定语从句常见错误种种

定语从句常见错误种种
定语从句是一种重要的语法句式，也是学习难点和高考热点。

许多学生在处理定语从句时，经常出现如下错误：
1.定语从句中谓语动词的单、复数错误
①错：The man who live downstairs will help me．对：The msn who lives downstairs will help me．②错：Anyone who break the law will be punished.对：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished．③错：Tom is one of those girls Who likes pop music．对：Tom is one of those girls who like pop music．④错：She is the only one of the girls who were late for the meeting．对：She is the only one of the girls who was later for the meeting．
析：定语从句中动词的单复数形式常依先行词的形式而定。

如例①，例②中先行词man，anyone是单数，从句中的动词也相应用单数。

在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句中的动词常用复数形式，如例③。

但有时为了强调one，在one前有the或the only等限定词时，定语从句中的动词依one而定，用单数，如例④。

2.定语从句中作主语的关系代词被错误地省去
①错：A dictionary is a book gives the meaning of word. 对：A dictionary is a book wich gives the meaning of words. ②错：Those wish to go to the park must be at the gate by 7：50. 对：Those who wish to go to the park must be at the gateby 7：50．析：在定语从句中作主语的关系代词是不可省略的。

3.定语从句中宾语的重复出现
错：Let me have a look at the dictionary that you bought it yesterday. 对：Let me have a look at the dictionary that you bought yesterday．4.定语从句中出现了多的关系副词或介词
①错：This is the house where I lived in two years ago. 对：This is the house where I lived two years ago．对：This is the house Which／that I lived in two years ago. ②错：October 1,1949 Was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded on. 对：October1，1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
析：例①中关系代词where作lived的地点状语，而不可以作in的宾语。

例②中when在从句中作地点状语，在该句中相当于on which，与on重复了。

5.在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词
错：I still remember the day when we spent together．对：I still remember the day which／that we spent together．
析：定语从句中的谓语spent是一个及物动词，在从句中应有它的宾语，而不是时间状语，故应将when改成which／that,从而作spent的宾语。

6.在reason作先行词时常用错关系词
①错：Do you know the reason why made her unhappy? 对：Do you know the reason which／that made her unhappy?②错：The reason why he said isn’t true.对：The reason which /that he said isn’t true.
析：例①从句中缺少主语，故应将why改成which/that；例②从句中缺少said 的宾语而不是原因状语，故应将why改成that/which。

7.错把强调句型当定语从句
①错：It was in the classroom where they sang the song．对：It was in the classroom that they sang the song．②错：Was it because she didn’t feel well yesterday when Mary didn’t come to school? 对：Was it because she didn’t feel well yesterday that Mary didn’t come to school?
析：例①不是定语从句，而是强调句型。

强调事情发生的地点是in the classroom，去掉强调结构该句语意很完整：They sang the song in the classroom．例②不是定语从句而是强调句型，强调原因状语。

该句去掉强调结构意思为Mary didn’t come to school because she didn’t feel well yesterday．
8.将同位语从句与定语从句混为一谈
①The news that he told me is exciting．②The news that he has been elected president of the USA is true．
析：例①是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，可省，它与先行词是修饰关系；例②是同谓语从句，它与先行词是同位关系，连接词that一般不可省。

9.从句中介词与关系代词的位置关系不清
①错：This is the room in that we lived last year. 对：This is the room in which we lived last year．②错：Who is the comrade with you just shook hands? 对：Who is the comrade with whom you just shook hands?
析：介词在关系代词之前时只能用which或whom，且不可省，介词在句尾
时，关系代词可用which，that，whom，口语中也可用who代替whom，且可省。

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