建筑工程常用术语大全

国际工程常用英汉词汇汇编
一、基础词汇access 交通
agreement 同意、协议allocation 分配、配置
approval 同意、批准arbitration 仲裁
Asia Development Bank 亚洲开发银行assistant 助理、助手
authorize(delegate)授权、委托Bill of Quantities(BOQ) 工程量表civil works 土建工程claim 索赔
comment 评论、意见
commercial manager 商务经理conditions of contract 合同条件
general conditions 通用条件
conditions of particular application 专用条件special conditions of contract 特别条件Conditions of contract for Works of Civil Engineering Construction 土木工程施工合同条件
construction management 施工管理consultant 顾问
contract agreement 合同协议Contractor 承包商cooperation 合作coordination 协作cost 费用
cost control 成本控制counterclaim 反索赔demobilization 退场department 部门Designer 设计者drawing 图纸
shop drawing 车间图design drawing 设计图as-built drawing 竣工图blue drawing 蓝图
transparent drawing 透明图construction drawing 施工图electric works 电气工程Employer(Client/Owner) 业主Engineer 工程师
Engineer's representative 工程师代表engineering project 工程项目international project 国际工程
overseas project 海外工程domestic project 国工程equipment 设备expatriate 外籍职员expert 专家
export 出口
Federation of Civil Engineering Contractor 土木工程承包商联合会formal 正式的hydromechanical works 金结工程import 进口
in charge of 负责、主管informal 非正式的Institution of Civil
Engineers(ICE) 土木工程师协会instrument 仪器、器械insurance 保险labour 劳务layout 布置
leading company(sponsor)牵头公司、责任公司liability(responsibility/obligation) 责任、义务lump sump 总包machinery 机械
manpower(human resource) 人力资源Manufacturer 制造商
material 材料
measure 办法、措施
take effective measures 采取有效措施measurement 测量、计量memorandum 备忘录mobilization 进场objection 反对payment 支付plant 设备
point of view(opinion) 观点、意见prequalification 资格预审procurement 采购profit 利润
progress control 进度控制project manager 项目经理quality control 质量控制request(application) 申请、请求review 审查risk 风险
river closure 截流river diversion 导流safety 安全
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signature 签名
site 工地、现场
site engineer 现场工程师specification 规格、规staff 职员
Subcontractor 分包商submission 提交
supervise 监督、监视Supplier 供货商
the International Chamber of Commerce国际商会
unit price 单价
variation(change) 变更World Bank 世界银行二、工程施工类
（一）工程施工-土建类
◆开挖与支护（Excavation and Support) 明挖（Open Excavation ) bench excavation 台阶开挖concrete excavation 砼开挖fault excavation 断层开挖foundation excavation 基础开挖local excavation 局部开挖
mass(bulk) excavation 大面积开挖protective layer excavation 保护层开挖rock excavation 岩开挖slope excavation 边坡开挖
soft ground excavation 软基开挖soil excavation 土开挖structural excavation 结构开挖
tooth excavation 齿槽开挖
unclassified material excavation 不分类料开挖
coefficient of nonuniformity 开挖不均匀系数cutoff trench 截水槽
dewatering(drainage) 排水excavation pit 开挖基坑
intensity of excavation 开挖强度overexcavate ( overbreak ) 超挖pump sump 水泵
坑
Underexcavate ( underbreak ) 欠挖
underbreak treatment 欠挖处理
洞挖及地下开挖（Tunnel and Underground Excavation)
a round of excavation 一个开挖循环adit 支洞advance 进尺
advances depth 进尺深度breaking hole 崩落cushion hole 缓冲drift 掏槽bottom drift 底部掏槽center drift 中心掏槽side drift 边部掏槽top drift 顶部掏槽drilling 钻
driving(progress) rate 进尺率easer 掏槽
erecting supports for the roof and side wall 对顶拱及边墙进行支护
full face excavation 全断面开挖
heading and bench excavation 导流与台阶开挖
loading and hauling muck(mucking ) 装拉渣loading (charging) 装药perimeter hole 边pilot tunnel 导洞removing dust 除尘
removing ground water 清除地面积水shooting the explosive (blasting) 放炮top heading excavation 上导洞开挖ventilation 通风
钻爆破(Drilling and Blasting) abandoned hole 废
average hole depth 平均深average quantity used in unit volume blasted 平均单耗blasting result 爆破结果blockness 块度
controlled perimeter blasting 边控制爆破data of explosive filled 装药参数data of holes drilled 钻参数delayed blasting 延时爆破exploratory hole 探explosive quantity 药量
