江西省九江市民办晨光中学2021-2022学年高一英语测试题含解析

江西省九江市民办晨光中学2021-2022学年高一英语测试题含解析
一、选择题
1. ---Do you want me to return the book for you?
--- No, don’t____________. I can manage it myself.
A.bother
B. trouble
C. disturb
D. interrupt
参考答案：
A
2. I am _______ every part of the city, that is to say, every part of the city is _____ me.
A. familiar to; familiar with
B. familiar to; familiar to
C. familiar with; familiar to
D. familiar with; familiar with
参考答案：
C
3. He couldn’t tak e part in the final exam _______ his serious illness.
A. because
B. lead to
C. because of
D. when
参考答案：
C
4. Tom said that Columbus __________ America in 1492.
A. discovered
B. had discovered
C. found
D. had found
参考答案：
A
5. He couldn't find his umbrella．He it．
A．would have lost B．may lose
C．may have lost D．should lose
参考答案：C
6. The old farmer ________ farm we spent a happy weekend was spellbound by Chinese culture.
A. on whom
B. who
C. on whose
D. whose
参考答案：
C
【考点】考察定语从句
本句定语从句的先行词是the old farmer，在后面的定语从句whose指代先行词在句中做定语，修饰名词farm。

定语从句中的主语是we，on whose arm应该放在weekend的后面。

句意：在他的农场里我们度过一个开心的周末的那位老农民被中国文化迷住了。

故C正确。

【举一反三】〖10?陕西〗The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A. where
B. which
C. its
D. whose
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗考查定语从句。

〖解析〗所填词引导定语从句, 先行词是the old temple, 关系词在从句中做roof的定语, 用关系代词whose, 选D。

其余选项与题意不符。

34. After sailing for five months, they arrived at ______ they thought was the place they had been looking for.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. where
参考答案：
A
略
8. — Look, she is crying.
— She is getting so sad just ________ what you said just now.
A. because
B. because of
C. for
D. with
参考答案：
B
because和because of都可用来表示原因。

前者通常用于引导原因状语从句，而后者后接名词或代词，但也可接名词性从句。

本题空格后面的what you said just now就是一个名词性从句，故用because of。

9. Because the lights happened to ______, no one noticed the thief enter our bedroom.
A. go through
B. go into
C. go on
D. go out
参考答案：
D
10. After ________ dinner, Stephanie likes to play ________ guitar for a while in the garden.
A. a; a
B. 不填; the
C. the; a D; 不填;不填
参考答案：
B
11. English and French are taught here. You can choose _____you like.
A.no matter which
B. whichever
C. which
D. whatever
参考答案：
B
12. Although the old scientist has finished the difficult experiment，he is still ________ the results. A．getting through B．getting on with
C．going on D．going through
参考答案：
D
[go through意为“经历，经受”，符合句意。

]
13. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _______our astronauts(宇航员) desire to do is walk in space.
A. where
B. how
C. that
D. what
参考答案：
D
14. The truth is_______it is too foggy for the bus to run_______far．（）
A．that；that B．/；that C．that；/ D．/；/
参考答案：
A．
考查表语从句．句意：事实是这么大的雾，车不能开这么远．is 后面的是表语从句，从句从意思到成分都是完整的，所以选择不担任成分又没有意义的that；第二个that修饰形容词far，那么远．15. This is a photo of the power station that __________ in my hometown .
A. has set up
B. has been set up
C. will set up
D. is set up
参考答案：
B
略
16. Auatar（阿凡达）is such _________ wonderful science fiction movie that I want to see it _________
second time．
A．a, a B．a, the C．／, the D．／, a
参考答案：
A
17. She passed the TOFEL test at her first __________.
A. replacement
B. approval
C. attempt
D. anecdote
参考答案：
C
【详解】考查名词。

句意：她第一次尝试就通过托福考试。

A. replacement更换；B. approval批准；
C. attempt 企图；
D. anecdote奇闻。

故选C。

18. People may have different opinions about Steven Jobs. _______， I admire him. After all, he
is a great figure of Apple.
A. Instead
B. Anyhow
C.
Though D. Somehow
参考答案：
B
19. It suddenly ______ me how we could improve the situation.
A. realized
B. happened
C. occurred
D. struck
参考答案：
D
考查固定句型。

