2021-2022学年上海市虹口区高三(上)期末英语试卷(一模)

2021-2022学年上海市虹口区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）
1.（问答题，1分）A.Colleagues.
B.Classmates.
C.Mother and son.
D.Employer and employee.
2.（问答题，1分）A.She is not feeling very well today.
B.She thinks that the weather is pleasant.
C.She has been staying up quite late recently.
D.She has been working hard for too long a time.
3.（问答题，1分）A.Lucy is not happy with the ban on pet animals.
B.Lucy might as well send her dog to her relative.
C.Lucy won't be able to keep a dog in the building.
D.Lucy should get rid of her pet as soon as possible.
4.（问答题，1分）A.He is likely to help.
B.He has already asked for help.
C.He was the last one to use the computer.
D.He does not know a lot about computers.
5.（问答题，1分）A.He will continue to work in the garden himself.
B.They should finish the work as soon as possible.
C.He is tired of doing gardening on weekends.
D.They can hire a gardener to do the work.
6.（问答题，1分）A.They will raise the issue in their presentation.
B.They will find more relevant information for their work.
C.They will make use of whatever information is available.
D.They will put more efforts into preparing for the presentation.
7.（问答题，1分）A.He did not take the symptoms of his illness seriously.
B.He was not aware of his illness until diagnosed with it.
C.He is anxious to find a cure for his high blood pressure.
D.He doesn't think high blood pressure is a problem for him.
8.（问答题，1分）A.Dr.Johnson may not be a good choice.
B.Dr.Johnson's waiting room is not tidy.
C.Dr.Johnson enjoys reading magazines.
D.Dr.Johnson is really a good dentist.
9.（问答题，1分）A.It isn't a good idea to buy the T-shirt.
B.The printing on her T-shirt has faded.
C.It isn't in fashion to have a logo on a T-shirt.
D.She regrets having bought one of the T-shirts.
10.（问答题，1分）A.He has been bumping along for hours.
B.He is trapped in a terrible traffic jam.
C.He is involved in a serious accident.
D.He has got a sharp pain in the neck.
11.（问答题，4.5分）（1）A.Real artist works in the past.
B.Popularity of secondhand books.
C.A real bargain in local bookstores.
D.A new fashion about secondhand goods.
（2）A.They made furniture not for making money.
B.They sell secondhand jewels as well as furniture.
C.They were serious about making furniture for fashion.
D.They devoted themselves to creating real artistic works.
（3）A.People appreciate the real crafts of the old craftsmen.
B.Secondhand goods are usually good yet not expensive.
C.Secondhand stores will become less and less in the future.
D.Secondhand goods are more valuable than apartment houses.
12.（问答题，4.5分）（1）A.A character in a popular animation.
B.A cutting-edge app in digital games.
C.A teaching tool under development.
D.A tutor for computer science students.
（2）A.They encourage them to give immediate feedback.
B.They use various ways to explain the materials.
C.They ask them to design their own questions.
D.They motivate them to think independently.
（3）A.Their sense of responsibility.
B.Their emotional involvement.
C.The learning strategy acquired.
D.The teaching experience gained.
13.（问答题，6分）（1）A.They are both worried about the negative impact of technology.
B.They differ greatly in their knowledge of modern technology.
C.They disagree about the future of AI technology.
D.They work in different fields of AI technology.
（2）A.Stimulating and motivating.
B.Simply writing AI software.
C.More demanding and requiring special training.
D.Less time-consuming and focusing on creation.
（3）A.There could be jobs nobody wants to do.
B.Digital life could replace human civilization.
C.Humans would be tired of communicating with one another.
D.Old people would be taken care of solely by unfeeling robots.
（4）A.It will be smarter than human beings.
B.Chips will be inserted in human brains.
C.It will take away humans' jobs altogether.
D.Life will become like a science fiction film.
14.（填空题，10分）
Something to Boast about
Are your information data safe and reliable？
In an ideal world such data,however informative and exploratory they are, （1）___ a scientific study is based on should be,if not publicly available,then at least available to other researchers.Sadly,this is not always the case.