explosive quantity in a sound 单响药量handling misfire 处理哑炮light charge 少量装药loosening blasting 松动爆破pattern 布式
distance between holes 距distance between rows 排距post shearing blasting 微差爆破prespliting blasting 预裂爆破
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quantity of holes 数smooth blasting 光面爆破延时支护(rock support) expansion shell rock bolt 胀壳式拉锚杆feature rock anchor 随机锚索feature rock bolt 随机拉锚杆feature rock dowel 随机砂浆锚杆feature rock reinforcement 随机加固lattice girder 钢桁架、格构大梁pattern cement grouted rock dowel 系统水泥浆锚杆
pattern resin grouted rock dowel 系统树脂浆锚杆
pattern rock dowel 系统砂浆锚杆pattern rock reinforcement 系统加固permanent rock support 永久支护
post-tensioned cement grouted tendon rock anchor 后拉水泥浆锚索rebound material 回弹料
return rock bolt 回头拉锚杆return rock reinforcement 回头加固shotcrete anchorage 喷锚
shotcrete with wire mesh 挂网喷砼steel fabric shotcrete 钢纤维喷砼steel rib 钢拱架
temporary rock support 临时支护
tensioned resin grouted rock bolt 树脂拉锚杆
◆土料的填筑及碾压施工工序（Working Sequence)
backfill 回填blend 混合compact 碾压
controlled sprinkling 控制洒水cut the slope 削坡dump 卸料exploit 开采level 整平load 装料
moisture condition 水分调节place and spread 摊铺remove 清除replace 重新回填
retreat (do the work again) 返工scarify 翻松、刨毛
screen and wash 筛分和冲洗take a sample 取样
test 测试transport 运输treat 处理trim 修整
缺陷（Defects）
calcium particles
contaminated material 受污染料
declination of the boundary 料界偏差dry 干燥
lack of compaction 漏压lump sump 结块
muddy 泥泞
oversize material 超粒径材料pocket 囊穴seepage 渗流separation 分离shear area 剪力区lens 透镜体
其它（Others)
bonding surface 结合面byproduct 副产品
controlling parameter 控制参数fill placement record 填筑记录frog area 蛙夯区required embankment 必要填
subzone 分区
◆混凝土（Concrete ）
air-entrained concrete(aerated concrete) 加气砼
asphalt concrete 沥青砼
blinding concrete 垫层砼
cast-in situ(site/place)concrete 现浇砼plastic concrete 塑料砼fibrous concrete 纤维砼first stage concrete 一期砼foamed concrete 泡沫砼
high-performance concrete 高性能砼high-strength concrete 高强砼intrusion concrete 压浆砼
lean concrete (poor concrete) 贫砼
lightweight aggregate concrete 轻骨料砼mass concrete 大体积砼non-fines concrete 无砂砼non-plastic concrete 干硬性砼non-shrinkage concrete 无收缩砼normal concrete 常态砼plain concrete 素砼
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porous concrete 多砼prestressed concrete 预应力砼pump concrete 泵送砼reinforced concrete 钢筋砼
roller compacted concrete( rollcrete) 碾压砼second stage concrete 二期砼作业（Activity）
clearance(clearing) 清理concrete
pouring(placement/casting) 砼浇筑curing 养护
Membrance curing 薄膜养护moist curing 湿润养护normal curing 标准养护steam curing 蒸汽养护repairing 修理
Scabbling (chiping/roughening) 凿毛greencutting 冲毛surface finishing 收面vibrating 振捣缺陷（Defects）
bug hole(pitted surface) 麻面cavity 狗洞cold joint 冷缝crack 裂缝deformation 变形depression 坑洼
fire-damaged concrete 火损砼formwork shifting(moving) 跑模grout leakage 漏浆（挂帘）
honeycomb 蜂窝
incomplete vibration 不完全振捣、漏振irregularity 不规则
segregation(bleeding) 离析stair(staggered joint) 错台tie rod hole 拉杆water leakage 漏水water seepage 渗水外加剂（Admixture）accelerator 速凝剂
air-entraining agent 引气剂
bloating(bulking /expansion) agent 膨胀剂coring admixture 着色剂
early-strength admixture 早强剂
gas-forming admixture 发气剂（起泡剂）fluidizer 塑化剂retarding agent 缓凝剂set-controlling admixture 调凝剂super-plasticizer 增塑剂、高效减水剂surface-active agent 表面活性剂water-reducing agent 减水剂
accelerating water reducer 速凝型减水剂retarding water reducer 缓凝型减水剂waterproof agent 防水剂指标（Indexes）
compressive strength 抗压强度compressive stress 压应力concrete class 砼等级final strength 终凝强度graduation 级配
graduation curve 级配曲线impermeability 抗渗性
initial setting strength 初凝强度
mix design 配比设计
