高考英语基础语法谓语动词的讲义

课程主题：谓语动词
学习目标掌握谓语动词的基本用法。

结合高考真题及模拟题分析谓语动词的考点。

教学内容
【知识梳理】
考点一动词的时态
动词各种时态的形式(以do为例) ，加粗的为课标要求掌握的十大时态，其余了解即可。

一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态
现在do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去did was/were doing had done had been doing
将来
will/shall do will/shall be
doing
will/shall have
done
will/shall have been
doing
过去将来would/should
do
would/should be
doing
would/should
have done
would/should have
been doing
一、一般现在时 (do/does)
1.表示经常或习惯性的动作，常与表频率的时间状语连用；也可表示现时的情况或状态等。

例1 New year in Chinese people’s eyes means a family reunion. Every year _sees_(see) the largest annual mass migration on the planet when one sixth of the world’s population travels home to celebrate with their families.
2.表示观事实、普遍真理，不受主句的时态限制。

例2 The geography teacher told his students that the earth _moves_ (move)around the sun.
3.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

例3 My mother will be very angry with me when she _finds_ (find) out I’m lying.
二、一般过去时(did)
1.表示过去某个特定时间或某段时间内所发生的动作或存在的状态。

例4 [2021新高考Ⅰ,61]You can’t help wondering how hard it _was (be) for the people then
to put all those rocks into place.
2.在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。

例5 He knew by the time he _arrived (arrive) she would have prepared everything for him.
3.用于虚拟语气句中，表示与现在事实相反的行为或状态。

例6 Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he did (do) something instead of just talking. 三、一般将来时(will/shall do)
表示将要发生的动作或将来存在的状态,常与表示将来时间的状语连用,如: tomorrow,next month/..., from now on, in the future等。

例7 A gap year is about gaining skills that will help (help) you in the future.
四、现在完成时(have/has done)
1.表示过去发生并已完成的某个动作,强调对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,常与yet, already, just, before, recently, lately, ever等时间状语连用。

例8 Thanks to advances in technology, the way we make friends and communicate with them _has changed_ (change) significantly.
2.表示开始于过去、持续到现在并可能持续下去的动作或状态。

常与these days, up to now, so far,"for+时间段"或"since+时间点"等连用。

例9 [2018北京,7]China’s high-speed railways _have grown__ (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
3.常用现在完成时的固定句型：
This/It is the first /second/...time+ (that) 从句.
This/It is the+形容词最高级+名词+ (that) 从句.
It is/has been+一段时间+since从句.
例10 I am not familiar with the song —it’s the first time I have heard (hear) it.
五、过去完成时(had done)
1.表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成或结束的动作,是"过去的过去"。

例11 [2020江苏,26]Instead of getting down to a new task as I had expected (expect) , he examined the previous work again.
2.表示从过去某一时刻之前已经开始,一直持续到这一过去时刻的动作或状态。

常和 for, by, until, before等构成的时间状语连用。

例12 In Beijing, there _had been (be) more than 21,100 people on the list by the end of 2017 since the city started a body donation registry in 1999.
3.常用过去完成时的固定句型:
hardly/scarcely...when... no sooner...than...
This/It was the first/second/...time+ (that) 从句.
例13 My parents were very anxious about me, because it was the first time that I had lived (live) abroad alone.
4.表示"希望、认为、打算"的动词(如hope, want, expect, think ,mean, plan, intend) 用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现。

例14 [2019天津， 2]I had hoped (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
六、现在进行时和过去进行时(am/is/are doing和was/were doing)
1.表示某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作。

例15 Professor Johnson, along with his students, _is working (work) on the program day and
night to meet the deadline nowadays.
2.表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作。

例16 Tom had to pack his things up quickly, because he was told that this taxi _was leaving (leave) in 2 minutes.
3.用于固定句型"be doing...when..."中。