Many scientists are still quite unwilling to have their data revealed though attitudes are changing.This attitude, （2）___ selfish,is understandable.
But sometimes it can cover a darker secret.The statistics presented in a paper may have been controlled to achieve a desired result.The author may,in other words,have cheated.If he releases the data,that cheating will be obvious.
Now Sean Wilner and his colleagues （3）___ （come） up with a way of reconstructing all
the possible data sets that could have given rise to that result,which includes （4）___ （release）the data.And they call the way CORVIDS （Complete Recovery of Values in Diophantine Systems）.
（5）___ （simplify） the task of spotting abnormal data,CORVIDS turns the possible data
sets into a three-dimensional （三维的） chart.This makes any unusual patterns apparent.For example,every （6）___ （reconstruct） data set may be missing values at one end of the scale.That might make sense occasionally.Generally,though,such a gap would be a red flag.It would suggest either that the statistics were reported incorrectly or （7）___ there were problems with the fundamental data.
CORVIDS is likely to be （8）___ immediate value to editors and reviewers at academic journals,who will be able to spot problems with papers early,and so discuss them with the authors.If an unresolvable problem （9）___ show up,then the technique can be applied to previous work by the author in question,to see if anything systematic is going on.
But its speed makes it a useful first step.If the data sets （10）___ finds do not show any strange patterns,CORVIDS is unlikely to show oddness,either.
Anyway,the trustworthiness of scientific papers will take a step up with CORVIDS.
15.（问答题，10分）
A Deeper Meaning behind Souvenirs
"Nobody sits us down and tells us to collect objects when we're young," writes Rolf Potts, "it's just something we do,as a way to（1）___ ourselves with the world,its possibilities,and our place in it."
Few of us would call ourselves collectors,but most travelers （2）___ a seashell from a vacation,or bring a keychain.As Mr.Potts notes in a book called "Souvenir," there is more to this （3）___ simple practice than meets the eye.For one thing,it can date back to the oldest described journeys,so it's a（4）___ practice that goes back thousands of years.And academic researchers have classified souvenirs -- even（5）___ items like "I Love New York" T-shirts and plastic miniatures of Michelangelo's David -- into various categories,likely unknown to many travelers.
Which categories do the things we've bought or found in our travels fall into？Further,what's
（6）___ behind our need to bring home souvenirs？
Over time,intellectual curiosity became the driving（7）___ for personal travel.Yet even as travelers began collecting historical and scientific souvenirs,not just religious items,the things they brought home stood for feelings for holy objects.
Scholars（8）___ these souvenirs into different buckets,including "markers" （location branded items like T-shirts and teacups）， "pictorial images" （postcards and posters），and "（9）___ landmarks" （for example,Statue of Liberty key chains），with the latter two categories symbolizing,though not exclusive to,mass tourism.
In the end, "Souvenir" suggests that its meaning is not fixed because its importance to the owner can change over time and that its significance is closely related to the traveler's identity.Mr.Potts himself has had plenty of souvenirs,things that remind him not merely of the places he's been and the extraordinary （10）___ between him and local people,but of former
life phases. "When we collect souvenirs," he writes, "we do so not to evaluate the world,but to
tell the self."
16.（填空题，15分）Researchers have found that urban heat island effect made worse by sunbaked roads can be relieved by a simple measure：Paint the streets gray.
A study by Arizona State University found that （1）___ a reflective,gray-colored material to black asphalt（柏油）resulted in a 10.5-to-12-degree Fahrenheit drop in average road surface temperatures.Meanwhile,sunrise temperatures（2）___ an average 2.4-degree drop.
"This is exactly what we were hoping for," Phoenix Mayor Kate Gallego said. "It's exciting to see a technology that has the potential to meet the demands of a growing desert city in a world where temperatures are（3）___ rising."