resistance to freezing and thawing 抗冻融性shear strength 抗剪强度slump 坍落度
specific weight/gravity 比重stability against sliding 抗滑稳定性strain 应变surface finish 表面平整度tensile strength 抗拉强度tensile stress 拉应力thermal stress 温度应力water-cement ratio 水灰比working stress 工作应力其他（Others）acceptance 验收age 龄期
aggregate 骨料
fine aggregate 细骨料coarse aggregate 粗骨料air pocket 气囊
airtightness 气密性
alternative 替代物、替换法apply 应用、施加bending moment 弯矩block 仓号binding strength 黏结强度calibration 标定cement anchor 锚固卷concrete plug 砼塞
concrete precast element 砼预制件concrete release sheet 发料单
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上面已看！
construction joint 施工缝contamination /pollution 污染conversion(reconstruction) 改建coverage 覆盖围curing agent 养护剂delivery sheet 运料单direct discharge 直接入仓
elevation 高程、正视图
epoxy mortar application 还氧砂浆抹面existing 现有（存）的expansion joint 伸缩缝facilitate 使容易（便利）gabion 纤丝笼humidity 湿度identity 识别、标记ingredient 成分、配料inspection 检查、验收
preliminary inspection 初验final inspection 终验
appearance inspection 外观检查intact 完整的、未被触动的inter-tower joint 塔间缝
introduce into 将……穿入
isolate 隔离laitance 浮浆皮
layer(lift)height 层高
meet design requirement 满足设计要求moment of inertia 惯性距
Pocket (box out/preset hole) 预留post-cooling 后冷却post tensioning 后拉pre-cooling 预冷却pre-stressing 预应力pre-tensioning 先拉
pull-off test 扒拉试验
reinforcement cover 钢筋保护层remark 备注
section area 截面面积shearkey 抗剪键
key groove 键槽
shotcrete dry-mix process 干喷砼生产shotcrete wet-mix process 湿喷砼生产simplify 简化
simultaneously 同时地spacer 水泥垫块
spacing 间距
stress concentration 应力集中symmetry 对称
technical data 技术参数
temperature control 温度控制temperature difference 温差temperature rise(gain) 温度升高theoretical elongation 理论延长量unloading 卸载
water stop 止水
PVC water stop PVC止水rubber water stop 橡皮止水copper water stop 铜止水watertightness 闭水性
winter protection 冬季保温
◆模板（Formwok/Shutteringform) erecting(setting up/fixing) formwork 立模Stripping (removing/dismantling) formwork 拆模
bond breaker 脱模剂climbing cone 爬升锥dam bracket 大坝支架distance piece 横支撑
double-curvature formwork 双曲模板flat formwork 平面模板
formwork oil 模板油pigtail anchor 猪尾筋
retractable formwork 进退式模板shearkey box 键槽盒sliding formwork 滑模steel form carrier 钢模台车steel formwork 钢模
steel waling 钢围令、钢支撑stopend 堵头、封堵模板temporary formwork 临时模板tie rod(form tie) 拉杆
tiltable formwork 倾斜式模板
vault and invert formwork 顶拱及底拱模板wood formwork 木模
◆钢筋（Reinforcement Rebar）distribution bar 分布筋dowel 插筋
horizontal bar 水平筋lap length 搭接长度
main stress bar 主应力筋overlap 搭接shear bar 剪力筋
splice welding 绑条焊接starter bar 起始筋、苗子锦stirrup 箍筋support bar 架立筋vertical bar 竖直筋
◆灌浆（Grouting）
backfill grouting 回填灌浆
consolidation grouting 固结灌浆contact grouting 接触灌浆curtain grouting 帷幕灌浆gap grouting 接缝灌浆gravity grouting 自重灌浆jet grouting 旋喷灌浆multi-stage grouting 多次灌浆pressure grouting 压力灌浆ring grouting 环行灌浆
single-stage grouting 一次灌浆工艺过程（Activity）air test 通风试验backfilling of hole 封flushing test 通水试验joint washing 洗缝seal 密封
soak 浸泡
water pressure test 压水试验
管路及组件（Circuit and Elements）air supply 风包arising pipe 升降管circuit 回路clamp 卡子
cock 旋塞coil 蛇形管cylinder 缸套
double nipple 对丝连接套expansion coupling 伸缩节
female-quick coupling 丝快接头fixed clamp 死卡
flow rate meter 测量计galvanized elbow 镀锌弯头grout cap 灌浆帽grout cell 出浆盒grout stop plate 止浆片grout valve 灌浆阀
inlet pipe 进浆管
large radius elbow 大弧弯头main pipe 总管
male-quick coupling 外丝快接头
outlet pipe 出浆管packer 灌浆塞piston 活塞
plug 堵头
reducer socket 变径管套return pipe 回浆管tee piece 三通管
reduce tee piece 变径三通管swivel-clamp 转卡U-bend U弯头union 活接头ventilation pipe 排气管water supply 水包
参数及指标（Parameter and Indexes）
consistency 稠度fineness 细度grout take 吃浆量
high take 吃浆量大
grouting pressure 灌浆压力leakage rate 漏水率Lugeon 容