例17 Jackson _was working (work) on his report when the professor phoned
him.
【课堂练习】
1.Impressed by the beauty of a desert beside the Yellow River, Wang Wei stopped off and wrote (write) a timeless classic poem:"In the vast desert rises straight, lonely smoke; the grand, long river _reflects__ (reflect) the round setting sun."
2.Over the past decade, a global push to reduce hunger and extreme poverty has marked (mark) some significant success
3.It was time for me to try my hand, so I took up the brush, _dipped_ (dip) it in the ink, and carefully wrote "one" in Chinese.
4.When we read a poem, we often imagine what the poets were thinking (think) when they wrote or what they were doing at the time.
5.For the past four days I have been taking (take) part in a disability arts festival as a member of a choir (合唱团) set up specially to perform at this festival. Looking forward to the day of performance!
6.By the time he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learned/learnt (learn)advanced mathematics all by himself.
7.If we keep on doing this practice, gradually, we will learn (learn) how to express ourselves in English better.
8.Justin apologized to his teacher and promised that he would correct (correct)his mistakes.
9.I had expected (expect) to attend another lecture but time didn’t permit.
10.—Hi, let’s go skating.
—Sorry, I’m busy right now. I am filling (fill) in an application form for a new job.
【知识梳理】
考点二动词的语态
一、被动语态的构成
现在过去将来
一般时态am/is/are done was/were done will/shall be done
进行时态am/is/are being done was/were being done
完成时态has/have been done had been done will/shall have been done
例1 When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike _was expected (expect) to become a
world champion by his coach and parents.
【例题精讲】
例2 Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which is called (call) the Pacific, and we met no storms.
例3 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _will be rewarded__ (reward) with success in the end.
例4 Shakespeare’s play Hamlet _has been adapted (adapt) for different films over the past years. 例5 After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it
_was being decorated (decorate) .
二、无被动语态的动词(短语)
1.不及物动词(短语)： happen, occur, take place, remain, run out, break out等。

2.少数及物动词(短语)： lack, benefit, mean (意思是) , belong to, suffer from, date back to, consist of等。

常考查其作非谓语的用法。

例6 Mrs. Smith says the secret to her beauty lies in her special diet, consisting (consist) of organic vegetables, fruit and nuts grown in her own garden.
例7 In the sixteenth century, fruit and vegetables were to be found only in gardens belonging (belong) to wealthy people.
三、主动形式表被动意义
1."系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste等+形容词/名词"。

例8 The water felt (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 2."need, require, want, be worth等+v-ing"。

例9 My watch can’t work; it needs repairing (repair) .
例10 It’s worth _making__ (make) an appointment before you go.
3.某些行为动词常与well ，easily等副词连用表示被动意义，如read, write, clean, cook, sell等。

例11 The novel sells(sell) well, so the manager has placed another order in the printing house. 【课堂练习】
1.This kind of cloth has been sold out in no time at the trade fair because it _washes (wash) very easily.
2.[2016江苏， 22]More efforts, as reported, will be made(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
3.The Mid-Autumn Festival is a very important traditional festival in China, which takes its name from the fact that it is celebrated (celebrate) in the middle of autumn.
4.The tower which _is being restored_ (restore) will be open to tourists soon. As we can see, the work is almost finished.
5.By the time he was 30, he had been regarded (regard) as one of the outstanding sculptors.
6.Our football team _was defeated (defeat) by the visiting team, which made our fans sad and disappointed.
7.Dr. Manteca has made it clear that his private collections will be left (leave) to the National Gallery after he dies.
【知识梳理】
考点三主谓一致
一、语法一致原则
语法一致原则即主语和谓语动词在人称和单复数形式上保持一致。

1.单个动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)或从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。

例1 Although medical science has achieved control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is (be) that some of them are returning.
2.主语后接with, along with, together with, like, except, but, besides, as well as等时，谓语动词的单复数形式与这些词前的主语保持一致。

例2 The outstanding atmosphere, as well as various activities, _has drawn _ (draw) many students to our school these three years.
3.定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式要与先行词保持一致。