Experts say road temperatures in the Phoenix area can rise to 180 degrees on a hot day.That （4）___ energy remains in paved surfaces for hours,radiating heat back into nighttime
air.Higher overnight temperatures result in warmer mornings,creating a（5）___ of urban heat island effect.
Researchers found as well that the greatest temperature（6）___ was near the road surface,with less dramatic results 6 feet above the ground.Even so,the neighborhoods with streets reflecting light experienced air temperatures 0.3-to-0.5 degree cooler compared with neighborhoods with（7）___ roads.
But reflective pavements don't affect all surfaces the same way.Researchers said that "the most meaningful measurement" was of radiant temperatures,a measure of how the body（8）___ heat.Those measurements showed that the "human experience of heat（9）___ at noon and the afternoon hours was higher due to surface reflectivity." It's been noted that the increase in（10）___ temperatures "may be a necessary trade-off（妥协）to reduce surface temperatures using a reflective surface."
Heather Murphy,a spokesperson for the Transportation Department,said the response has been （11）___ from drivers and residents in neighborhoods where the material is applied. "We
have had some people who don't like the look of it,but generally the response has been very （12）___ ".
Still,officials cautioned that reflective pavement is not a remedy for the urban heat island effect.
"If you're standing over these surfaces on a hot day,（13）___ ，you're still going to be hot if you're not in the shade," said Jennifer Vanos,an assistant professor at Arizona State University. "So if we really want to （14）___ true solutions,it's not going to be just painting all the streets gray."
A second phase of the study will examine questions about how the material performs under different（15）___ ，including changes in reflectivity,degradation and subsurface temperature over longer periods.
（1）A.applying B.sticking C.approaching D.contributing （2）A.occurred B.proved C.turned D.saw
（3）A.efficiently B.constantly C.technically D.specifically （4）A.generated B.heated C.absorbed D.calculated （5）A.cycle B.decline C.sample D.variety
（6）A.balance B.control C.difference D.equality
（7）A.gray-painted B.light-colored C.black-topped D.dry-surfaced （8）A.reflects B.transmits C.resists D.experiences （9）A.extent B.exposure C.absorption D.endurance （10）A.felt B.heated C.stored D.needed （11）A.instant B.all-sided C.objective D.mixed
（12）A.optimistic B.positive C.pessimistic D.obvious （13）A.in fact B.as a result C.on the other hand D.for one thing （14）A.put down B.hold up C.push toward D.take back （15）A.variations B.conditions C.circulations D.investigations 17.（填空题，8分）All Miss Price had been told about the new boy was that he'd spent most of his life in some kind of orphanage,and that the gray-haired "aunt and uncle" with whom he now lived were really foster parents （养父母），paid by the Welfare
Department of the City of New York.A less devoted teacher might have pressed for more details,but Miss Price was content with the rough outline.It was enough to fill her with a sense of mission that shone from her eyes,from the first morning he joined the fourth grade.
He arrived early and sat in the back row,his backbone very straight,his ankles crossed precisely under the desk and his hands folded on the center of its top,and while the other children were filling in,he received a long,expressionless stare from each of them.
"We have a new classmate this morning," Miss Price said, "His name is Vincent Sabella,and he comes from New York City.I know we'll all do our best to make him feel at home."
This time they all swung around to stare at once,which caused him to duck his head slightly and shift his weight from one side to the other.Ordinarily,the fact of someone's coming from New York might have held a certain status,for to most of the children the city was a frightening,adult place that swallowed up their fathers every day.But anyone could see at a glance that Vincent Sabella had nothing to do with it.Even if you could ignore his twisted black hair and gray skin,his clothes would have given him away：ridiculously new pants,ridiculously old sports shoes and a yellow sweatshirt,much too small,with the faded remains of a Mickey Mouse design stamped on its chest.
The girls decided that he wasn't very nice and turned away,but the boys remained in their inspection,looking him up and down with faint smiles.This was the kind of kid they were accustomed to thinking of as "tough," the kind whose stare has made all of them uncomfortable at one time or another in unfamiliar neighborhoods；here was a unique chance for revenge.
