中考英语阅读理解解题技巧(福建)

知识要点：
1、了解中考阅读理解的文章体裁
2、中考阅读理解题型分析与解题技巧
1.了解中考阅读理解的文章体裁
中考阅读理解文章的体裁主要有四类：记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文。

1）、记叙文
叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主，对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中，或顺序或倒序。

2）、说明文
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理而给人知识的文章体裁。

3)、应用文
所谓应用文是人们在生活、学习、工作中为处理实际事物而写作，有着实用性特点，并形成惯用格式的文章。

4）、议论文
议论文是对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。

2.中考阅读理解题型分析与解题技巧
一般来说，阅读理解题型设计，大致可以分为以下几种题型：
A. 主旨大意型；
B.细节理解型；
C.词义猜测型；
D.推理判断型
A.主旨大意题
主旨大意题的常见的提问形式：
The best title for this passage may be …
This is a passage about …
What is the main idea of this passage?
The passage mainly tells us about …
The writer wrote the passage in order to …
技巧解析：主旨大意题主要考查对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。

寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。

因此，在做题时，要注意每段的主题句。

抓住主题句，就不难确定文章的中心思想。

寻找主题句的方法：
1.认真阅读文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句子。

2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。

抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。

Example :
（2010，龙岩）
There are many different ways to travel to Paris from London. One of the quickest and most popular ways is by train. From Waterloo Railway Station, you can travel all the way to Paris. The journey takes about three hours. The train, called the Eurostar, is very modern, and the seats are comfortable.
You can also travel to France by ship. ……
Another way to travel to Paris is by plane. ……
80. The passage mainly tells us about_______.
A. different ways traveling from London to Paris
B. international flights from London to Paris
C. buses stopping at Ferry Terminal Seven in Dover
主题句出现在段首：
在议论文和说明文中，一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证或说明细节。

（2008，厦门）
Every 30 seconds there is an earthquake. But don't worry because most are so weak that they cannot be. felt. Only a few big ones hurt people.
Many earthquakes happened in China, such as the big one in Sichuan last month.
Thousands of people died in it. So it's important to know what to do when one hits. Here are some tips on how to stay safe in an earthquake.
1. If you are indoors during an earthquake, hide (躲藏) under a desk. Stay away from
windows and anything that could fall on you.
……
69. The best title of this passage is "_________".
A. How dangerous the earthquake is
B. How to be safe during an earthquake
C. Don't be afraid of the earthquake
主题句也可能出现在段尾：
作者先摆出事实依据，或者提出问题，然后层层推进，提出解决方法，然后后文再进一步详述。

本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现，是全文的主题句，下文按照主题句进行展开。

（2011，泉州）
We’ve talked about snails (蜗牛) and their slow move. But much of the time snails don’t move at all. They are in their shells (壳) —sleeping.
Hot sun will dry out a snail’s body. So at the least sign of hot sun, a snail draws its body into his shell. A snail will die in a heavy rain. So when it rains, a snail does the same thing, too. A snail can sleep for as long as it needs to. It spends all the winter months in its shell, asleep.
In the spring the snail wakes up. Its body, about three inches long, comes out from the shell. When hungry, the snail looks for food. Its eyes, at the end of the top feelers (触角), are very weak. But its sense (感觉) of smell is very strong. It helps the snail to find food and the new greens.
A snail’s mouth is no bigger than the point of a pin (大头针). Yet it has 256,000 teeth! The teeth
are very small, and you can’t see them. If you put a snail in a hard paper box, it will eat its way out! And if a snail wears out its teeth, it will grow new ones.
文章的主题也可能以高频词的形式出现。