句意：我突然想到我们怎么才能改善这个现状。

这里使用动词strike“使想起”，用于it strikes sb.+从句，表示“某人突然想起….get“得到” ，beat“击败”，occur“发生”，应该用于
It occurred to
sb that的句型。

所以选D。

二、翻译
61. 说到上海，人们总是认为它是有着西方文明的发达城市。

(regard)
62. 那个名声鹊起的科学家废寝忘食地埋首于研究。

(reputation)
63. 正是她带来装扮教室的这些鲜花，使教室焕发出活力。

(decorate)
64. 听到那个溺水儿童被救援队从洪水中救出的消息，在场的人们爆发出掌声。

(burst)
65. 当校长把证书颁发给这个既有数学天赋又有幽默感的男孩时，他的父母喜极而泣。

(present)
参考答案：
61. Speaking of Shanghai, people often regarded it as a developed city with western civilization.
62. The scientist with a growing reputation absorbed himself in study, neglecting meals and sleep.
63. It was the flowers she brought to decorate the classroom that brought the classroom back to life.
64. On hearing the drowning kid was saved by the rescue team, people present burst into applause.
65. When the principal presented the certificate to the boy with both mathematical talent and a sense of humour, his parents wept with joy.
本题考查翻译，注意按括号内的要求翻译。

【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词和regard… as的用法。

speak of表示“提到”，regard… as表示“把……视为”，语境表明这是过去上海给人们留下的印象，应该用一般过去时，主语为people ，谓语为regarded，非谓语动词speak of与主语people之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语，故翻译为：Speaking of Shanghai, people often regarded it as a developed city with western civilization.
【62题详解】
考查with+名词和absorb oneself in的用法。

with+名词是介词短语，充当后置定语，表示“具有……的”，absorb oneself in表示“专心于、埋头于”，语境表明讲述的是过去的事情，应该用一般过去时，主语为The scientist，with a growing reputation作后置定语，谓语为absorbed，故翻译为：The scientist with a growing reputation absorbed himself in study, neglecting meals and sleep.
【63题详解】
考查强调句型和定语从句。

强调句型基本结构为it is+被强调部分+that+其他部分，本句强调的是主语the flowers，在强调句中还包含了一个定语从句，先行词为the flowers，关系词在从句中作brought 的宾语，可省略关系代词，用不定式作目的状语表示带来这些鲜花的目的，事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故翻译为：It was the flowers she brought to decorate the classroom that brought the classroom back to life.
【64题详解】考查非谓语动词和burst into+名词的用法。

on doing…表示“刚一做某事……就”，burst into+具有动作意义的名词表示“爆发出……”，事情发生在过去应该用一般过去时，主语为people present作后置定语，谓语为burst into，on hearing位于句首作状语，故翻译为：On hearing the drowning kid was saved by the rescue team, people present burst into applause.
【65题详解】
考查when引导的时间状语从句和固定短语weep with joy。