（1）What can you learn about Miss Price and Vincent from the first two paragraphs？ ___
A.Since nobody had ever seen Vincent's parents,he now lived all by himself.
B.Miss Price knew Vincent so well that she'd like to focus every bit of attention on him.
C.Miss Price didn't know much about Vincent,but that didn't stop her wanting to care about him.
D.Vincent sat in the back row so as not to arouse any unnecessary attention caused by his late arrival.
（2）Why does the author mention "New York" in the third and the fourth paragraphs？ ___
A.To illustrate Vincent's distant origin.
B.To demonstrate children's desire to go to see their fathers.
C.To emphasize Vincent's low social status from his shabby clothes.
D.To state a certain distinction between Vincent and people's imagination.
（3）Which of the following words can best describe Vincent？ ___
A.Devoted but shy.
B.Nervous and uneasy.
C.Untalkative and tough.
D.Sensitive but unfortunate.
（4）What can you infer from the text about Vincent's new classmates？ ___
A.They were either unconcerned or unfriendly toward him.
B.They used to consider people like Vincent to be very tough.
C.They barely noticed the new boy sitting in the back of the classroom.
D.They were very curious about the newcomer in a kind and considerate manner.
18.（填空题，6分）
HARRY POTTER AND THE FORBIDDEN JOURNEY
Universal Studio Resort
Make your way through the classrooms and corridors of Hogwarts.Then rocket above the castle grounds on a groundbreaking new ride that lets you join Harry Potter and his friends on an unforgettably thrilling adventure.
Our goal is to ensure that everyone is able to make well informed decisions about their ability to safely,comfortably,and conveniently experience each of our attractions.
1.CAUTION：
This ride imitates dramatic aerobatics and includes sudden
acceleration,stopping,turning,climbing,and dropping.
Failure to follow posted guidelines may result in serious injury or expulsion （驱逐） from the park.
• Attraction is not allowed for Guests with a history of heart conditions or abnormal blood pressure.
• Attraction is not allowed for Guests with back,neck,or similar physical conditions.
• Expectant mothers are not allowed on this attraction.
• Attraction is not recommended for Guests easily influenced to motion sickness or dizziness.• Attraction is not recommended for Guests who have fear of en closed spaces.
• Attraction is not allowed for Guests with recent surgery or other conditions that may be worsened by this ride.
• Prosthetic limbs （义肢） must be secured to prevent hazards or loss due to ride forces.Please see an attendant for assistance.
• Guests under 122cm may not ride.
• Weight not to exceed 136 kg.
• This attraction cannot accommodate guide dogs.A portable pet cage is available upon request.
2.TO AVOID SERIOUS INJURY：
• Remain seated with your head firmly aga inst the headrest.
• Keep hands and feet inside the vehicle.
• Hold onto shoulder restraints at all times.
• No Photography or Video Recording.
• Maximum capacity 4 persons.
• Keep safely all loose articles （phones,hats,glasses,video-recording
equipment,cameras,wallets,keys,etc.） in the lockers provided or leave with a non-rider.
• No eating,drinking,or smoking.
（1）In the passage,the underlined word aerobatics is closest in meaning to " ___ ."
A.violent movements
B.plunging activities
C.increasing rides
D.rapid actions
（2）What is a proper behavior during rides according to the given information？ ___
A.Guests must keep cameras inside their pockets or bags.
B.Children who are under a certain age are not allowed on this ride.
C.People with prosthetic limbs should remove them before the ride so as not to lose them.
D.People with visual sickness need to keep their guide dogs with them all the way through the ride.
（3）Where would this page most probably be found on the Universal Studio homepage？ ___
A.Guest Services
B.About Us
C.Things to Do
D.Plan Your Visit
19.（填空题，8分）Fewer than 400 North Atlantic right whales remain in the wild,and not even 100 of them are breeding females.Their biggest survival threats are boat strikes and getting caught in fishing gear.Protecting these whales,such as by turning boats from dangerous encounters,requires positioning them more reliably-and new technology,described in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,could help make that possible.