mix proportion 浆比pumping rate 泵浆率refusal criteria 排浆标准
refusal time 抽浆时间water aborptin 吸水率
仪器设备（Plant and Instrument）agitator 搅拌站
automatic recorder 自动记录仪chiller plant(cooling plant) 制冷站displancement point 位移点
electronic grout flow meter 电子流量计extensometer 变位计flow transmitter 流量传感器foundation displacement indicator 基础位移指示器grout pump 灌浆泵hydrometer 比重计joint meter 测缝计mixing plant 制浆站monitor 监测器osmometer 渗压计
pendulum 钟摆
portable instrument 便携式仪器pressure gauge 压力表pressure sensor 压力传感器
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reinforcement meter 钢筋计steel basin 搅拌槽strain meter 应变计temperature sensor 温度传感器terminal station 集线站reference point 参考点second order triangulation 二等三角测量set out 放线、放样
stake-line 测桩线
state plane coordinate system 平面坐标其他（Others）check hole 检查compartment 灌区dense mix 浓浆
foundation uplift 基础隆起grout hole 灌浆
instrument hole 仪器
primary/secondary and tertiary grout holes 一序、二序、三序灌浆spilt spacing 加密灌浆距waste mix 弃浆
◆测量（Survey）
测量法及术语（Methods and Terms）adjust 校正、调整adjustment 平差allowance 容误差backsight point 后视点basic point 基础点bench mark 水准点compass 罗盘
chainage(station number) 桩号chain of triangulation 三角锁check 校核、对照control point 控制点coordinate point 坐标点
datum 基础面
datum point 基准点deviation 偏差
easily identifiable point 容易识别点error 误差
first order triangulation 一等三角测量geodetic 大地测量学的
geodetic surveying 大地测量joint survey 联合测量known point 已知点level surface 水准面
local triangulation networks 局部三角网national coordination system 坐标网observe 观测、监视
point to be located 待定点position 定位、位置reconnaissance 选点、踏勘
系
survey point 测点
theoretical point 理论点
traverse(polygon) 导线（测量）、横断error of traverse 导线闭合差lattice traverse 网格状导线long side traverse 长导线open traverse 非闭合导线short side traverse
短导线traverse closure 导线闭合traverse station 导线点traverse survey 导线测量triangulation 三角测量
triangulation network 三角网
triangulation of high order 高等级三角网triangulation point 三角点trilateration 三边测量
vertical-control net 高程控制网wood pile 木桩
角度测量（Angular Measure）azimuth 位角
bearing 位、象限角buddle 气泡、水准器circle 度盘、圆盘circular bubble 圆水准器collimation axis 视准轴
cross-line(cross-hair) 十字丝depression angle 俯角elevation angle 仰角eyepiece(ocular) 目镜field pole(staff) 标杆foot-screw 脚螺栓
horizontal angle 水平角mark 标志（明）
objective lens 物镜
plumb(plummet) 铅垂、垂线sight 瞄准、观测target 目标、瞄准theodolite 经纬仪tranverse axis 横轴tripod 三脚架vertical angle 竖直角
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vertical axis 竖轴望远镜（Telescope）centering 对中face left 盘左face right 盘右
focus 集中、焦点focusing 调焦
index error 指标误差
inverted position of telescope(reverse telescope)倒镜、盘右
normal position of telescope(direct telescope)正镜、盘右
optical plummet 光学垂准器round 测回set 套、组station 测站
距离测量（Distance Measure）barometer 气压计
base line(basic line/datum line) 基线battery 电池
EDM(electromagnetic distance measurement) 电磁波测距
filter 滤光片、滤波器
laser alignment system 激光准直系统laser beam 激光束prism 棱镜
range 测程、距离long range 远程medium range 中程short range 短程range finder 测距仪signal 信号
spring balance 弹簧称tape 卷尺
invar tape 铟瓦钢卷尺
高程测量（Height Measurement）altitude/elevation 高程、海拔
approximate leveling 近似置平、粗平automatic level 自动定平水准仪difference in altitude(difference of elevation ,height difference) 高差error of closure in leveling 水准闭合差exact leveling 精平、确置平level 水准仪（测点）level circuit 水准闭合环level shoe 水准尺垫line of level 水准线路
national geodetic vertical datum 大地高程基准面
reduced level 归化高差run back 返测run out 往测
three-wire leveling 三丝法水准测量地形测量（T opographic Survey）boundary 边界、界线
construction stake 施工标桩contour 等高线
contour interval 等高距
contouring 绘等高线
