化；D. knowledge知识。

湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。

故选A。

【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意:16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。

A. precious宝贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。

该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。

这些情况都不正常，令人不安。

故选C。

【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。

A. waste废物；B. tension紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。

洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。

故选D。

【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。

句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。

A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。

根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。

而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。

故选A。

【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。

A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predicted预测。

Molai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。

故选B。

【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。

A. noise噪音；B. heat热；C. disease疾病；D. dust尘土。

根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。

故选B。

【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意:当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。

A. directions方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help帮助；D. shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。

树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。

故选D。

【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。

A. labor劳动；B. police警察；C. forest森林；D. finance财政，金融。

根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可知，Molai 想要种树，所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。

故选C。

【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意:然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。

A. rebuilt重建；B. discovered发现；C. left离开；D. managed设法做成。

根据前面的”looking on his own”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他”发现”了一个小岛。

故选B。

【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。

A. Decorating装饰；B. Observing观察到；C. Watering浇水；D. Guarding守卫。

该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。

再结合该句中的“the dry season”可知，在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。

故选C。

【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。

A. tough困难的；B. illegal非法的；C. fantastic极好的；D. beneficial有益的。

根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。

故选A。

【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。

A. back背部；B. top顶端；C. foot脚；D. side一边，一侧。

根据该段最后一句“The water would then drip on the plants below”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。

由此推知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的”顶端”。

故选B。

【34题详解】
考查动词(短语)辨析。

句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。

A. cool down冷却下来；B. keep off与……保持距离；C. purify净化，使纯净；D. collect 收集。

根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。

由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。

故选D。

【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意:在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。

A. returned返回；B. learned学会；C. failed失败；D. continued继续。

根据后一句可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。

由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他“继续”种树。

故选D。

【热点话题】阅读、健康、运动、社会热点、垃圾分类等
【限时检测】（建议用时：40分钟）
A
(山东省2021届高三上学期期中考试英语试题（新高考）)
话题：如何战胜困难难度：★★★建议用时：7分钟
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Pennsylvania is full of mysterious places! One of those is an old turnpike （收费高速公路）___41___ for decades. My dad loves history, and he learned it was open to the public. ___42___, when I was 14, we took a bike trip to ___43___ this road!
My dad chose a 16-mile ___44___ of the road for us to ride. Part of it included an old tunnel called Sideling Hill which is over a mile long! To ___45___, we checked our tires and made sure our lights had batteries. In the morning, we loaded our bikes into the car and set off. As we approached the tunnel, I felt ___46___ as it was absolutely black inside! But Dad encouraged me. He said he would be beside me. He reminded me to stay
___47___ and keep my light on!
When we ___48___ the tunnel, the sound of our bikes was heard through the darkness. I shined my flash light around and saw walls ___49___in graffiti （涂鸦）.And I felt like I was being _____50_____! I was pretty scared, but _____51_____ on following Dad helped me relax. After riding half-way through, I could see light coming from the other end, motivating me to keep going. And I was so delighted to ride out into the bright afternoon!
Whenever going through _____52_____ in life, I remember this trip. It reminds me that my father is always beside me. He turns on the light of hope in my _____53_____, as well as gives me _____54_____ to keep riding through life's _____55_____ tunnels.
41. A. designed B. destroyed C. abandoned D. locked
42. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
43. A. explore B. construct C. protect D. repair
44. A. tunnel B. section C. block D. course
45. A. participate B. register C. cooperate D. prepare
46. A. excited B. nervous C. annoyed D. exhausted
47. A. silent B. curious C. cautious D. positive
48 A. approached B. observed C. constructed D. entered
49. A. covered B. buried C. absorbed D. dressed
50. A. forced B. watched C. abused D. judged
51. A. depending B. surviving C. calling D. focusing
52. A. accidents B. hardships C. regulations D. incidents
53. A. chest B. trip C. work D. heart
54. A. courage B. pride C. excitement D. enthusiasm
55. A. difficult B. distant C. dark D. long
B
(鄂州市部分高中联考协作体2020高三上学期调研)
话题：有关乌鸦的故事难度：★★★建议用时：6分
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