To listen for marine life,researchers often install underwater microphones called hydrophones on buoys （浮标） and robotic gliders （滑翔机）.The recorded audio is changed into spectrograms -- visual representations of sound used to precisely recognize,for instance,specific whale species' calls.But those distinctive sounds are often drowned out by other noise.In recent years researchers have used a machine-learning technique called deep learning to automate this analysis,but background sounds still block reliability.
Now researchers have trained two deep-learning models specifically to cut through the noise.They started by giving the models thousands of "clean" spectrograms with only North Atlantic right whale calls.Then they slowly added in thousands of spectrograms mixed with typical background sounds,such as tanker engines.The program can successfully turn noisy spectrograms into clean ones,reducing false alarms and helping spot whales before they reach dangerous areas,the scientists say.
Shyam Madhusudhana,a Cornell University data engineer,who was not involved in the
study,says he would want to see if such models could be used to locate other marine mammals （哺乳动物），too. "Humpback whales and dolphins have much more complex speech pathways than the right whale," he notes.And University of East Anglia machine-learning researcher Ben Milner,one of the study's authors,wants to take this technology above water as well -- to Ukrainian forests,where he hopes to identify animals near the site of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster.
University of St.Andrews behavioral ecologist Peter Tyack,who was not involved in the study,says this new system should be used to figure out where whales are throughout the year,so that these areas can be protected. "In terms of estimating the density and the number of these whales in places where it's hard to see them," Peter says, "this technology could be fantastic."
But he warns that it should not be the only approach to preventing ship strikes.In his work,Tyack has found that North Atlantic right whales can be silent for hours at a time -- so passive sound monitoring could easily miss one.And killing just a few,he adds, "could lead to extinction of the population."
（1）What does the new technology do to help protect the North Atlantic right whales？ ___
A.Locating the right whales precisely.
B.Turning boats to encounter the right whales.
C.Guiding the right whales away from fishing boats.
D.Positioning fishing boats reliably and thus deadly strikes.
（2）What is a major contribution of deep-learning models to reducing background noises？___
A.They turn off the nearby alarms that may create background noises.
B.They can eliminate disturbances shown on a spectrogram sheet.
C.They add thousands of mixed sounds such as vehicle engines.
D.They can prevent whales from reaching dangerous areas.
（3）It can be learned from the passage that ___ .
A.Shyam and Ben are both scientists at different universities who know each other well
B.all of the three scientists consider the extended use of the technology could face challenges
C.Shyam and Ben both hope that the deep learning model can go beyond its current application
D.Peter thinks the technology should have been used to figure out where it's hard to see the whales
（4）Which one of the following might be the best title of the passage？ ___
test Techs on Marine Lifesaving
B.Save the Right Whale by Noise-cutting
C.See Whales' Noise through Human's Eyes
D.Non-professional Scientists' Role in Saving Whales
20.（填空题，8分）
As China Puts on Weight,Type-2 Diabetes （糖尿病） Is Rapidly Rising
More than 30 years ago,doctors in the northern city of Daqing began a pioneering long-term study into the prevention of type-2 diabetes,a disease which was then thought to affect about 1% of Chinese.When doctors,academics and officials gathered there this autumn to discuss the conclusions and promote prevention work,they faced a very different reality.（1）___ Type-2 diabetes is becoming more common globally,but in recent years the rate of the disease has been growing fastest in China.
Diabetes is a disfunction in the body's regulation of blood-sugar levels.Type 1 is rare and usually shows up early in life,caused by factors that are not yet well understood.It can kill
swiftly unless managed with daily injections of insulin （胰岛素）.
（2）___ .It tends to develop in adults,especially if they are overweight or do not exercise much.It can usually be controlled with pills and lifestyle changes,and can sometimes be reversed.Both types,if not well-treated,can cause complications such as organ
damage,blindness,strokes and heart attacks.
