上海2016-2017学年高三英语一模二模--完型填空--科普类(上)(3篇)(T)

2016-2017学年高三一模二模科普及体育类完型填空专项训练
2017浦东新区一模完形填空
III. Reading Comprehension (45%)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Everybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species－defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then ___41___ －runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand, hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads(蔗蟾蜍) and rats.
Some things that are uncontroversial(无争议的) are nevertheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to ___42___ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort －for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.
Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful nor very ___43___. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. ___44___, Britain’s invasive plants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a(n) ___45___ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always ___46___ biological diversity(多样性) in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise ___47___ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature’s opportunists.
The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also ___48___. Elimination campaigns tend to be ___49___ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature －to return woods and lakes to the state
before human ___50___. That is misguided. Nature is an everlasting mess, with species constantly emerging, withdrawing and hybridizing(杂交). Humans have only quickened these processes. Going back to ancient habitats is becoming ___51___ in any case, because of man-made climate change. Taking on the invaders is a(n) ___52___ gesture, not a means to an achievable end.
A reasonable attitude to invaders need not imply passivity. A few foreign species are truly ___53___ and should be fought: the Nile perch －a fish, has helped drive many species of fish to extinction in Lake Victoria. It makes sense to ___54___ pathogens(病菌), especially those that destroy whole native tree species, and to stop known agricultural pests from gaining a foothold. Fencing off wildlife reserves to create open-air ecological museums is fine, too. And it is a good idea for European gardeners to destroy Japanese plants, just as they give no space to native harmful grasses like bindweed and ground elder. You can garden in a garden. You cannot garden ___55___. That is universally accepted.
41. A. multiplied B. shrunk C. disappeared D. harvested
42. A. conserve B. eliminate C. investigate D. prioritize
43. A. healthy B. intentional C. harmful D. profitable
44. A. As a result B. For example C. By contrast D. In fact
45. A. attraction B. dominance C. annoyance D. substitute
46. A. increases B. destroys C. reveals D. targets
47. A. oppressed B. disturbed C. cultivated D. preserved
48. A. acceptable B. needless C. mistaken D. convincing
49. A. fuel(l)ed B. organized C. interrupted D. greeted
50. A. civilization B. interference C. interaction D. maintenance
51. A. tolerable B. impossible C. beneficial D. critical
52. A. reluctant B. disorderly C. invalid D. unbalanced
53. A. damaging B. flexible C. doubtful D. outstanding
54. A. pick up B. take in C. keep out D. turn down
55. A. agriculture B. vegetation C. atmosphere D. nature
答案：ABCDC ABCAB BCACD
较难词汇：
1. invasive: 侵略性的攻击性的
2. practical: 实际的实用性的
3. vigorous:有力的精力充沛的
4. drive....to extinction: 逼迫....灭绝
5. restore: 恢复修复归还
6. multiply: 成倍增加繁殖
7. eliminate:消除排除
8. invalid:无效的残废的
9. fuel: 供以燃料刺激
2017二模长宁区完形填空
fish,” she might say. So is Amazon’s Alexa, Microsoft’s Cortana, Samsung’s S Voice, and Google Now. But, man,
translates to “a beautiful woman who leads you to victory.” We assign female pronouns to them, and, in turn, they fold feminine turns of phrase into their robotic and occasionally inane answers to our requests.
biggest reason for the female phone fixation rests in social science. “Research indicates there’s likely to be greater
human-computer interaction. MacDorman and his team played clips of male and female voices to people of both
responded to the voices. In a 2011 paper, they reported that both women and men said female voices came across as
subconsciously neutral.
perceive female voices as helping them solve their problems by themselves, while they view male voices as
be the boss of it, so we are more likely to opt for a female interface（接口程序）.
customers with a woman’s voice. But not just any voice. It has to (50)________ a brand’s personality. For help with that, companies often turn to Greg Pal, vice president of marketing, strategy, and business development at Nuance Communications, which licenses its (51)________ of more than 100 voices. Pal insists that some brands choose male speakers. He turned on his iPhone and pulled up the Domino’s Pizza app, which has an assis tant, Dom. He sounded like a high school English teacher—educated and helpful but not (52)________. That’s about right for a brand attempting to (53)________guys ordering pies before the big game.
As voice technology improves, though, designers say diversity will too. Many devices already let you (54)________ a voice interface. Homer Simpson ,a famous cartoon character,can tell you where to take a left on your GPS device. And Siri can become a sir, if you take the time to (55)________. Want to know how to do it? Ask her. She’ll tell you in her uniquely warm, helpful—and female—tone.
41. A. robotic B.high-tech C. genderless D. creative
42. A. Culturally B.Obviously C. Grammatically D.Undoubtedly
43. A. female B. ridiculous C. professional D.reasonable
44. A. charm B. professors C. speech D. participants
45. A. accepted B. misunderstood C. studied D. preferred
46. A.In practice B.On the contrary C.By this means D.At first
47. A.neutrality B.prejudice C. authority D.conscience
48. A.interaction B.technology C.personality D.society
49. A.more sociable B.more talented C.broader D. wealthier
50. A. improve B.develop C.admire D. suit
51. A.market B. business C. research D. library
52. A. strange B. bossy C. reliable D. unique
53. A.appeal to B.look into C.meet with D.run after
54. A.build B.tailor C. play D. improve
55. A.repeat B.assist C. reprogram municate
Keys: 41-45 CAACD 46-50 ABBCD 51-55 DBABC
2017二模奉贤区完形填空
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Direction: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Robots’ Intelligence
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly complicated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be 41 , according to computer science professor Stuart Russell if we figure
into a programmable code.
Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI
, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the44 children. “You would want that robot 45 with a good set of values,” said Russell.
Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been
programmed to keep a
talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing
brought-up person would do.
It will be possible to
human values as clear rules. Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are 49 .
with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient
some kind of taboo(禁忌). One simple check would be
to program
situation.
If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out
beeps, and ask for
somebody else.
The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in 54 , and how
an answer, robots could be good for humanity.
41. A. avoided B. revised C. increased D. rejected
42. A. personalities B. behaviors C. intentions D. values
43. A. Instead B. For example C. After all D. As a result
44. A. special B. demanding C. bright D. starving
45. A. preloaded B. downloaded C. uploaded D. upgraded
46. A. comfortable B. private C. sufficient D. noticeable
47. A. literarily B. independently C. properly D. naturally
48. A. manufacture B. install C. introduce D. create
49. A. careless B. senseless C. powerless D. thoughtless
50. A. doubt B. threat C. concern D. prospect
51. A. subject B. prohibit C. observe D. break
52. A. similar B. familiar C. unusual D. ideal
53. A. permission B. guidance C. feedback D. comment
54. A. principle B. moral C. standard D. technology
55. A. look into B. pick out C. turn to D. come up with
41-45 A D B D A 46-50 A C D A C 51-55 D C B B D
较难词汇
sufficient adj.足够的，充足的
noticeable adj.显而易见的，明显的;引人注目的，令人瞩目的;显著的，重要的;可以察觉的
prospect
v. 勘探
n. 可能性，预期；(加s)前景
subject
n.主题，话题;学科，科目;[哲]主观
adj.须服从…的;（在君主等）统治下的v.提供，提出;使…隶属
be subject to 受支配；从属于；常遭受pick out 挑出；分辨出
look into调查…。