例3 People in modern times can read the classic works which were written (write) by writers in ancient times.
二、意义一致原则
主语谓语动词
1
all, some, half, most, the rest等或由其修饰与表达的实际意义一致
some/half/most/the rest/百分数/分数+of+名词与of后名词的数一致
2
a large number of+复数名词(许多…… )复数
the number of+复数名词( ……的数量) 单数
3 a (great/large) quantity of+可数名词复数/不可数
名词单、复数均可/单数(large) quantities of+可数名词复数/不可数
名词
复数
主语谓语动词
4 "the+形容词"表示一类人
复数"the+姓氏复数"表示一家人
5 表示时间、距离、价值、度量等意义的复数名词作
主
语时,常当作整体来看
单数
6 police,cattle等表示复数含义的集合名词复数
7 sheep, means, series, species等单复数同形的名词与表达的实际意义一致
8 audience, class, team, crew, family, group, committee,
population等作主语时
指一个整
体
单数
指组成集
体的成员
复数
9 and连接并列成分作主语时表示不同
概念
复数
指同一人
或物
单数
【例题精讲】
例4 Three quarters of the surface of the earth is covered_ (cover) by water.
例5 The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved (save) for other purposes.
例6 The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has been rising(rise) steadily since 1990.
例7 A large number of volunteers have been involved (involve) in the battle against COVID-19 since its outbreak.
例8 With the development of modern agriculture and industry, large quantities of waste are created (create) every day. Every year, a large quantity of money _is spent (spend) on environmental protection.
例9 A survey of the opinions of experts shows that three hours of outdoor exercise a week is (be) good for one’s health.
例10 So far, every possible means _has been tried (try) to save the miners trapped in the coal mine.
例11 The population of our country is very large and about 36 percent of it is the rural population. (be)
例12 The poet and artist _is__(be) Lin Hua’s grandfather. He tells us a l ot about
Chinese literature and painting.
三、就近一致原则
1.由either ...or (或者……或者) ， neither ...nor (既不……也不，两者都不) ，not only ... but also (不但……而且) , or (或者) , whether ...or (是……还是) , not ... but
(不是……而是) 等连接的并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近的名词
或代词保持一致。

例13 Either you or one of your students _is__ (be) to attend the meeting that is
due tomorrow.
例14 Not only I but also Albert and Mary are (be) fond of physics, while
Robert likes maths.
2.there/here be句型中有并列主语时，谓语动词be在数上与最靠近的主语保持一致。

例15 There _is__ (be) a computer and three chairs in my new office.
【课堂练习】
1.He is the only one of the students that _is__ (be) a winner of the scholarship every year.
2.I want to borrow these two books, which are (be) my favourite.
3.After weeks of research, this new species _is/was identified _ (identify) as part of the sauropod (蜥脚类恐龙) family of dinosaurs.
4.The couple as well as their daughter are enjoying (enjoy) themselves in the park now.
5.Thus, both of them _were__ (be) worried about what had happened and turned to their head teacher for help.
6.My village, where the climate and the landscape are (be) pleasant, lies in the
mountains in southwest China.
7.The university estimates that living expenses of international students _are around $8,450 a year, which _is__ a burden for many families. (be)
8.The fact is that there is only one correct answer to this question. Either you or I am (be) wrong.
9.A survey shows that 80% of the middle-aged in this city are (be) in favour
of the proposal for health care reform.
rge quantities of food have been sent _ (send) to the flood-stricken victims in the past few days.
11.So far, reading has become (become) such an important part in my life that I can hardly imagine what life would be like without reading.
12.Every possible means _has_ been used__ (use) to prevent the air pollution, but
the sky is still not clear.
13.There are a number of clubs in our school and the number of members _is (be)still growing.
14.What is amazing about these earth buildings is (be) the fact that some of them are over 700 years old, surviving natural disasters, including earthquakes.
15.H e is(be)capable of dealing with tough problems and all of us are willing to work with him. 【知识梳理】
考点四情态动词
一、情态动词的基本用法
用法例句
情态动
词
can/could ①表示能力，意为"能,会"。