contour-length method 等高线延长法contour line 等高线control network 控制网detail 细部、详图draw 绘图field 外业fix 固定、确定form line 地形图grid 格网information 注记、资料、情报marginal information 轮廓注记large-scale 大比例尺的latitude 纬度、围latitude circle 纬圈latitude line 纬线legend 图例
location 定线、定位longitude 经度
longitude line 经线map 地图、制图
mapping 制图、测图、地质素描match line 拼接线monument 标、柱object 地物、目标plan 平面图、略图plot 绘图
profile 断面（图）、纵剖图record 记录、资料setup 定置仪器
site location 定位
stake out 放样、定线、立桩symbol 符号、记号
topographic detail 地形细部topographic map 地形图
◆原形观测观测仪器和设施{Instrumentation
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and Facilities）
附件及配件（Acessories and Spare Parts）air-entraining meter 掺气剂
Carlson-type piezometer 卡尔逊式渗压计concrete strain meter 砼应变计convergent point 收敛测点
direct plumb line 正垂线earth pressure cell 土压力盒
embankment piezometer 坝体渗压计embankment strain meter 堤应变计extended wire 引线
foundation piezometer 基础渗压计horizontal inclinometer 水平测斜仪hydraulic
instrument 水力学仪器hydrophone 水听器
inclinometer casing 测斜管
interface joint meter 界面变位计inverted plumb line 倒垂线micro piezometer 微压计
multiple position extensometer 多点位移计observation point 观测标点observation well 观测井optical alignment line 视准线plate strain meter 钢板计pneumatic piezometer 气压式渗压计pressure fluctuation meter 脉动压力计prestressed tendon anchorage dynamometer 预应力锚索测力计rock bolt extensometer 锚杆测力计single point extensometer 单点位移计spiral sensor 测扭仪
standpipe 测压管
strong-motion seismogragh 强震仪surface monument 表面标点temperature sensor 温度传感器terminal house 终端房terminal station 终端站
tilt meter 倾角计
time average pressure cell 时均压力计total pressure cell 总压力盒velometer 流速计
vertical inclinometer 垂直测斜仪
vibrating wire piezometer 震旋式渗压计vibrating wire settlement sensor 振旋式沉降仪
weir with micro piezometer 带微压计的量水堰working base point 工作基点zero stress-strain meter 砼无应力计
coil 盘绕
component 零部件coordinator 坐标仪damping box 阻尼角
differential resistance 差动电阻
double layer rubber sleeve 双层保护forced centering plate 强制对中盘instrument lead 仪器电缆invar wire 铟瓦丝metal ring 金属环
plumb coordinate meter 垂线坐标仪pulley 滑轮regulator 调节器riser 立管sensor 传感器spool 绕轴
steel socket 钢底座tablet 药片
tensioning weight 拉重锤thermistor 热敏电阻
tip 测头
安装过程（Procession of Installation）assemble 组装couple 连接embed 埋设install 安装insulate 绝缘
maintenance 维护monitor 监测
protection of instrumentation 仪器保护reduce 归纳seal 密封splice 拼接supply 提供test 测试
资料（Information）
assemble schematic 装配简图certificate 合格证书
description 使用说明书
maintenace guideline 维护指南manual 说明书
operating principle 工作原理operating restraint 操作围procedure 程序
trouble shooting procedure 鼓掌分析程序其他（Others）
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annular space 环行空间data acquisition 数据采集data recording 数据记录leas
drilling hole 引线permanent record 永久记录material)
age 龄期
cement mark(strength of cement /cement grade) 水泥标号
consumptive use of water normal consistance readout device 读数设备saturated 饱和的
seepage isolation dike 截渗堤trapezoidal 梯形
◆水工常规试验
砼原材料试验（Test of Raw and Processed Material of Concrete）骨料（Aggregate）abrasion volume by Los Angeles rattler 洛杉机磨耗量
accumulated retained percentage 累计筛余百分率
acicular and flaky grain in aggregate 针状与片状颗粒含量
alkali-aggregate reaction 碱骨料反应apparent density 视密度
bulk density (unity weight) 容重
clay lumps and friable particles in aggregate 黏土块及易碎颗粒含量
coefficient of softening 软化系数crush index 压碎指标dry state 干燥状态exceeding and inferior grain in aggregate 超逊径颗粒含量fineness modulus 细度模数
gaping place rate 空隙率
grader retained percentage 分计筛余百分率grain composition 颗粒级配grain size 粒径
lightweight matter in aggregate 轻物质含量mica content 云母含量
moisture content(water rate) 含水率mud content 含泥量organic content 有机质
含量
potential reactivity of aggregate 骨料潜在活性saturation 饱和的
sieving curve 筛分曲线