2011年泉州中考卷中并没有出现明确的主题句，但细看之下会发现，文章中“snail”这个词出现的频率高达13次，是整篇文章中出现频率最高的词汇。

snail既是文章说明的对象，又是文章的主题。

[Practice]
A
In every little girl’s toy box, there might be a Barbie Doll. Barbie is 50 years old this year. It was designed in 1959 by an American businesswoman named Ruth Handler. She and her husband Elliott started the toy company Mattel. She named the new doll after their daughter Barbara. The first Barbie Doll appeared at the toy fair (交易会) New York on March 9th, 1959. This date is used as Barbie’s birthday.
Mattel sold three hundred thousand Barbie Dolls in the first year at a price of three dollars. Today, a fifty-year-old Barbie in good condition might cost more than twenty-seven thousand dollars. Mattel says 90% of the girls inthe United States aged from three to ten own at least one Barbie Doll. And girls aged three to six own an average (平均) of about twelve.
When Mattel created Barbie Dolls half a century ago, they never thought this doll would become a legend. Now Barbie Dolls are famous all over the world. They are sold in one hundred and fifty countries, and every second three Barbie Dolls are sold around the world.
65. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Barbie’s birthday
B. Barbie Dolls
C. A lovely girl named Barbie
D. Why are Barbies popular
B
……
School life should be some of the best and happiest days of our lives.We shouldn’t waste this wonderful time. Don’t say things are difficult and boring. Don’t be too disappointed if things sometimes go badly. Don’t let small problems seem very big. Be confident, go and play sports, work on a project, or help someone with problems. There are always a lot of things to do to relax yourself and make you happy.
60. What can we learn from the passage?
A. How to get high scores.
B. How to be relaxed and happy.
C. How to make friends with foreigners.
B.细节理解题
细节理解题常用的设问方式：
Which of the following statement is true?
Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
Which of the following is not the result of…?
技巧解析：
细节理解题大多是根据文章中的具体信息进行提问的。

这类题目一般可以直接或者间接在文中找到答案。

做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，即关键词或关键句，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。

特别要注意年代和数字、大写的人名和地名、比较级与最高级、以及表示因果的词汇等。

是非判断的题目一般出现在同一段落或相邻段落中，做题时需要仔细阅读某些段落。

Example：
（2011，莆田）
Tea, coffee and cocoa are three major drinks all over the world. Tea is drunk by the largest number of people in the world. Tea, as well as silk and porcelain, began to be known by the world over a thousand years ago and has been an important Chinese export since then.
Tea has a history of over 4 , 000 years and China is the home of tea. In ancient China, tea was used as a kind of medicine, while nowadays people drink tea daily.
……
（）66. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Tea, cocoa and silk are important Chinese exports.
B. Tea has more than 1, 000 years of history.
C. Japan is the home of tea.
D. In ancient China, people used tea as a kind of medicine.
（2010，三明）
In the UK, a seven-year-old boy has raised £800,00 for people of the Haiti(海地)earthquake by riding his bike around his local park.
……
47. The boy has already raises __________________for people in Haiti.
A. £500
B. £600
C. £800, 000
（2009，南平）
71. What do people want to do at Sunshine Gym?
A. Lose weight.
B. Play basketball.
C. Buy books.
75. If you want to buy the book The Red and the Black now, you need to pay .
A. ￥80
B. ￥48
C. ￥36
(2011，中考模拟试题)
…….As a singer,she often has to travel abroad.But,on her first trip,she couldn’t even open her mouth to say “thank you”!She is much bolder now!
3.When Nirace first traveled abroad,_________.
A.she could speak English very well
B.she could almost say nothing in English
C.she spoke English better than now
D.she had never learned English before
[Practice]
If someone says “give me five”, do not search your pocket to get five yuan! It will make others laugh! The person is not asking for your money, but for your fingers.
In the US, “give me five” or “give me the high five” is a popular gesture. You can see it often in films or on TV. It means the slapping（拍）of raising right hands together.
People do it when they meet for the first time or something happy happens. For example, a student has good marks in exams or wins a lottery ticket（彩票）. If a football team wins a game, the players will give high fives to everyone around to celebrate.
……
61. The gesture “give me five” is the slapping of .
A. legs
B. hands
C. arms
62. “Give me five” is a gesture to .
A. celebrate success
B. ask for money
C. search one’s pocket
C.词义猜测题
常见的设问形式：
The underlined word/phrase in the passage means …
The word "…"in the first paragraph refers to…
The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means …
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the first/second/last paragraph？
技巧解析：要求正确理解短文中一些关健词、短语或句子的含义。