when表示“当……的时候”，引导的时间状语，weep with joy是固定短语，表示“喜极而泣、高兴地哭了”，事情发生在过去应该用一般过去时，从句主语为the principal，present sth to sb表示“颁发某物给某人”，with both mathematical talent and a sense of humour做后置定语修饰宾语the boy，主句主语为his parents，谓语为wept with joy，故翻译为When the principal presented the certificate to the boy with both mathematical talent and a sense of humour, his parents wept with joy.
三、阅读理解
21. America’s businesses are getting older and fatter, while many new businesses are dying in infancy.
A study last month by the Brookings Institution found that the proportion of older firms has grown steadily over several decades, while the survival rate of new companies has fallen. In addition, young people are starting companies at a sharply lower rate than in the past.
A new report from the National Association of Manufacturers shows a major cause: The cost of obeying government regulations has risen to more than $2 trillion (12.26 trillion yuan) annually, or 12 percent of the GDP, and this cost falls disproportionately on smaller, newer businesses.
It’s risky, difficult and expensive to start a business, and getting more so. Go vernments are imposing various new rules on a seemingly daily basis: health insurance, minimum wage increases and, most recently in California, compulsory paid sick days for even hourly employees. These regulations shift huge social welfare costs directly onto often-struggling small businesses, while being proportionally much less costly for larger companies.
This is partly an unintended issue of resources---established companies can cope with new costs more easily---but it’s also deliberate. For instance, big insurance companies got a seat at the table to help write Obama care, but less politically powerful firms---like medical device manufacturers---got squeezed.
Mature, successful corporations can employ ex-lawmakers with connections, distribute campaign contributions and even write regulations for themselves. They are also more likely to want to protect steady revenue streams than revolutionize their industry.
Major companies that have been so ill-managed they would otherwise collapse---airlines, car companies and banks---stagger(蹒跚)on because politicians ride to the rescue with bags of taxpayer money.
The genius of our unique system of government is the determination to protect and defend the rights of
the individual over the rights of the nation. As such, the rise of a well-connected oligarchy(寡头政治)that protects big business at the expense of small business, and the established over the new, is opposite to American ideals.
Income inequality—which is directly caused by faulty government policy---is being promoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. But let’s be perfectly clear, we do not have a free market but one where government picks winners and losers through regulations and financial aids.
Politics is, and always has been, about balancing competing interests seeking to benefit themselves, and that’s as it should be, but the force of government should never be used to reduce competition, kill innovation or support and extend artificial monopolies(垄断)by harming the consumer, the taxpayer and the economy. Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infancy.
43. We can learn from the passage that___________.
A. over several decades, new companies have grown steadily.
B. mature, successful corporations prefer to maintain their stable incomes.
C. less politically powerful firms also have their voice in making regulations.
D. The cost of obeying government regulations falls equally on all businesses.
44. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that__________.
A. the state economy may depend on those innovative businesses.
B. the rise of a well-connected oligarchy is contrary to American ideals.
C. income inequality is what the government should take action to resolve.
D. the government picks winners and losers through the law of free market.
45. It can be concluded from the passage that___________.
A. big insurance companies have better relationship with Obama.
B. most of the ex-lawmakers work in mature, successful corporations.
C. larger and older firms have a command of resources of various aspects.
D. politicians like providing financial aids to the companies of worse operation.
46. As to the development of smaller businesses, the writer is___________.
A. contented.
B. confident.
C. convinced.
D. concerned.
参考答案：
43. B 44. A 45. C 46. D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国的创业难题。

美国的许多企业正变得越来越老，而许多新企业在婴儿期就已经濒临死亡。

此外，年轻人开始创业的速度比过去要低得多。

【43题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章第六段第二句They are also more likely to want to protect steady revenue streams than revolutionize their industry. 可知，成熟、成功的公司更喜欢保持稳定的收入。

故选B。

【44题详解】
推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段最后一句Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infancy. 可知，国家经济可能依赖于那些创新企业。

故A项正确。

B项，“一个人脉广泛的寡头政治的崛起与美国的理想背道而驰”。

根据文章倒数第三段第二句As such, the rise of a well-connected oligarchy (寡头政治) that protects big business at the expense of small business, and the established over the new, is opposite to American ideals. 可知，一个以牺牲小企业为代价保护大企业、建立在新企业之上的关系良好的寡头政治的崛起，与美国的理想背道而驰，B项叙述不够全面。

故B项错误。

C项，“收入不平等是政府应该采取行动来解决的问题”。

根据文章倒数第二段第一句Income inequality — which is directly caused by faulty government policy — is being promoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. 可知，收入不平等是由政府采取错误的政策直接造成的。

故C项错误。

D项，“政府通过自由市场法则来选择赢家和输家”。

根据文章倒数第二段第二句中we do not have a free market but one where government picks winners and losers through regulations and financial aids 可知，没有自由市场，政府是通过监管和金融援助来挑选赢家和输家的市场。

故D项错误。

故正确答案为A。

【45题详解】
推理判断题。

根据文章第五段第一句This is partly an unintended issue of resources — established companies can cope with new costs more easily — but it's also deliberate. 可知，较大和较老的公司掌握着各方面的资源。

故C项正确。

A项，“大型保险公司与奥巴马的关系更好”。

根据文章第五段第二句中big insurance companies got a seat at the table to help write Obama care 可知，大型保险公司获得了参与奥巴马医改的席位，并无与奥巴马的关系更好之意。