soft grain in aggregate 软弱骨料含量soundness 坚固性
surface moisture content 表面含水率water-soluble sulphide 水溶性硫化物水硬性胶凝材料(Hydraulicity cementitious
标准稠度用水量
degree of mobilization 流动性
dissolution heat ( solution heat ) 溶解热final set 终凝
flexural strength 抗弯强度flyash 粉煤灰hydration heat 水化热initial set 初凝loss on ignition(ignition loss) 烧矢量setting time 凝结时间silica fume 硅粉soundness 水泥的安定性
specific surface area 比表面积specific heat 比热
water demand ratio 吸水量比外加剂（Admixture）bubble stability 泡沫稳定性bubbling ability 起泡能力
chloride content 氯化物含量
compressive strength rate 抗压强度比contract with dry rate 干缩率dispersing coefficient 分散系数dispersing ability of water
-reducing agent 减水剂分散能力loss of slump 塌落度损失sulphate content 硫酸盐含量solid content 固体含量surface tension 表面力water-reducing rate 减水率水（Water）alkalinity 碱度calcion 钙离子carbonic acid 钙酸chlorion 氯离子equivalent concentration 当量浓度oxygen consumption 耗氧量normal solution
(standard solution) 标准溶液PH value PH值
water analysis 水值分析砼（Concrete）砼拌和物（Mixture）
assurance strength of concrete 砼保证强度bleeding rate 泌水率
cement-sand ration 灰砂比
design strength of concrete 砼设计标号flowability of concrete 砼的流动性
mix proportion (proportion of mixture) 砼配合比
mixture uniformity 拌和物的均匀性
penetration-obstruction method 贯入阻力法probability of ensuring strength of concrete 砼强度保证率
sand rate 砂率
unit consumption of water 单位用水量water retention (water retentiveness) 保水性water-cement ratio 水灰比
硬化砼（Hardened concrete）
axial tensile strength 轴向抗拉强度
coefficient of thermal conductivity 导热系数cooling rate 冷却率
core of concrete 砼芯样
creep deformation (time deformation ) 变变形
form coefficient(form factor) 形状系数freezing -melting circulation 冻融循环frost-resistance mark 抗冻标号heat property of concrete 砼热学性能height-diameter ration 高径比
linear expansion coefficient 线膨胀系数loss of weight 重量损失natural frequency 自振频率
permeate 渗透
permeated height 渗透高度
permeated-resisting mark 抗渗标号
relative coefficient of permeability 相对渗透系数
resonance frequency 共振频率
sample 试件
self-grown volume deformation（砼）自生体积变形
splitting tensile strength 劈裂抗拉强度
static compressive modulus of elasticity 静力抗压弹数
temperature conductivity 导温系数tensile modulus of elasticity 抗拉弹性模量thermal insulation warming 绝热温升ultimate tensile strain 极限拉应变ultimate tensile strength 极限抗拉强度
wear rate 磨损率
wear-resisting strength 抗冲磨强度砂浆（Cement）
cement lime mortar 水泥灰砂浆cement mortar 水泥砂浆
cement-clay mortar 水泥黏土砂浆epoxy mortar 环氧砂浆lime mortar 灰砂浆plastering mortar 抹面砂浆pointing joint mortar 勾缝砂浆土（Soil）accumulation curve (cumulative curve) 累计曲线
activity index 活性指标
angle of friction 摩擦角
Atterberg limits(water content as limit) 阿太堡界限（界限含水量）
California bearing ratio 载重比coarse-grained soil 粗粒土
coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数coefficient of cubical
compressibility 体积压缩系数coefficient of curvature 曲率系数compression 压缩compression index 压缩指数
compression modulus 压缩模数
consolidated-undrained (quick) shear test 固结不排水剪（固结快剪）试验consolidated-drained (slow) shear test 固结不排水剪（慢剪）试验
consolidation 固结
consolidation coefficient 固结系数consolidation settlement 固结沉降consolidation stress 固结应力
continuous grading/gradation 连接级配contraction test(shrinkage test) 收缩试验core cutter method 环刀法creep curve 蠕变曲线
critical slope 逸出坡降（临界坡降）Darcy's law 达西定律
degree of consolidation 固结度degree of free swelling 自由膨胀率direct shear test 直接剪切试验
direct shear test of reiteration 反复直剪强度试验
distribution curve 分布曲线
drift soil (shifting soil/mass flow) 流土
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effective angle of inner friction 有效摩擦角effective strength envelope 有效强度包线强度
unconsolidated undrained test 不固结不排水expansion force 膨胀力