常用的手段是利用多种表达法、词的多义性、同近义语替换、习语释义、句型或语态转换等。

词义的猜测方法有：1）上下文间意义的联系；
2）同义关系，反义关系；
3）对词的解释和举例
Example：
（2011，三明）
……
A blog has good points，of course. People choose to write in blogs，they know that their
friends will read what they write. If you feel sad one day and write in your diary，no one will know about it. If you write the same words in your blog，your friends may quickly write back to comfort you and offer their help. Blogs help people know what their friends are doing.
……
48. The underlined word “comfort” means ________ in Chinese.
A. 责怪
B. 安慰
C. 嘲笑
（2011，厦门）
……
“I'm sorry,but don't stop me,please!”the small boy said,“It very hot today and there isn't any other shade in the street!”
……
54.The underlined word “shade”refers to a place which is _______.
A.wetter
B.cooler
C.hotter
（2009，北京）
Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that they do, called psychologists, are starting to believe it.
55. A psychologist is a person who may help you with your ______.
A. illness and abilities
B. thoughts and behaviour
C. mind and nervous system
D. physical activity and daily exercise
[Practice]
Patriotism is also something we should never forget. Patriotism means a love for one’s country. Everyone should love his country. A good youth will do the things his country asks him to do.
I think a good youth of today should also have some training in art. If everyone can enjoy art, they will enjoy their life.
……
68. The word “Patriotism” means.
A. 爱国主义
B. 责任感
C. 事业心
Most teenagers wear brand-name clothes to be in fashion and to fit in with their friends. However, not all the Gen-Z youth（青年）like the style. Some prefer blue jeans and T-shirts. They don’t feel any pressure from their friends. They just want to be themselves. They give their own opinions by not fitting in with the crowd.
52. The underlined word “ brand-name” here means “________” in Chinese.
A. 商标
B. 品牌
C. 标签
D.推理判断题
常见的设问形式：
It can be inferred from the text that
From the text we know that
The story implies that
The paragraph following the passage will most probably be
The writer’s attitude toward…is …
The author implied/suggested that …
技巧解析：这类题目有一定难度。

做题时要到文章中去找线索，抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，理解文章层次和逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会常识，作出准确的判断和推理。

有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音加以推理，才能获得正确答案。

推理时一定要以文章提供的事实为依据，不可以凭空想象，或加入个人的想法、观点。

Example：
（2010，三明）
……
I remember what made me unhappy back in my school days. I cared too much
about what other people thought of me. When I was in school, I was very shy. I had good grades(成绩), but when I spoke in class, my face went red because I knew my classmates were all looking at me. It was really terrible. Now I am going to graduate from school
and I know what my problem is. I no longer worry about what people think of me. My life is a lot more relaxed, especially in Beijing, where people laugh at me when I speak Chinese! You know Chinese is not my native language.
……
57. The writer is probably_______________.
A. a student who was born in Beijing
B. a foreigner who is studying in Beijing
C. a visitor who is visiting China
（2011，莆田）
……Here is the seven-day weather report for Putian.
( ) 62. What do you think Sam should wear when he stays in Putian?
（2009，厦门）
……
“Why are you late?” the teacher asked. “You miss the test.”“Our taxi had a flat tire,”
one of the girls said.
The teacher thought for a moment, then he said, “Sit down, one of you in each corner
of the room.”The four girls did this. Then the teacher said, “Write the answer to this question on a piece of paper: Which tire was flat?”
54. We can know from the passage that the teacher ______.
A. thought they were good students
B. didn’t believe what they said
C. gave his students too many tests
[Practice]
Several years ago, cell phones were very expensive. Only important people and people with a lot of money had them. These days, the prices have been greatly falling, and they come in small sizes and different colors. So more and more people, even high school students, have one in the hands.
It is true t hat it’s an easy way to keep in touch with friends at any time and in any place. But in places like classrooms, movie theatres, and museums, where everyone should be quiet or talk in a low voice, we can also hear the ringing. Some drivers have accidents for using cell phones when driving. Worst of all, some students who can’t pay their phone bills do something illegal to get money. So，are cell phones really a help?
( ) 3. How does the writer feel about cell phones?
A. They are really a help.
B. They harm people’s health.
C. He wants very much to know if they do people good.
D. It’s all right to use them in theatre.
[中考真题演练]
Part 1
Sally was a beautiful young girl. She needed a photo for her driving test, so she went to have her picture taken.
"I would like a photo of myself,please,"she said. "How much does it cost?"
"20 dollars for the first one, "the man said. "Then 2 dollars for each copy(复制品)."
"OK. I need two copies. " Sally passed him the money and asked,"Can you take my photo now?"
"Yes ，come this way, please."
The man took Sally into a room and asked her to sit down. Then he turned on some bright lights and took her photo. The man said,"Come back tomorrow and the photo will be ready."
The next day,Sally went back to pick up her photo.
"Your photo is ready," the man said,and gave Sally an envelope.
Sally looked at the photo. She was rather unhappy. "This photo makes me look very old,"she told the man.
The man smiled,"I wanted to save money for you"，he said. "With this photo,you don't need to have your photo taken again for many years."
根据短文内容，判断下列句子是否正确，对的涂(A)，错的涂(B)。