I’d planned to spend my weekend in the sun, enjoying flowers outdoors. But that was 41 the pair of disgusting crows(乌鸦) arrived. Out of nowhere, they had set up their base 42 in our backyard.
We first 43 our feathered enemies on Friday morning. It was early, and the sound the birds made 44 through our neighborhood. I figured they’d 45 soon. But, no. They were getting louder and probably 46 my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise. I admit I got a little 47 .
Then, on Sunday afternoon, I saw our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground. I went to 48 and found a small coal-black bird in the grass. Its eyes were milky, and it stayed perfectly 49 as my dog walked towards it. Only when Quatchi 50 his nose to its head did it walk away. I 51 the dog inside and came back with my camera.
It never occurred to me that the young would be hanging out on the ground, growing and gaining 52 as its parents guarded it from above. The second I saw this little creature I 53 the crows.
To be honest, I’ve never been much of a bird person. And I wish they’d chosen another backyard. But I’m also 54 that I got to see this little bit of nature unfold up close. It’s pretty amazing.
The experience has also 55 my desire to create a beautiful backyard garden that attracts lots of bees, butterflies, and yes, birds. They are welcome here.
41．A．after B．when C．until D．before
42．A．organization B．camp C．business D．trap
43．A．accepted B．drove C．discovered D．invited
44．A．traveled B．flew C．ran D．flowed
45．A．sing B．fight C．fall down D．quiet down 46．A．attracting B．annoying C．frightening D．amusing
47．A．excited B．amazed C．curious D．desperate
48．A．prevent B．defend C．explore D．assist
49．A．cold B．enthusiastic C．still D．friendly
50．A．touched B．threw C．pointed D．connected
51．A．awarded B．locked C．praised D．fed
52．A．strength B．pity C．advantage D．freedom
53．A．hated B．respected C．admired D．forgave
54．A．pitiful B．grateful C．painful D．careful
55．A．discouraged B．ensured C．strengthened D．Proved
C
（三湘名校教育联盟五市十校教研教改共同体2021届高三11月大联考）
话题：爱的传递难度：★★★建议用时：6分钟
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

