高中英语人教版(2019)必修第一册 动词语法知识点总结大全

动词
（1）动词分类
①实义动词（行为动词）
②助动词
③情态动词
④系动词
⑤静态动词
⑥短语动词
1.实义动词（行为动词）
①用来表示动词
②分及物动词与不及物动词（是否能直接加宾语）
不及物动词高频：come explode laugh sit rise excel respond run cough swim emigrate smile act cry immigrate lie arrive continue go
2.助动词（协助主要动词构成谓语的词）和情态动词（无词意）小三
③Be动词
a．构成进行时和被动语态
b．Be动词作系动词，引表语/表语从句
④Have
a．构成完成时/完成进行时
b．实义动词：have有意义等同eat/drink
⑤Do
a．构成疑问句/否定句/强调句
b．实义动词：做
3.情态动词+动词原形（有词意）妾
①can/could
②may/might
③must
④should/shall/ought to
⑤would/will
4.静态动词
①表思想
Believe，doubt，know，understand
②表拥有
Have，own，want，contain
③表感觉
Hear，see，smell
④表情感
Love，hate，want，need
5.动词短语
构成：动词+介词或动词+副词（通常与原动词含义不同）（二）动词的形式
1.动词原形
2.第三人称单数
①一般现在时中
②主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式
A．直接动词词尾加s
B．以字母s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词加es
C．辅音加y，变y为i加es
D．不规则变化
3.动名词与现在分词
⑥直接词尾加ing
⑦词尾去掉e，去掉e加ing
⑧ie结尾的，变ie为y加ing
⑨辅音+元音+辅音，双写词尾加ing
4.动词过去式与过去分词
A．规则动词的过去式加ed
B．以e结尾的动词词尾直接加d
C．不规则变化
5.动词时态
5.1一般现在时
形式：①肯定形式：第三人称单数用三单，其他用动词原形
②否定形式：主语+do/does not+谓语动词原形
③疑问形式：疑问词+do/does+主语+谓语动词原形
用法：①现在时段发生的动作：I feel great！
②习惯性动作/常发生的动作
③表示客观真理
④用于电影，赛事，时间的评论，独白，报道等
⑤谈论时间表，日程表
eg：The train leaves at half past four.
⑥一般现在时表将来
当主句为将来时或表将来意义时，时间和条件的状语从句必须用一般现在时表将来。

（主讲从现）5.2一般过去式
形式：①肯定形式：主语+动词过去式
②否定形式：主语+did not+谓语动词原形
③疑问形式：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形
用法：表过去发生的动作
5.3一般将来时
形式：①肯定形式：主语+will/be going to/be to/be about to+原形
②否定形式：主语+will not(won’t)+谓语动词原形
③疑问形式：疑问词+will+主语+动词原形
用来：表还没发生，未来将要发生的行为，动作，事件
5.4现在进行时
形式：①肯定形式：主语+be+动词ing
②否定形式：主语+be动+not+动词ing
③疑问形式：疑问词+be动词+主语+动词ing
用法：①说话的时刻正在发生的动作
②常与always，constantly,continually,forever,repeatedly，never等词连用含有抱怨语气。

表总是。

③表将来，多用于已经安排好的事情。

I am leaving。

④be going to
<1>计划，安排的动作
<2>确定将会发生的事情
注意：有些动词不能用于现在进行时
a.情感类：love，hate，prefer
b.所属类：have，own，want，belong
c.感官类：see，hear，smell，seem
d.思想类：know，believe，remember
e.测量类：contain，consist，fit
5.5现在完成时
形式：①肯定形式：主语+have/has+过去分词
②否定形式：主语+haven’t（have not）/hasn’t（hasnot）+过去分词
③疑问形式：疑问词+have/has+过去分词
用法：①表过去完成的动作
这个动作对现在造成影响或现在有关
常与still，yet，already，always连用
②讨论个人的经历
③过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在
甚至有可能继续延续下去
常与before，since，for，already，many times，so far，yet连用
5.6过去完成时
形式：①肯定形式：主语+had+过去分词
②否定形式：主语+hadn’t（had not）+过去分词
③疑问形式：疑问词+had+主语+过去分词
用法：①表过去的某个动作之前发生的动作。

She said she had written three letters the day before.
I didn’t say anything until she had finished talking.
②与after，as soon as，the moment that，until
③与before，when，by the time连用
6.被动语态
定义：①主语是动作的执行者（即某人做某事），叫主动语态。