（10分）
61. Sally wanted to take a photo for her new job.
62. Sally paid the man 4 dollars in all.
63. The man asked Sally to pick up her photo the next day.
64. The photo made Sally look beautiful and young.
65. In fact the man tried to find an excuse(借口) for himself.
Part 2
Different countries have different customs. Take New Year for example, at 12 o'clock in Spain,you must eat 12 grapes, one for each chime(钟声)of the clock. This will bring you good luck for the year. Below, let's have a look at some interesting things in three different countries: Greece
☆lf you give someone a present,you must try to put some coins in it. That means more money will come.
☆You mustn't pass someone a knife. You should put it down and let the other person pick it up. If you pass it to somebody,you will get into a fight with that person.
The UK
☆If you see a black cat, then you'll get good luck. You can often see black cats on birthday cards and 'Good Luck? cards.
☆If you see a leaf falling in autumn,you must try to catch it. You will have a lucky year for every leaf you catch.
☆You mustn't open your umbrella inside the house or put new shoes on a table.
Thailand
☆It's good luck to dream about a snake holding you.
☆Kids can't eat chicken's feet. If they do,it may give them bad handwriting!
☆During a meal,you should never start eating before people who are older than you.
66. People in eat 12 grapes for good luck in the new year.
A. the UK
B. Greece
C. Spain
67. What should you put in the present that is given to others in Greece?
A. Some candles.
B. Some coins.
C. Some toys.
68. If you pass someone a knife in Greece,you may with that person.
A. have a fight
B. make friends
C. make peace
69. Which one is the best choice if you want to send a card to your English friend?
70. According to the passage you shouldn't .
A. open your umbrella outside the house in the UK
B. catch the falling leaves in autumn in the UK
C. start to eat before people who are older than you during a meal in Thailand
Part 3
Do you often use computers? Do you know they can be bad for some parts of your body? Computer injuries(伤害)do not happen suddenly, but slowly. Now let's learn to use a computer safely.
Your eyes
Your eyes should be at least 50 cm from the screen. Remember to look away from it sometimes. This gives your eyes a rest.
When you use a computer, the window should be on your left or your right. If it is behind you, the light will reflect(反射)on the screen. If the window is in front of you, the sun and the screen will both shine into your eyes.
Your hands and wrists(手腕)
If you use a keyboard for a long time,follow these three rules:Rest your wrists on something; Keep your elbows at the same height as the keyboard and stop sometimes to exercise your hands and wrists in a different way.
Your back
If you sit for many hours in front of a computer in the wrong way，you can injure your back or neck. So you should sit with your back straight. The top part of the screen should be in front of your eyes. If you are sitting for a long time,get up every 30 minutes and exercise your arms,legs and neck.
Enjoy your computer,but use it safely.
任务型阅读:根据短文内容，填写下列表格。

（5分）。