2013届高考英语：阅读理解命题点1-细节事实(解析01).解答

2013届高考英语：阅读理解命题点1--细节事实（解析01）
典型例题
阅读理解主要用来测试考生的阅读速度、阅读技巧、理解能力和摄取书面信息的能力，即实际运用英语进行有效理解，从而达到有效交际的能力。

这种高层次的语言能力，要求考生须结合具体的篇章、具体的语境，考虑具体的场合、空间、对象、情节等交际因素并予以分析判断。

从近几年高考阅读理解题的考查点分布、语篇体裁和阅读量看，阅读理解题的命题特点是：
1．词汇量加大，阅读速度提高。

词汇量逐年增大是高考阅读理解题的最明显的特征。

大幅度加大阅读量，在有限的时间内完成大量的阅读任务，提高了对阅读速度的要求，这是大趋势。

另外，非考纲词汇也有所增加。

2．语篇结构较为复杂，长难句有所增加。

突出语篇，加入了从篇章结构到对深层次信息的考查力度。

长难句增加，这也是高考英语阅读理解不可忽视的一个语言现象。

3．题材、体裁多样化，选材更趋现代化、生活化、知识化，突出实用性与时代性。

阅读材料更加贴近生活实际，有浓厚的时代气息。

题材多样化，包括日常生活、古代传说、人物、社会、文化、史地、科技、政治、环保和经济等。

且多为母语为英语的人写的原汁原味的反映外国生活内容的文章。

应试同分瓶颈
阅读理解能力是学生英语综合能力的核心，一个学生英语能力的高低很大程度上取决于阅读能力的强弱，而阅读理解又是整个高考试卷中分值最高、分量最重的部分，阅读理解题做得如何直接影响考生的英语高考成绩。

高考阅读理解题，不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要求考生理解深层含义。

考生要理解其深层含义，必须充分调动起自己的智力活动，如归纳、推理、想像等。

考生阅读理解失误的原因主要有以下几方面：
1．抓不住文章的主题、脉络，理解偏离中心或信息凌乱，不知所云。

2．信息捕捉不准，做题凭感觉，缺乏依据。

3．即使能捕捉到信息，但缺乏对信息必要的处理能力，“断章取义”。

4．复杂的句子结构及长句也制约着考生对短文的理解。

5．阅读速度慢，快速处理信息的能力差也是考生得分低的原因之一。

预计：典型例题理解题篇幅及词汇量均有加大的趋势。

◎命题点1 细节事实◎命题点3 推理判断
◎命题点2 主旨大意◎命题点4 猜测词义
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(典型例题)
How Long Can People Live?
She took up skating at age 85, made her first movie appearance at
age 114, and held a concert in the neighborhood on her 121st birthday.
When it comes to long life. Jeanne Calment is the world's recordholder.
She lived to the ripe old age of 122. So is 122 the upper limit to the
human life span(寿命)? If scientists come up with some sort of pill or
diet that would slow aging, could we possibly make it to 150——or beyond?
Researchers don't entirely agree on the answers. "Calment lived to
122, so it wouldn't surprise me if someone alive today reaches 130 or 135,
"says Jerry Shay at the University of Texas.
Steve Austad at the University of Texas agrees. "People can live
much longer than we think, "he says. "Experts used to say that humans
couldn't live past 110. When Calment blewpast that age, they raised the
number to 120. So why can't we go higher?"
The trouble with guessing how old people can live to be is that it's
all just guessing. "Anyone can make up a number," says Rich Miller at the University of Michigan. "Usually the scientist who picks the highest
number gets his name in Time magazine."
Won't new anti-aging techniques keep us alive for centu ries? Any
cure, says Miller, for aging would probably keep most of us kicking until
about 120. Researchers are working on treatments that lengthen the life span of mice by 50 percent at most. So, if the average human life span is about 80 years, says Miller, "adding another 50 percent would get you to 120."
So what can we conclude from this little disagreement a mong the researchers? That life span is flexible (有弹性的) but there is a limit, says George Martin of the University of says. "But a fly's never going to live 150 years. 'Of course, if you became a new species(物种) , one that ages at a slower speed, that would be a different story, he adds. Does Martin really believe that humans could evolve (进化) their way to longer life? "it's pretty cool to think about," he says with a smile.
1. What does the story of Jeanne Calment prove to us?
A. People can live to 122.
B. Old people are creative.
C. Women are sporty at 85.
D. Women live longer than men.
答案: A 指导：第二段中“She lived to the ripeoldage of l22．So is 122 the upper limit to the human life span?"告诉我们Jeanne Calment的经历证明人们可以活到122岁。