expansion ration(specific expansion) 膨胀率filtering flow(seepage flow) 渗流
fine-grained soil 细粒土flow net(drift net) 流网hydraulic slope 水力坡降hydrometer method 比重计法hydrostatic head method 常水头法limit equilibrium state 极限平衡状态liquefaction 液化liquid limit 液限liquidity index 液化指标maximum dry density 最大干密度method of sieving 筛分法
Mohr's stress circle 莫力应力圆
Mohr-coulomb failure criteria 莫尔-库伦破坏准则
normal stress 法向应力（正应力）oedometer curve 压缩曲线
optimum moisture content 最优含水量piping 管涌
plastic limit 塑限
plasticity index 塑性指标
pore water pressure 空隙水压力porosity 空隙率
principal stress 主应力
Proctor compaction test 普氏击实试验relative density 相对密度
sand replacement method 灌砂法saturability (saturation degree/percent saturation) 饱和度
saturated unit weight 饱和容重
seepage deformation 渗透变形
seepage force(seepage pressure) 渗透力seepage line 渗透线
seepage speed 渗透速度shear stress 切向应力（剪应力）shrinkage limit 缩限skip(gap/jump) grading 间断级配specific gravity of soil particle 土粒比重steady seepage field 稳定渗流场stress path 应力路径
total strength envelope 总强度包线triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验
unconfined compression strength 无侧限抗压
剪（快剪）试验
variable head method 变水头法void(pore) ratio 隙比
water replacement method 灌水法wet density 湿密度其它建筑材料
钢筋（steel ）
bending and unbending 反复弯曲cold bending test 冷弯试验elongation test 拉伸试验nominal diameter 公称直径ratio of elongation 伸长率relaxation test 松弛试验steel strand 钢绞线
tensile yield strength 拉伸屈服强度ultimate tensile strength 极限抗拉强度木材（Wood）
curshing strength paralled to the grain 顺纹抗压强度
tensile strength paralled to the grain 顺纹抗拉强度crushing strength across th e grain 横纹抗压强度
tensile strength across to the grain 横纹抗拉强度沥青（Asphalt）
brittle temperature test 脆化点试验expansion test 延伸度试验penetration test 针入式试验softening point test 软化点试验test of aging 老化试验viscosity test 粘滞性试验
质量管理（Quality Management）average 平均值
deviation standard(error of mean squares) 均差
deviation coefficient(dispersion coefficient) 离差系数
index of correlation 相关系数management limit 管理界限mathematic statistics 数理统计maximum 最大值minimum 最小值
normal distribution 正态分布quality assurance 质量保证
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quality examination 质量检测regression curve 回归曲线relative dampness 相对湿度sample capacity 样本容量sampling frequency 取样频率specimen 样品statistical analysis 统计分析technical specification 技术规technical standard 技术标准testing circumstance 试验环境testing error 试验误差testing regulation 试验规程variance analysis 差分析◆地质(Geology)
地质年代（Geochronology of Geologic Ages）
Archaeozoic era (erathem) 太古代（界）Proterozoic era (erathem) 元古代（界）Palaeozoic era (erathem) 古生代（界）Mesozoic era (erathem) 中生代（界）Cenozoic era (erathem) 新生代（界）Sinian period (system) 震旦纪（系）Cambrian period (system) 寒武纪（系）Ordovician period (system) 奥纪（系）Silurian period (system) 志留纪（系）Devonian period (system) 泥盘纪（系）
Carboniferous period (system) 碳纪（系）Permian period (system) 二叠纪（系）Triassic period (system) 三叠纪（系）Jurassic period (system) 侏罗纪（系）Cretaceous period (system) 白垩纪（系）Tertiary period (system) 第三纪（系）Quaternary period (system) 第四纪（系）地质构造（Geologic Structural）fault 断层
normal fault 正断层reversed fault 逆断层parallel fault 平移断层gouge 断层泥stria 擦痕joint 节理
primary joint 原生节理secondary joint 次生节理tension joint 节理
unloading joint 卸荷节理schistosity 片理bedding 层理
foliation 板理（叶理）ripple mark 波痕mud crack 泥痕
rain print 雨痕
orientation of bedrock 岩层产状strike 走向dip 倾向
angle of dip (dip angle ) 倾角fold 褶皱anticline 背斜syncline 向斜
Monocline (homocline) 单斜dome 穹隆
soft stratum 软弱岩层
zone of fracture(broken zone ) 破碎带affected zone 影响带platy structure 板状构造cleavage 解理
fracture(rupture) 断裂