故A项错误。

B项，“大多数前议员在成熟、成功的公司工作”。

根据文章第六段第一句Mature, successful corporations can employ ex-lawmakers with connections, distribute campaign contributions and even write regulations for themselves. 可知，成熟而成功的公司可以雇佣有关系的前议员，没有提及数量。

故B项错误。

D项，“政客们喜欢向经营状况较差的公司提供财务援助”。

文中未提及。

故D项错误。

故正确答案为C。

【46题详解】
推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段最后一句Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infancy. 可知，作者认为政策必须培育新企业和小企业，不然就看着那些可能成为我们光明未来的创新在襁褓中夭折。

由此可推知对于中小企业的发展，作者的态度是关心的（concerned）。

故D项正确。

A项意为“满足的”，B项意为“自信
的”，C项意为“确信的”，均不符合文意。

故正确答案为D。

【点睛】根据事物的定义或者对事物总体的概括，从而判断出哪些具体事物或者具体的实践应该属于定义的范围或者是概括的范围是我们经常见到的推理判断题的题型。

要解决这样的判断题，首先要讲对事物的定义或者对事物的总体概括要读清楚，然后根据对比4个选项，哪个选项在定义或者概括范围内的。

哪个就是正确的答案。

如第二小题，根据文章最后一段最后一句Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infancy. 可知，国家经济可能依赖于那些创新企业。

故A项正确。

B项，“一个人脉广泛的寡头政治的崛起与美国的理想背道而驰”。

根据文章倒数第三段第二句As such, the rise of a well-connected oligarchy (寡头政治) that protects big business at the expense of small business, and the established over the new, is opposite to American ideals. 可知，一个以牺牲小企业为代价保护大企业、建立在新企业之上的关系良好的寡头政治的崛起，与美国的理想背道而驰，B项叙述不够全面。

故B项错误。

C项，“收入不平等是政府应该采取行动来解决的问题”。

根据文章倒数第二段第一句Income inequality —which is directly caused by faulty government policy — is being promoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. 可知，收入不平等是由政府采取错误的政策直接造成的。

故C项错误。

D项，“政府通过自由市场法则来选择赢家和输家”。

根据文章倒数第二段第二句中we do not have a free market but one where government picks winners and losers through regulations and financial aids 可知，没有自由市场，政府是通过监管和金融援助来挑选赢家和输家的市场。

故D项错误。

故正确答案为A。

22. Why do we like drinking water from plastic bottles（塑料瓶）? Some people think it is healthy and clean. Others drink bot tled water because it’s easy — you can carry it around with you. In hot countries, like Greece, we often buy bottles of cold water in the summer.
However, making lots of plastic is not a good idea for many reasons. First of all, we need a lot of oil for plastic products. We usually use oil as a source of energy. If we reduced the number of bottles we made, we wouldn’t need so much oil. Plastic bottles also pollute the environment. If we reused all our plastic bottles, we wouldn’t need so much space for rubbish dumps. But in Greece, we don’t reuse much of the plastic we use. In 2006, Greeks reused only about 10% of plastic waste. The rest became rubbish on land and in rivers and seas.
So next time you want to throw away a plastic bottle in the litter bin, stop and think. If you reuse it, you would help the environment. But what can you do when there isn’t a bin near you? Well, there are lots of useful ways that you can use your bottles again. For example, an empty bottle makes a great piggy bank for your pocket money, and if you cut a bottle in half, you will have a plant pot. Go green! You can make a difference.
28. What is not mentioned about bottled water in this passage?
A. It’s healthy.
B. It’s clean.
C. It’s easy.
D. It’s expensive. 29. Plastic products are made from .
A. energy
B. oil
C. rubbish
D. plants
30. Which is the best way to deal with used plastic bottles?
A. To reuse them.
B. To make a piggy bank.
C. To make a plant pot.
D. To drop them into the river.
31. The underlined part in this passage tells us “”.
A. To make a different life, you’d better go outside.
B. To look different, you’d better wear green clothes.
C. To protect the environment, you can do something.
D. To go green, you should use plastic products.
参考答案：
DBAC。