（3）___ .Twenty years ago,it had fewer than 25 million.The dramatic increase,almost entirely involving type 2s,worries the government.The study in Daqing showed how lifestyle changes
can prevent type 2 among people with damaged glucose tolerance （糖耐量），which is sometimes a start of the condition.The country's health-care system is trying to ensure symptoms are detected,and help people with them.
A big reason for the increase is that as people get richer,they often consume more processed foods and sugary drinks.One in seven Chinese adults is overfat,including a quarter of adults in Beijing,China's fattest city.The urban proportion of the population has grown from less than 20% to about 60% since 1980.（4）___ .
There may be a genetic link,too.Research finds that ethnic-Han Chinese are acquiring type 2 diabetes while younger and thinner than Caucasians.Smoking is another factor.China has one-
fifth of the world's population but consumes one-third of its cigarettes,and most of the daily smokers are men.
21.（问答题，10分）
Is Student-loan Forgiveness Unforgivable？
Roughly 45 million Americans currently hold ＄1.6 trillion in student debt,with the average student-loan receiver owing between ＄20，000 and ＄25，000，according to the Federal Reserve.Among those actively making payments on their debt,the average monthly installment
is between ＄200 and ＄300.And with 5.3 million more people unemployed than in February,right before the U.S.fell into the economic depression caused by pandemic （流行病），some people say that student-debt forgiveness could be beneficial to the economy.
"Student-debt cancellation feels like one of the most accessible executive actions to stimulate the economy at the moment," says Suzanne Kahn,director of the Education.Kahn says the move would also help close the wealth gap between white Americans and people of color.Some 90%
of Black students and 72% of Latino students take out loans for college versus just 66% of white students,according to an analysis from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
But others argue that sweeping student-loan forgiveness doesn't help the people who need
aid most.Americans with college degrees,as a whole,have been less influenced by the economic effects of COVID-19 than their non-college-educated counterparts.Besides,they raise concerns that if the government wipes out current student loans,future college students may have a motivator to take on debts,hoping they will also be forgiven.Colleges may in turn tend to raise their prices further.
What's clear,according to the both sides of the aisle （过道），is that economic crises worsen the problem of student debt.The last time the U.S.dipped into a recession,state governments cut their investments in colleges and universities-which,in turn,raised their tuition prices and forced students to take on ever larger loans.
In recent weeks,the government has walked a fine line on the issue,offering support for a bill calling for ＄10，000 worth of student-loan forgiveness but turning down anything close to a plan to issue ＄50，000 per borrower through executive action.
That's not sustainable in the long run.It remains to be seen if the government can arrive at a political solution that is.
___________________________
22.（问答题，3分）秋高气爽，到郊野公园去远足是多么令人心驰神往啊！（it）
___ .
23.（问答题，3分）做任何事情只要我们坚持不懈，最终定然会收获满满。

（persevere）
___ .
24.（问答题，4分）原生态的田园乡村正越来越成为在大城市打拼前程的年轻人抚慰焦虑和
紧张的"诗和远方"。

（strive）
___ .
25.（问答题，5分）尽管疑点重重，但他缜密分析，不放过任何蛛丝马迹，终于令这起社会
广泛关注的盗窃案的真相大白于天下。

（which）
___ .
26.（问答题，25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according
to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假定你是明启中学的学生李华，你校交换生 Allen 打算在圣诞节为他的父母各送一件具有典型中国文化特色的礼物。

他初步选出了四件礼物：旗袍（cheongsam）、紫砂茶具（purple clay tea set）、丝绸围巾（silk scarf）、书画折扇（calligraphy and painting folding fan），现在发邮件向你咨询。

请你给他写封邮件，谈谈你的意见。

内容包括：
1.为他父母分别推荐的一件礼物；
2.推荐这两件礼物的理由；
3.对 Allen 父母的问候。

注意：作文中不得出现你本人的姓名、班级和学校等真实信息。

_________________________。