②表示客观可能性，意
为"有时 会;可能"。

③表示推测,通常用于否定句和 疑问句中 ， can 比could 语气强。

Don’t worry yourself about me, I can take care of myself.你别担心我, 我能照顾好自己。

She can’t be Mary, because Mary is in hospital. 她不可能是玛丽，因为
玛丽住院了。

情态动词 用法
例句
may/might ①表示请求和许可,意为"可以 "。

在疑问句中,might 比may 的语 气更委婉。

②表示推测,意为"可能"。

通常 用于肯定句和否定句中,might 比 may 的可能性要小一些。

—Might I go fishing with you tomorrow? 明天
我可以和你一起去钓 鱼吗？
—Yes, you may/can. 是的，你可 以。

情态动词 用法 例句
shall 表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁 等。

用于主语是第二人称或第三 人称的陈述句中。

Tell Jerry he shall get a gift if he behaves well. 告诉Jerry ，他如果表 现得好 ，会得到一个礼物。

should
①表示责任、义务、劝告、建议 等,意为"应该"。

②表示推测,意为"按理应当，估 计"。

③表示意外、惊讶、忧虑、惋惜
等情绪,意为"竟然"。

You should learn to respect the elders. 你应该学
会尊重长辈。

It’s strange (that) you should say that. 你这么说真奇怪。

情态动词 用法
例句
must ①表示义务、必要性等，意为"
必须"。

在回答由must引起的一
般疑问句时,若为否定回答,通常
用needn’t或don’t have to。

②表示很有把握的肯定推测,通
常用于肯定句中,意为"准是,肯定
是"。

③mustn’t表示"不许,禁止",是强
制的命令。

—Must I hand in my paper now?我现在必须交论文
吗？
—Yes, you must./No, you needn’t (=don’t have to) .
是的，你必须。

/不，你不必。

情态动词用法例句
need 表示必要性,常用于疑问句和否
定句中, needn’t 表示"不必"。

对
need引出的一般疑问句作肯定
回答时用must,作否定回答时用
needn’t。

My room is very clean, and I needn’t clean it
today. 我的房间很干净，我今天不需要打扫它了。

情态动词用法例句
dare 意为"敢,胆敢",主要用于疑问
句、否定句和条件句中。

I daren’t catch the mouse. 我不敢抓
老鼠。

have to 表示客观需要,意为"必须,不得
不"。

You have to be back before 10 o’clock because
the train leaves at 10:05.你必须在10:00前回来，因
为火
车10： 05发车。

情态动词+have done
对过去的推测must have done 过去一定做过……过去 (不)
可能做过……过去可
能做过……
can/could (not) have done
may/might have done
对过去情况的could have done 本能够做(却未做) ……本该做
(却未做) ……本可以做 (却未
后悔、遗憾或责备should have done 做) ……本不必做
(却做了) ……might have done
needn’t have done
例1 What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he could have done(do) better.
例2 It’s 9:00 now. Jenny should _have finished (finish) her homework.
【课堂练习】
1.Knowledge has become more and more complicated and it can’t be understood (understand) if we do not practice it again and again.
2.You have left a good impression on the HR. You must have prepared(prepare) for the interview carefully.
3.I don’t think you should give (give) up because you have been practicing for so long!
4.After checking again, I have to admit (admit) that there are some printing errors in the newspaper.
【知识梳理】
考点五虚拟语气
一、 if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
对事实的假设if从句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词
与现在事实相
反的假设过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相
反的假设had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设过去式(be用were)
were to+动词原形
should+动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形
二、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气
有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是暗含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中。

最常用的表达有： without, or, otherwise, but for等。

例1 —Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—No. Otherwise, I should/would/could/might have been (be) able to reach her
yesterday.
三、表示"命令、建议、要求等"的动词或名词后的从句中的虚拟语气 [ (should+)动词原形]
1.常见的此类动词有：一坚持(insist) ,二命令(order, command) ,三建议(suggest, advise, propose) , 四要求(require, request, demand, desire)。