2. According to Steve Austad at the University of Texas,_________.
A. the average human life span could be 110
B. scientists cannot find ways to slow aging
C. few people can expect to live to over 150
D. researchers are not sure how long people can live
答案:D 指导：根据第四段Steve Austad的论述可判断出研究人员不能确定人们的寿命有多长。

3. Who would agree that a scientist will become famous if he makes the wildest guess at longevity?
A. Jerry Shay.
B. Steve Austad.
C. Rich Miller.
D. George Martin.
答案:C指导：第五段"Anyone can make up anumber，”says Rich Miller at the University Of Michigan。

“Usually the scientist who picks the highest number gest his nalne in Time magazine．”说明RichMiller认为对人类的寿命估计最高的科学家会出名。

4. What can we infer from the last three paragraphs?
A. Most of us could be good at sports even at 120.
B. The average human life span cannot be doubled.
C. Scientists believe mice are aging at a slower speed than before.
D. New techniques could be used to change flies into a new species. Passage
答案: B 指导：根据后三段的内容可推断出人们的平均寿命不会加倍。

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(典型例题)
If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech "Information Age" demands people who are {lexible(灵活) and who have good communication skills.
There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions. For example, a number of re- search studies found that social science majors bad achieved greater managerial success than those how had technical train- lng or pre-professional courses; Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the
leading featured (特点) of the kind of high-speed, high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in.
Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long term company jobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entry level positions with social science graduates. The study also showed that the most sought-after quality in a person who was looking for a job was communica- tion skills, noted as "very important" by 92 percent of the companies. Social science majors have these skills, of ten without knowing how important they are. It is probably due to these skills that they have been offered a wide variety of positions.
Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don't regret their choice of study.
1. By saying that" you may have had the last laugh" in the first
paragraph, the author means that you may have______.
A. shared the jokes with computer majors
B. earned as much as computer majors
C. found jobs more easily than computer majors
D. stopped joking about computer majors
答案:C 指导：这是一道推断作者意图题。

从第一段"Thereare many advantages for the social science major．．．”可知，灵活和好的交际技巧在“信息社会中”是十分重要的，所以学习社会科学的毕业生比学习计算机的毕业生可能更容
易找到工作。

2. Compared with graduates of other subjects, social science graduates______.
A. are ready to change when situations change
B. are better able to deal with difficulties
C. are equally good at computer skills
D. are likely to give others pressure
答案: A 指导：这是一道细节推断题。

根据第二段中“Studies show that social science maiors are．．”可判断出与其他专业的毕业生相比，社会科学的毕业生在形势改变时，他们更乐意改变。

3. The underlined word "land" in the last paragraph probably means______.
A. keep for some time
B. successfully get
C. immediately start
D. lose regretfully
答案: B 指导：这是一道猜义题。

根据land后的宾语the first job 可判断出它的意思是“成功地获得”。

4. According to the text, what has made it easy for social science graduates to find jobs?
A. Willingness to take low-paid jobs.
B. Readiness to gain high-tech knowledge.
C. Skills in expressing themselves.
D. Part-time work experience. Passage
答案: C 指导：这是一道细节推断题。

