Ireland-英语国家社会文化之爱尔兰

The Celts


The Celtic race of people arrived from Europe to Ireland between 800-100 BC. Ireland became a Celtic country. It was from this tribal people that the modern Irish language came from and Irish identity is founded upon.
The republic of Ireland
Green: Catholic Irishmen White: Protestant Irishmen Orange: friendship between Catholics and Protestants
National Flag
National Emblem
Christianity


Christianity began to arrive in Ireland from about 431AD onwards. The Celts adopted the new religion. St. Patrick is credited with bringing the religion to Ireland and St. Patricks day is celebrated on March 17th every year.
1. Early History
7,000 BC, hunter-gathers 6th century BC, Celts 5th century BC, Erainn 4th century BC, Gaels 432, St. Patrick 9th century Vikings 17th century, English control 1800, Act of Union (联合法 案)
2. Process toward Independence

Easter Uprising of 1916 Irish War of Independence (1919-1921) The Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 Irish Civil War (1922-1923)
The Normans
12th century built castles all over the country founded many towns. The Normans came originally from Normandy in France. Over many years the division between the 3 (Celts, Normans and Vikings) disappeared and they became a single Irish race, speaking the Irish language and living the Irish way of life.
Questions
Who were the first settlers of Ireland? When did English begin to settle in Ireland? What was the major food of Ireland and what was the problem of it?
The ruins of Monasteries are found throughout Ireland and are now very popular tourist attractions.
Viking raiders.




Vikings from the Scandinavian countries (Norway, Sweden, Denmark) began raiding towns and monasteries on the Irish coasts in the 9th Century. The Vikings especially raided Christian monasteries where precious treasures and goods could be stolen. The monks built tall round towers to hide in when the Vikings attacked. Later the Vikings began to settle in Ireland and build port towns such as Dublin.
The Longest River in Ireland the Shannon River 香农河

370 kilometers
The Largest Lough: Corrib (克里布湖)
200 square kilometers
The Highest Peak: Carrantuohill (卡朗图厄尔山)
1041 meters above sea level.
Climate
The Republic of Ireland has a temperate maritime climate with excessive rainfall.
Ⅱ History
Early
Ireland before English settlement England first invaded Ireland in 1171 The Act of Union《联合法案》was passed in 1800 Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed in 1921 The Republic of Ireland was founded in 1949

Religion
93% of the population is Roman Catholic 4% is Protestant

Roman Catholic Protestant No Religious Beliefs
Economy
It has been an agricultural coutnry since the 1960s, manufacturing has occupied an increasingly important position (EEC/ EU) Mixed economy of both public and private enterprises. 1990s, "the Celtic tiger"
ⅠGeography
Geographical Feature
Geographical Feature
Can you summarize the geographic feature according to the map? Low central plains are surrounded by a ring of coastal mountains The west coast of Ireland consists mostly of cliffs, hills and low mountain ranges

Irish History
9000 years ago Ireland was covered in ice. Stone age people arrived from Europe about 8000 BC. Agriculture (farming) began about 4000 BC.
Emigration



People left to find a better life and good jobs in other countries. The struggle with England and a poor economy was the cause of so many leaving. The population of Ireland has always been small as a result and today is only 6 million.
Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell won the Civil war in England. He was determined to bring Ireland under his control. He conquered all of Ireland by 1652.
The Plantations of Ireland.
15th and 16th centuries: bring Ireland under the control of London
Lands
were taken from the Irish kings by invading British. Land was given to loyal English settlers. The most successful plantation was in the north. Most people in Northern Ireland today are descendants from the English settlers.
Christian monasteries.



Ireland began to attract many Christian monks from Europe as a place of learning and a life of religion. Its remote location appealed to many monks to build many monasteries. The ruins of one of the oldest and remotest monasteries is Scellig Mhicael, now a tourist attraction.

The Great Famine 1845-1850


The staple diet: potato. Many people died or emigrated to America. Since the 1840s emigration became a part of Iirsh life up until the late 1990s.


The start of British rule in Ireland.


In 1171 King Henry 2 of England came to Ireland to claim sovereignty over Ireland. However in reality English control was only maintained in Dublin.

Education

Free public school system Well-known universities
the University of Dublin National University of Ireland
Languages

two dominant official languages in Ireland, Gaelic (Irish) and English
Blue: Sea and Sky Angel Harp
People

The population is predominantly of Celtic origin with French, English, and more recently Chinese and Indian minorities. Emigration is the characteristic of the Irish