例2 He insisted that she _was (be) seriously ill and that she (should) be sent (send) to hospital at once.
例3 They advise that you (should)carry (carry) a passport at all times.
例4 It is suggested that sunscreen (_should)be applied (apply) every one to two hours in a sunny day.
1.insist作"坚决要求,坚持"讲时,用来表示一种要求、请求,其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气; 而insist 作"坚持认为,坚持说"讲时,用于陈述一种看法、实情,其后的从句用陈述语气。

He insisted that he was innocent.他坚持认为他是无辜的。

2.suggest作"建议"讲时,用来表示一种意见,其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气;而suggest作" 表明,暗示"讲时,用于陈述一种实际情况,其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。

What he said suggested that he was a fraud. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。

2.常见的此类名词有： advice, suggestion, proposal, request, requirement, order, demand, desire等。

例5 My suggestion was that schools (should)take (take) necessary measures to keep the children away from violence in schools.
例6 He gave the order that all the guests (should) be greeted (greet) warmly as they arrived. 四、固定句式中的虚拟语气
现在过去将来
wish后的宾语从句过去式(be常were) had+过去分词would/should/could/might+动词原形
if only引导的条件状语
从句或感叹句过去式(be常were) had+过去分词would/could+动词原形
as if/as though引导的方
式状语从句过去式(be常were) had+过去分词would/could/might+动词原形
It is (high) time
that... 过去式或should+动词原形
例7 The pills might have helped him, if only he had taken (take) them regularly.
【课堂练习】
1.It is suggested that parents(should) limit(limit) children’s screen time.
2."You _must_ have a wrong number," she said. "There’s no one of that name here."
3.I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _should have driven(drive) her there.
4.They _should/could/might have arrived__ (arrive) at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
5.Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _had told(tell) me, I could have helped.
6.Bob could have helped us yesterday, but he was (be) too busy.
7.The requirement is that children (should) be allowed (allow) to read what they want to read.
8. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I had taken (take) your advice! 9.It’s high time that you got/should get (get) rid of your bad eating habits. 10.I don’t feel well today. Otherwise I should/could/would deal (deal) with the complaint by myself.
【考点分析】 卷别 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在完成时& 过去完成时 现在进行时& 过去进行时 情态动词后的 被动语态
2022
新Ⅰ 60. is designed 58.were 新Ⅱ 63.threw 62. was fixing 甲 67. has walked 乙 63.addressed 浙江
63.noticed
56. be
appreciated
卷别
一般现 在时 一般过去时 现在完成时& 过去完成时 现在进行时& 过去进行时 情态动词后的 被动语态
新Ⅰ 61.was 新Ⅱ 63.was 甲 61. was built 66.hired
乙
2021 浙江
60.was painted 65.sold 56. has proved/ has proven
卷别
一般现在时
一般过去 时 现在完成时& 过去完成时 现在进行时& 过去进行时 情态动词后的 被动语态
2020 新Ⅰ 60. are called 61.is 58.formed
新Ⅱ 63.is 64.are encouraged
Ⅰ 67.means 68.is constructed 61.touched
Ⅱ 62.carries
Ⅲ 66.pointed 63. be chosen
浙江
59. was
needed 65.meant
61. had discovered
卷别
一般现在时 一般过去 时 现在完成时& 过去完成时 现在进行时& 过去进行时 情态动词后 的被动语态
Ⅰ
70.are
65. have reported
Ⅱ 64.declared 66.have made
2019
Ⅲ 65.recommended 69.were invited
浙江 56.has/will have
62.improved
59.cycling (构成 谓语are cycling)
卷别
一般现在 时 一般过去 时 现在完成时& 过去完成时 现在进行时& 过去进行时 情态动词后的 被动语态
2018
Ⅰ 64.is
Ⅱ 68.started 61. has grown Ⅲ 69.meant 浙江
60. was shocked
1 动词的时态[全国卷5年30考]
【真题演练】
1. [2022新高考Ⅱ,62]Henry was fixing (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
2.[2022新高考Ⅱ,63]He quickly threw (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
3.[2021北京， 13]When you sleep, your brain... trying to link new experiences to old
memories. As it connects (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.
4.[2021天津3月， 3]We _have done (do) qui te enough work for the morning; now let’s take a break
5.[2020浙江， 61]By about 6000 BC, people had discovered (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
6.[2019浙江，56]When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _has/will have (have) to worry about fashion (时尚) .
7.[2019全国Ⅱ ， 66]I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made (make) over the years.
8.[2018江苏， 31]Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we
will have developed (develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
全国卷语法填空对于动词时态的考查涉及一般现在时(必考,5年10考)、一般过去时(必考,5年15考) 和现在完成时(常考,5年4考) ;地方卷还会涉及过去完成时、
一般将来时等时态的考查。