根据第三段中"Thestudy also showed that．．．”可得出结论，社会科学毕业生的善于表现自己的技巧使他们容易找到工作。

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Passage 2
Cultural differences in business entertaining include problems such as whom one entertains and where, and how one entertains. In countries where status (地位) is important, it is not advisable to invite people of different statuses to the same dinner party. Americans will often invite people to their homes. However in some societies the home is
considered too private, unworthy, or too small to serve as a proper place for business entertaining. In some countries there is a"help your- self" method of entertaining done in the home. This methoddoes not work well when entertaining people whose culture teaches them to wait to be asked three times before accepting an offer of food. In one instance, a Chinese guest went hungry all the evening without eating though he was quite hungry because he was too shy to take food after only being asked to do so once. In another case, an American woman executive (负责人) was being entertained in London. After having the tea served, the American woman helped herself to cream and sugar rather than waiting to be served. The English hostess was upset by the thought that she was not serving quickly enough.
As a general rule, a small gift from your home country is OK. A gift that is tied to the particular interest of the person is especially good. Gifts for children are also well received. Be careful that the" hometown" gift you are bringing to Sin- gapore was not made in Hong Kong. Because many gifts carry symbolic meanings, it is always best to seek the advice of a cultural informant before selecting gifts. The giving of large gifts, or payments for special service, should only be carried out after talking with legal department in the home and host culture.
1. It is no good inviting people of different social positions to the same party in the country where.
A. people don't pay any attention to your positions
B. people care much about their statuses
C. entertainment is important
D. entertainment is not advisable
答案:B 指导：第一段第二句话。

“在那些很重视社会地位的国家，最好不要把不同层次的人放到一起。

”
2. ______is especially proper.
A. A big gift
B. Large payment as a gift
C. A small gift from one's home
D. A gift from Singapore
答案:C 指导：最后一段第一句话。

“一般说来，从祖国带来的小礼物就非常合适”。

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Passage 3
If you have been joining in chat room conversations, or trading e-mail with web pals (网友), you have become one of the millions who write in a peculiarly short form of English.
And you've got a sense of humor about short forms like SOHF ( = sense of humor failure) to describe Intemet newcomers who don't understand you. Across the globe, every night teenagers and their elders are talking online, many of them all talking at the same time.
It's fast: try talking to six people at once. It's brief: three Or four words per exchange. It takes wit, concentration, and quick fingers. And it requires tremendous linguistic economy (语言省略). There's neither time nor space for explanations. Why con- sume precious key-strokes (键盘主敲击) telling six friends you have to leave for a moment to take care of your little brother when BRB ( = be right back) will do? Want to enter a conversation? Just type PMFJI (= pardon me for jumping in).
Interested in whom you are talking to? Type A/S/I., thenearly universal request to know your pal's age, sex and loca- tion. You may get 15/M/NY as a response from your pal.
If something makes you laugh, say you are OTF (=on the floor), or
LOL ( = laughing out loud), or combing the two into ROTFL (= rolling on the floor laughing).
And when it is time to get back to work or go to bed, you type GTG (=got to go) or TTYL (=talk to you later).
People want to write as fast as possible, and they want to get their ideas across as quickly as they can. Capital letters are left in the dust, except when expressing emotion, as it takes, more time to hold down the "shift" key and capitals. Punctuation (标点) is going, too.
1. Many people talk on the Intemet______.
A. by sending short e-mails
B. by using a particular short form of English
C. by using peculiar English words and expression
D. in a funny way
答案:B 指导：第一段最后一句。

“你已经成为数百万个用特别简短的英语形式在网上聊天的人士之一”。

2. In order to talk to several people at the same time on the Intemet______.
A. you have to speak fast and fluently
B. you should speak with wit and humor
C. you have to express your ideas in a brief way
D. one should pay much attention to the accuracy of words
答案: C 指导：从第四段可得知，同时和几个人聊天需要快速，简捷，聪慧，注意力集中和敏捷的手指。

A项中的fluently，B项中的humor，D项中的accuracy 都不符合题意。

3. If you get 17/F/NY as an answer to your A/S/L, it rneans
A. the person on the other end is 17 from New York and he is fine
B. you are talking to a girl who is 17 and lives in New York
C. you are talking to 17 girls who are from New York
D. the person who you are talking to is a 17-foot tall New York girl 答案:B 指导：从第七段可得知，A／S／L分别表示：年龄(age)，性别(sex)，
地区(location)。

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