②主语是动作的承受着（即某事被做）叫被动语态。

步骤：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语
②将主动语态的谓语动词改为‘be done’
③将主动语态的主词改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）
非谓语动词
不充当谓语的动词
1.动名词
形式：①动名词与现在分词同型(v-ing）
②起到名词的作用
作用：①作主语谓语动词为单数
Eg：Reading helps you learn English.
②作宾语
有的动词直接加动名词作其宾语；有的加介词后动名词作其宾语
Eg：<1>He quit smokin a year ago.
<2>I look forward to helping you panit the house.
③It+形容词+动名词
Eg：It is no use telling him not to worry.
此类形容词还包括：better、wonderful、enjoyable、interesting、foolish、difficult、useless、senseless、worthwhile
④作表语：对主语进一步说明，相当于一个名词。

Eg:<1>My job is teaching.
<2>Seeing is believing.
⑤作定语：表示用途或性质
Eg:<1>a swimming pool=a pool for swimming
<2>a moving truck=a truck for moving.
以下动词及句型后常跟动名词作宾语
Be used to/get used to
Can’t help/give up
Can’t stand/go on
End up/have difficulty
Feel like/have problems
Finish/have trouble
2.分词
形式：①现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加ing
②过去分词的形式则在动词后面加ed
（1）现在分词
1）一般式：表示的动作与主语动作同时发生
Eg：Tom came sauntering up the path.Reaching for the flower,I lost my balance.
Not being able to win the game,I lost my confidence.
2）完成式：表示该动作发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成
Eg：Having heard the news,he quickly sold his brother’s record collection.
Having rested for a while,we continued our journry.
Not having finished his work,he could not leave the office.
作用：①作定语：作前置/后置定语；相当于定语从句
Eg：<1>The man carring the bricks(=who is carring the bricks)is my father.
<2>There is someone knocking at the door.(someone who is knocking)
②作表语：相当于一个形容词，表示主语的特征
Eg:<1>The news is encouraging.
<2>The present situation is terrifying.
<3>My job is really tiring.I don’t get home until 10p.m. sometimes.
③作状语：表谓语动词发生的时间、方式、伴随、让步等，相当于状语从句；逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

Eg：原因状语<1>He was talking to her friend and forgot everything around her.=Talking to her friend she forgot everything around her.
<2>Since we watch the news every day we know what’s going on in the world.=Watching the news every day we know what’s going on in the world.
伴随状语<3>The dog wagged its tail and bit the postman.=Wagging its tail the dog bit the postman.
<4>The man was sitting in the café.He was reading a paper.=The man was sitting in the café reading
a paper.
时间状语<5>While she was tidying up her room she found some old photos.=Tidying up her room she found some old photos.
条件状语<6>If they do not have enough money they will spend their holidays at home last year.=Not having enough money they
will spend their holidays at home next year.
结果状语<7>Carbon burns in oxygen or air,thereby forms carbon dioxide=Carbon burns in oxygen or air,thereby forming carbon dioxide.
（2）过去分词
作用：1）作表语：表示谓语动词所处的状态。

Eg：I was alarmed by the loud bang.
He was amused to hear his little son singing in the bath.
2)作定语：①前置/后置定语
②相当于一个定语从句，其逻辑主语构成被动关系。

Eg：A burnt child(=a child who is burnt)dreads fire.
The musicians stood up,surrounded by thunderous applause,(=who is surrounded by thunderous applause.)
3）作状语：①表示谓语动词发生的时间、方式、伴随、让步等。

②相当于一个状语从句
③过去分词作状语时的逻辑主语就是句子的主语
Eg：原因状语<1>Battered by the wind.John fell to his knees.=Because he was battered by the wind,John fell to his knees.
<2>Deceived by his friends,he committed suicide.=Since he was deceived by his friends,he committed suicide.
时间状语<3>Seen from the hill,the town looks magnificent=When it is seen from hill,the town looks magnificent.
条件状语<4>Given another chance,I will do better.
让步状语<5>Exhausted by the working,they went on studying at night.
（3）动词不定式
形式：肯定式：to+
否定式：not to+动词原形
作用：1）作主语
Eg：①To learn is very important.
②To drive in the right is not allowed here.
③To go to college is a good idea.
注意：①不定式作主语时，可置句首。

②如果过长，可采用it作形式主语，不定式后置的结构。

※重点句式：1.It is/was+adj./n.+to do（做什么。

是。

）Eg:①It was difficult to answer the question.
②It’s a big house to clean.
2.It is/was+adj.+for sth./sb.+to do.
It is/was+adj.+of sb.to do
Eg:①It is necessary for this door to be locked.
②It is very kind of you to help me.
2）作表语
Eg：The most important thing is not to give up.
3）作宾语
Eg:①I want to swim in the pool.
②They intend to postpone the trip.
③A good translator is hard to find.
4）作定语
①Give him an ornament to polish.
②I need a volunteer to take the miuntes.
5）作状语。