考生通常可以根据句中明显的时间标志词(如左边第5、 7、 8题)和上下文时态来判断时态,但尤其要注意没有明显时间状语的试题。

【课堂练习】
1.[2022新高考Ⅰ,58]The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that
_were__ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 2.[2022浙江,63]When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s "Mona Lisa", he noticed (notice) her smile right away.
3.[2021浙江,56]It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois,has proven/proved (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
4.[2021浙江, 65]After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and sold (sell) most of their furniture.
5.[2020全国Ⅰ, 61]The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess —touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
6.[2020浙江,65]New methods meant (mean) that fewer people worked in farming.
In the last century or so...
7.[2019全国Ⅱ, 66]I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I
_h_a_v_e_ma___d_e__ (make) over the years.
8.[2019全国Ⅲ， 65]Our hosts shared many of their experiences and recommended (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
9.[2019浙江,62]One study in America found that students’ grades improved(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
10.[2018浙江11月,56 & 57]You probably have used/have been using (use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine _was (be) in your first Coke.
11.[2018全国Ⅱ,61]Since 2011, the country has grown (grow) more corn than
rice.
2 动词的语态[全国卷5年7考]
【真题演练】
9.[2022浙江,56]But how can a painting be appreciated (appreciate) by someone who’s blind?
10.[2022浙江1月,57]Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like —
frequently by plane —is viewed/has been viewed (view) as important for scientists to get
together and exchange information.
11.[2022全国甲,61]It (The Xi’an City Wall) are thrown (build) originally to protect the city during the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复) .
12.[2018北京,9]A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who_had been trapped (trap)
in the mountains for two days.
被动语态在全国卷语法填空中的考查主要涉及:
1.一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态;
2.情态动词后的被动语态。

地方卷中会涉及其他时态的被动语态。

【课堂练习】
1.[2021浙江,60]Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home was painted (paint) white.It was sweet and fresh..."
2.[2020全国Ⅰ,67 & 68]"This really excites scientists,"Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it _means_ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed(construct) ."
3.[2020全国Ⅲ,63]The artist was sure he would be chosen (choose) , but when
he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
4.[2020浙江,59]And, as more children were born, more food was needed (need) .
5.[2019全国Ⅲ,69]On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
考向3 主谓一致[全国卷5年20考]
【真题演练】
13.[2021新高考Ⅱ,63]One of the biggest companies I wrote to was (be) Alaska Airlines.
14.[2020新高考Ι,40]The parts of a museum open to the public are called (call) galleries or rooms.
15.[2020全国Ⅱ,62]This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _carries(carry) special significance.
16.[2020新高考Ⅱ,63]Because the number of possible topics is (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology.
17.[2020江苏,22]If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that
_suits (suit) everyone.
18.[2019天津,8]Amy, as well as her brothers, was_given (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
语法填空中的主谓一致通常会与动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。

近几年全国卷除了考查代词或名词作主语时的主谓一致外,还涉及:
1.非谓语动词作主语;
2."one of+可数名词复数"作主语;
3."the number of+可数名词复数"作主语。