fissure(crack/fracture) 裂隙岩类型（Rock type）petrology 岩学igneous rock 火成岩magmatic rock 岩浆岩lava(vocanic rock) 火山岩intrusive (invade) rock 侵入岩effusive rock 深成岩pypabussal rock 浅成岩acid rock 酸性岩
inter-mediate rock 中性岩basic rock 基性岩
ultrabasic rock 超基性岩granite 花岗岩porphyry 斑岩rhyolite 玢岩syenite 流纹岩trachyte 粗面岩diorite 闪长岩andesite 安山岩gabbro 辉长岩basalt 玄武岩aplite 细晶岩
pegmatite 伟晶岩lamprophyre 煌斑岩diabase 辉绿岩dunite 橄榄岩pumice 浮岩
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sedimentary rock 沉积岩clastic rock 碎屑岩clay rock 黏土岩chemical rock 化学岩biolith 生物岩conglomerate 砾岩siltstone 粉砂岩mudstone 泥岩shale 页岩saline rock 盐岩limestone 灰岩dolomite 白云岩marl 泥灰岩
volcanic breccia 火山角砾岩volcanic agglomerate 火山块集岩tuff 凝灰岩metamorphic rock 变质岩slate 板岩phyllite 千枚岩schist 片岩gneiss 片麻岩quartzite 英岩marble 岩mylonite 糜棱岩migmatite 混合岩
cataclasite 碎裂岩
sediment(deposit) 沉积物（层）boulder 漂、顽cobble 卵gravel 砾
sand 砂
siltstone 粉土clay 黏土
sandy clay 砂质黏土clayey sand 粘质砂土sandy loam 壤土、亚黏土regolith ( topsoil ) 浮土、表土loess 黄土laterite 红土peat 泥炭
ooze 软泥、海泥造岩矿物（Rock-forming Minerals）talc 滑gypsum 膏calcite 解fluorite 萤
apatite 磷灰feldspar 长quartz 英topaz 黄玉
corundum 刚玉diamand 金刚orthoclase 正长plagloclase 斜长biotite 黑云母muscovite 白云母amphibole 角闪phroxene 辉olivine 橄榄dolomite 白云kaolinite 高岭
montmorillonite 蒙脱bentonite 斑脱、膨润土illite 伊力garnet 榴子chlorite 绿泥serpentine 蛇纹pyrite 黄铁矿hematite 赤铁矿magnetite 磁铁矿limonite 褐铁矿工程地质（Engineering Geology）
Geotechnics ( geotechnique) 土工学（土工技术、岩工程）
rock mechanics 岩力学soil mechanics 土力学
geomechanics 地质力学、岩力学engineering geological conditons 工程地质条件engineering geological problem 工程地质问题rock mass structure 岩体结构
geographic and geomorphic conditions 地形地貌条件
geophysical phenomenon 物理地质现象hydrogeological conditions 水文地质条件natural materials 天然材料reservoir 水库settlement 沉降displacement 位移deformation 变形
tectonic stress 构造应力residual stress 残余应力angle of internal friction 摩擦角
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cohesion 聚力（粘聚力、凝聚力）pressure tunnel 压力隧洞
underground cavern/cavity 地下洞室overburden 覆盖物
bed rock(base rock/foundation rock) 基岩firm/sound rock 坚硬岩weak/soft rock 软弱岩interbed 夹层
zone of fracture (broken zones ) 破碎带homogeneity 均质性
nonhomogeneity/heterogeneity 非均质性vein dyke 岩脉
sediment(deposit) 沉积物（层）alluvium 冲积物（层）
proluvium(diluvium) 洪积物（层）deluvium 坡积物（层）eluvium 残积物（层）eolian deposit 风积物（层）lake deposit 湖积物（层）marine deposit 海积物（层）glacial (drift) deposit 冰川沉积物（层）colluvial deposit (colluvium) 崩积物（层）isotropy 各向同性anisotropy 各向异性
矿物质的物理性质(Physical Character of Minerals)
hardness 硬度luster 光泽color 颜色
transparencey/pellucidity 透明度streak 条痕rent/fracture 断口crystal form 晶形岩学(Petrology) classification 分类structure 构造应力
texture 结构fabric 组构
mineral composition 矿物组成crystalline 结晶质
amorphous substance 非晶质fossil 化
degree of rounding 磨圆度degree of grains 粒度
地层地貌(Stratum andPhysiognomy) basin 盆地
river valley 河谷river bed 河床topography 地形terrain 地势
attitude 产状
rock base ( batholite) 岩基rock stock 岩株rock flow 岩流rock loccolith 岩盖rock lopolith 岩盆rock dike 岩墙rock sill 岩床
cross-bedding 交错层
geologic structure 地质构造geotectonics 大地构造学graben 地堑horst 地垒cordance(conformity) 整合
discordance(unconformity) 非整合deceptive cordance /conformity 假整合地质作用(Physical Geology Action) weathering 风化erosion 侵蚀
transportation 搬运deposition/sediment 沉积denudation 剥蚀corrasion 磨蚀corrosion 腐蚀dissolution 溶蚀landslide 滑坡collapse(rock fall) 崩塌mud flow 泥流earthquake 地震intensity 烈度magnitude 震级
◆水文(Hydrology)
ground water(subsurface water) 地下水surface water 地表水
atmospheric water 大气水runoff 径流
fresh /plain /sweet water 淡水river flow/discharge 河水流量peak flood flow 洪峰流量flood out flow 洪水下泄流量dry season 枯水季wet season 丰水季flood (raining) season 汛期non-flood season 非汛期。