英语主谓“三一致”原则

They each work very hard at English now. 他们每个人现在都在刻苦地学习英语。
We each have something to say at the meeting. 我们每人在会上都有些话要说。
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语法一致
None of the money was ever recovered. 那笔钱一个子儿也没收回来。
Tobacco, along with alcohol, is taxed in most countries in the world. 除了酒以外，烟草在世界上多数国家都要征税。
I, together with my two sons, am watching the track & field competition. 我和两个儿子，正在观看田径比赛。
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6. All but one _____ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were
Fifty miles __is__ (be) not far by car.
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就近一致
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就近一致
neither…nor,
knows
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A QUICK QUIZ 【速测】
Multiple choice:
1. On the wall______ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging
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[注：and 连接的两个名词如指的是同一个人、同一件事、同一概念等，通 常只在第一个名词前加冠词 a/an 或 the，反之，则在两个名词前都要加冠词 （如是不可数名词也可不加），其后的谓语需用复数形式。]
Reading and writing are very important for language learning. 读写对语言学习很重要。
Over sixty per cent of the city __w_a_s__ (be) destroyed in the war.
Thirty-five per cent of the doctors there __a_r_e__/ _w_e__re__ (be) women.
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概念一致
What he needs now is fork and knife. 他现在所需的是刀和叉。
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概念一致
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概念一致
Ten minutes __is__ (be) enough.
One dollar and seventy eight cents __is__ (be) what she has.
Many a student in this class _s_t_u_d_i_e_s__ (study) hard.
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语法一致
(5) each (one) of + 复数代词，谓语动用单数； 复数代词 + each，谓语动词用复数。例句如下：
Each one of us has his duty. 我们每个人都有自己的职责。
语法一致
Mathematics is
difficult to learn.
数学很难学。
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语法一致
An hour & a half (=One and a half hour) is enough for you to do that.
一个半小时足够你做完那项工作了/那件事了。
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语法一致
(10) “百分数（或分数）+ of + 可数名词单数或不可数名词”作主 语，谓语动词用单数形式；“百分数（或分数）+ of + 复数名词” 作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。例句：
Twenty percent of the workers in the factory _a__re__ (be) women.
harder in your English精s选tu课d件y.
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概念一致
The old are taken better care of in town than in the country. 城镇的老年人受到的照顾好于乡村。
The sick have been cured & the lost have been found.
2. All present _w_e_r_e_ (be) silent. (所有出席的人都缄口不语。)
3. All __w_e_r_e__/__a_r_e__ (be) out of danger.
4. All you can do in the future __i_s__ (be) 致：指谓语动词是用单数还是复数，取决于最靠近
谓语的主语的数——意即如最靠近谓语的主语是单数，谓语
动词就用单数，反之即用复精数选课。件
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(1)当主语之后有 as well as 引导的短语时(常被看做并列主语,但 实际不是)，其谓语的数与主语保持一致。【常见的这类词组 还有along with, together with, rather than, in addition to 等。】
Many a plant and many an animal in that country
has been studied by them. 那个国家的许多动
植物都被他们研究过。
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More EXAMPLES for Better Comprehension 【更多的例句以助更好的理解】：
4. Zhang’s family ____ rather big, with twelve people in all.
A. is
B. are C. being D. was
5. Nobody but Jane and Mary ____ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known
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More examples:
1. Pincers/pliers (钳子) are needed for this job. 2. Your glasses fit you well.
(你的眼镜很适合你。)
3. Scissors are very dangerous for children.
(剪刀对于小孩很危险。)
4. Suspenders are not my favorite.
(我不喜欢吊带裤。)
5. One pair of scissors isn't enough for that job.
(要完成那项工作一把剪刀不够。)
6. Ten pairs of pliers/pince精r选s课(钳件 子) are needed there. 13
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语法一致
（7）英语以 -(e)s 结尾的名词中还包括一些由两个部分组成的物体名称，如 scissors(剪子), pincers/pliers (钳子), glasses (眼镜), suspenders (吊带裤), shorts (短裤), trousers (裤子)等。这类名词作主语时，如果前边不加 a pair of 等英语短语, 通常被看作复数, 后接复数谓语动词,反之谓语动词用单数。
(这个厂里百分之二十的工人是女工。)
Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet __i_s_ (be) covered by water.
(总的来说，我们这个行星的表面有百分之七十为水覆盖。)
Two thirds of the swampland (沼泽地) __h_a_s__ (have) been reclaimed (开垦).
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More EXAMPLES for Better Comprehension 【更多的例句以助更好的理解】：
1. Tom and Dick ___a_r_e__ (be) good friends. 2. A singer and dancer ___i_s__ (be) present at the party. 3. A dog and a cat never stay (stay) together peacefully. 4. The soldier and writer _i_s_ (be) talking to the students. 5. Bread and butter __ta_s__te_s__ (taste) good.
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语法一致
(4) 用 and 连接两个单数名词作主语，前面有 no, each, every, many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。
No teacher and no student is in the classroom.
教室里没有老师和学生。
Every pen and every book _h_a_s__b_e_e_n_l_a_id_ (lay) on the desk already. 桌子上已摆上了笔和书。
2. “News of victories _____ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said.
A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept
3. There _____ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were D. has
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对 all用法的进一步解释与例句
在 all 用作主语指代人物时，一般被看作复数，谓
语动词用复数；在其用来指代整个事件或情况时， 一般被看作单数，谓语动词亦用单数。例句如下：
1. All that I want __i_s__ (be) a good English dictionary.
No bird and no beast ___is___ (be) seen in the bare island.
Many a boy and many a girl __h_a_s__ (have) made such a funny experiment.
At Christmas each boy and each girl in that class __is___ (be) given a present.
以下这类and连接的词组作主语时,后边的谓语常用单数形式：
a needle and thread, fork and knife, a watch and chain, a coat and tie, truth and ho精n选e课s件ty, medical help and cure6
What to be done next is still under discussion. 下一步干什么仍在讨论之中。
病人已被治愈,失踪的人已被找到。
The rich in that country have to pay more income tax (所得税).
那个国家的富人得交更多的所得税。
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概念一致
Bread and butter is my favorite for lunch. 午餐我最喜欢吃面包抹黄油。
英语语法
专题系列讲座
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第二讲
英语主谓
“三一致”原则
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0. 何为英语“主谓一致”三原则？
汉语中不存在主语一致的问题，因而学习英语的中国人在说 写英语时常常在主谓一致方面出错。这就是开设此讲座的原 因。那么何为英语主谓一致呢？它指的是谓语动词必须和主 语在单复数上保持一致，且必须遵循以下三条原则:
(1)语法一致：指主语和谓语之间在语法与形式上的一致，意 即如主语是复数名词(或代词),谓语就用复数形式；如主语是 单数名(代)词或不可数名词，谓语就用单数形式；
(2)概念一致：指谓语是用单数还是复数，由主语所表达的意 思(或概念)决定，而不受语法形式上的单复数限制；有时主 语在语法形式上虽不是复数，但表达的却是复数概念，这时 谓语动词就要用复数；反之，有时主语在语法形式上是复数, 但表达的却是单数概念，这时谓语动词就要用单数形式。