地方卷还会涉及there be结构、 as well as或along with等连接的并列成分作主语。

【课堂练习】
1.[2019全国Ⅰ, 70]Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _are(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
2.[2019江苏,22]The musician along with his band members _has given__ (give) ten performances in the last three months.
3.[2018全国Ⅰ,64]While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
注意
1. 情态动词通常会与被动语态一起考查。

2. 虚拟语气在近几年的全国卷中都没有考查，地方卷偶有考查在suggest, advise等后的名词性从句中的用法。

【课后巩固】
一、单句语法填空
1.[2023四川宜宾一模]In 1997 and 2000, nine of the best-known classical gardens of Suzhou were added (add) to the UNESCO World Heritage List.
2.[2023山东日照校际期中联考]Wang Jing, a woman from Shenyang city, Liaoning province in northeast China, has been engaged/has engaged/ has been engaging (engage) in this novel art form for 27 years.
novel在此作形容词，意为"与众不同的"。

3.[2023广东广州三校联考]The planet you’re looking for is
4.65 billion miles away. Almost no light_reaches_ (reach) it.
4.[2023四川泸州一模]In 2011, Zhu was conducting_ (conduct) a survey along with his colleagues when h e saw a plant that he didn’t recognize.
5.[2023广西柳州统考]The Daoqing shadow puppetry (皮影戏) in Gansu has been (be) on the national intangible cultural heritage list since 200
6.
6.[2023四川泸州一模]In 2014, the SEE_launched__ (launch) a project titled "one million saxaul trees". By the end of 2018, the organization had achieved (achieve) half of its goal.
7.[2023山东日照校际期中联考]"Painting on paper with knives_is_(be) a delicate art and each line in the painting _is__ (be) as thin as a hair," said Wang, adding that once the marks are left on the paper, they cannot _be___recovered____ (recover) ,so it requires the painter to be completely absorbed in the work.
8.[2023广西柳州统考]In recent years, much work has been done_ (do) to protect
our intangible cultural heritage.
9.[2023江苏南京外国语学校期中]Emerging evidence in humans suggests a typically Western high-fat, high-sugar junk food diet can quickly weaken (weak) your brain’s appetite control. 10.[2023海南省琼海市嘉积中学期中]If they show their green codes when entering the facility, their visits will be recorded (record) automatically.
11.[2023陕西长安一中期中]According to CBC, a medical program named "PaRx" has been launched(launch) recently by the government.
named "PaRx"是过去分词短语作定语，空处在句中作谓语。

12.[2023江苏南京六校联合体阶段练]As archaeologists explored ancient tombs in Turfan in western China, they_discovered__ (discover) some surprisingly well-
preserved and hardened dumplings.
13.[2023四川省盐亭中学阶段练]Du Fu is considered (consider) to be one of
the greatest poets of the Tang Dynasty in China.
14.[2023四川省盐亭中学阶段练]Du Fu finally moved to Sichuan, where he lived in a cottage and wrote_ (write) many poems describing his relatively happy life.
15.[2023四川省盐亭中学阶段练]His last years _were spent_ (spend) moving from place to place, including a two-year period at Kuizhou (Fengjie County today) .
16.I had hoped_ (hope) to finish the novel borrowed from a friend of mine,
but I couldn’t manage it.
17.[2023福建厦门外国语中学阶段练]Had it not been for their timely rescue, the old
lady_would/should/could_/might have lost (lose) her life.
18.[2023新疆石河子一中阶段练]I advised that he __(should) be sent (send) to
the hospital at once, but he insisted that he_felt (feel) quite well then.
advise表示"建议"时，后跟的宾语从句谓语要用" (should+) 动词原形"。

insist表示"坚持说"时，后跟的宾语从句谓语用陈述语气。

19.We should take into account students’ suggestion that the school library __(should_)provide (provide) more books on popular science.
20.Guide dogs offer social, physical and mental benefits to some people who are(be) blind. Training them is an expensive and long process.
dies and gentlemen, please turn off your cell phones or laptops. The plane_is taking (take) off.
22.Follow the instructions on the packet when you take the drug, and the drug, I think,will work (work) soon.。