On my third birthday, we moved to this neighborhood. Arlene and her husband, Bill, lived next door, who had no children. There weren't any _ 41 my age nearby, so I mostly played in the yard alone. Arlene and Bill spent a lot of time working in the 42 , and I was always talking to them from our yard. They were never tired of listening to me. I think what 43 me to them is that I also think they saw a lot of themselves in me- we were all lonely kids. It was a wonderful 44 .
When I was about five, I had an idea 45 I took Bill and Arlene into our family as my grandparents. My parents made the 46 that I should ask them directly and so I did. They started crying and 47 accepted. It is truly wonderful for a child 48 her love and adults being so overjoyed to accept it. Every child in this world 49 enthusiastically repaid love.
From the day I accepted them, I called Bill and Arlene Grandpa and Grandma and my parents called them Mom and Dad. Over the years, Bill and Arlene 50 me in all my dreams. They encouraged me to 51 college, even though I didn't have the money to go. And when I was 52 to a university, they presented me with their savings. They told me they’d been 53 money since the day I called them grandparents. Four years later, I 54 and now work as an official.
Arlene passed away in 2013. Bill told me that Arlene thought the greatest 55 of her life was me, her granddaughter.
41. A. relatives B. friends C. classmates D. kids
42. A. farm B. factory C. garden D. office
43. A. introduced B. urged C. left D. drew
44. A. occasion B. connection C. performance D. conversation
45. A. if only B. even if C+ as though D. how come
46. A. change B, rule C. proposal D. mistake
47. A. modestly B. honestly C. emotionally D. peacefully
48. A. offering B. concerning C. obtaining D. managing
49. A. presents B. deserves C. denies D. demands
50. A. supported B. impressed C. comforted D. persuaded
51. A. apply for B. move to C. give up D. look into
52.A. used B. admitted C. known D. limited
53. A. handing out B. turning in C. taking over D. putting away
54. A. graduated B. regretted C. quitted D. hesitated
55. A. discrimination B. achievement C. responsibility D. happiness
D
（2020·辽宁中山·大连二十四中高三其他）
话题：作者对儿子的担忧和愿望难度：★★★建议用时：7分
A parent’s hopes for 2030
When 2010 arrived, my son was only a year old—tiny and 1 , the master of a few basic words, but still mostly the baby we'd welcomed into the world, 2 all his first times.
Now my baby has grown into a(n) 3 —tall, strong, stout, and smart, a(n) 4 of Akira Kurosawa
samurai movies.
A 5 from now, in 2030, he will be an adult. I expect the next 10 years to fly by, and be filled with
6 . As 2020 begins. I am thinking about the kind of world my son will
7 and experience. I
8 for him, and for all the young people of his age. So I have several
9 for the world my son and his generation will live in：
I hope we finally get 10 about climate change. Polar ice is melting. The oceans are 11 . The question is 12 whether we can stop climate change, but whether we’re willing and able to do anything to 13 it.
I’m not sure what a warming planet will mean for my son's life. I 14 it means he will live in a world where nations and groups 15 limited resources like clean water and food, which means that the danger of climate change won't come just from warmer climate, but from other humans competing for control over what’s 16 .
The world is always going to be full of 17 about how to solve the challenges we face. I hope, too, that my son’s generation learns to 18 justice—but to do so with big heart and humility, recognizing our common humanity(人性) even with people who 19 us.
The world of 2030 won’t build itself. We are 20 it now, so my final wish is that we build the kind of world we actually want our children to live in.
1．A．special B．generous C．intelligent D．dependent
2．A．observing B．showing C．presenting D．congratulating
3．A．athlete B．adolescent C．adult D．kid
4．A．fun B．sponsor C．lover D．reader
5．A．interval B．century C．span D．decade
6．A．amusements B．experiences C．processes D．changes
7．A．found B．struggle C．face D．shake
8．A．worry B．sacrifice C．guess D．promise
9．A．plans B．methods C．hopes D．tips
10．A．particular B．serious C．optimistic D．enthusiastic
11．A．raising B．rising C．growing D．arising
12．A．for sure B．as usual C．no longer D．till now
13．A．slow B．record C．accept D．undertake
14．A．suspect B．astonish C．wonder D．declare
15．A．pick up B．fight over C．turn down D．take part
16．A．finished B．continued C．remained D．left
17．A．goals B．signs C．disagreements D．results
18．A．escape B．express C．seek D．affect
19．A．differ from B．agree with C．refer to D．call for
20．A．blaming B．admiring C．proving D．creating
E
话题：美国初创公司如何帮助贫困地区的人民难度：★★★建议用时：7分钟（2020·安徽高三二模）Rwanda is a small country in East Africa with about more than 13 million people. The landlocked country is one of the fastest growing economies in Africa. 1 , almost half of the population still live in poverty.
Many people live in 2 where there is no doctor. Medical supplies such as 3 , vaccines (疫苗) or even blood are 4 to reach these areas.
Zipline, an American start-up company, now helps people in remote areas to get better 5 . A multinational team of engineers has been 6 to build a drone (无人机) that can deliver medicine to where it is most needed.
Rwanda is where their plans have been met with 7 from the government and the country’s civil aviation (民用航空) authority.
“Rwanda is the first country to 8 us through the design process of the drone to figure out how to do this,” said Keenan Wyrobek, a 9 of Zipline.
If a hospital or a 10 is in an area that is difficult to 11 , the Zipline drone can deliver the medical supplies easily and much quicker than via road transport.
Doctors or healthcare workers just need to send a 12 to the base station and the delivery will be dispatched (派遣) via drone quickly and 13 . So the vital supplies are dropped off by the drone where the items are 14 . Now it only takes 30 minutes from the time the 15 is placed to the delivery.
“I used to see the drones fly and think they must be 16 until the same drone came to me and saved my 17 . They are amazing,” said Alice Mutimutuje, a mother who fell seriously ill once.
The drones have already successfully completed more than 12,000 18 in the last years. In January 2019,
the company 19 their project in Africa and the 29 million people in the West Africa Ghana will soon benefit from this new 20 , too.
1．A．Otherwise B．Therefore C．However D．Moreover
2．A．botanic gardens B．city centres C．department stores D．remote areas
3．A．medicines B．muscles C．headaches D．thoughts
4．A．likely B．difficult C．enough D．certain
5．A．health care B．road conditions C．food providers D．public education 6．A．dismissed B．organized C．imitated D．defeated
7．A．approval B．curiosity C．discrimination D．strangers
8．A．catch up with B．operate on C．run away from D．work with
9．A．pilot B．doctor C．designer D．driver
10．A．school B．clinic C．grocery D．market
11．A．construct B．describe C．understand D．access
12．A．team B．message C．present D．ticket
13．A．emotionally B．patiently C．effectively D．privately
14．A．needed B．discovered C．produced D．exported
15．A．table B．file C．emphasis D．order
16．A．kind B．real C．curious D．useless
17．A．soul B．life C．children D．mother
18．A．novels B．forms C．deliveries D．applications 19．A．identified B．abandoned C．expanded D．observed
20．A．technology B．recreation C．headline D．surgeon
F
话题：公司留住老客户的重要性难度：★★★建议用时：7分钟（2020·浙江绍兴·高三一模）Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining(留住) customers. It sounds 1 and achievable. But, 2 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 3 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become 4 . They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— 5 that the customer
remains a customer.
6 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 percent of its customers every year. In constantly changing
7 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any
8 how many customers they have lost.
Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 9 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 10 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five percent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 11 increases of between 25 and 85 percent.
In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a 2 customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 13 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 14 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).
The logic behind cultivating customer 15 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 16 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a 17 relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 18 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 19 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 20 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.
1．A．simple B．difficult C．tough D．complicated
2．A．in particular B．in reality C．at least D．first of all
3．A．emphasize B．doubt C．overlook D．believe
4．A．carried away B．carried back C．carried on D．carried through
5．A．denying B．ensuring C．arguing D．proving
6．A．Moving B．Hoping C．Starting D．Failing
7．A．markets B．tastes C．prices D．expenses
8．A．thought B．idea C．opinion D．view
9．A．culture B．social C．financial D．economical
10．A．promise B．plan C．mistake D．difference
11．A．cost B．opportunity C．profit D．budget 12．A．usual B．ordinary C．common D．regular 13．A．as a result B．on the whole C．in conclusion D．on the contrary 14．A．huge B．potential C．extra D．reasonable 15．A．beliefs B．loyalty C．habits D．interest 16．A．altering B．understanding C．keeping D．attracting 17．A．close B．distant C．deep D．shallow 18．A．Assumed B．Respected C．Established D．Unexpected 19．A．agreeable B．flexible C．friendly D．sensitive 20．A．unfair B．difficult C．essential D．convenient。