大学英语读写1 U8练习题

Unit 8 Coping with an Educational Problem
A)I. Vocabulary
B)Part One
Directions: Match the words in column A with definitions in column B.
1. acquire a. collect, or gather esp. over a period of time
2. portable b. move from a better to a worse position
3. accumulate c. get for oneself by one’s own work, skill, action
4. decline d. continue (after stopping)
5. proceed e. declare to be true; state esp. in the face of opposition
6. claim f. the state of being secure
7. security g. try to be better than (sb. else )
8. compete h. light or small enough to be easily carried
Part Two
Directions: Choose the proper words and expressions and put the numbers in the blanks.
1. jam
2. slice
3. function
4. affect
5. better off
6. run out of
7. break down
8. make a living by
9. concentrate on10. search for11. sum up12. drive home
13. in the first place14. wake up
1. Citing specific examples will help the orator ________ his points when he delivered a speech.
2. Y ou will _________ if you work too hard all the time.
3. What will the world use for power when it has ________ oil?
4. I can’t _________ what I’m doing while the noise is going on upstairs.
5. It’s definitely the general manager’s duty to _________ at the end of the budget conference.
6. Y ou won’t be any _________ morally than you are right now.
7. Sherlock Holmes, the famous detective in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s masterpiece, always set
out to __________ clues in a deductive manner.
8. The old machine won’t _________ properly if you don’t oil it regula rly.
9. Everyone wanted a __________ of the profits.
10. We could see crowds __________ the entrance to the stadium.
Part Three
Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word given in the bracket.
1. Melanie was _________ in the sunshine on the beach of Florida when they arrived. (luxury)
2. While we were busy working out how much food we would need for the party, Henry stood
_________ watching. (idle)
3. Visitors are often __________ to discover how little the town has changed. (amazement)
4. It was thought she only had a month to live but she made a _________ recovery. (miracle)
5. Adopted children shouldn’t be kept in __________ about their true origins. (ignorant)
6. The strike was called to protest the managing director's plans to break up and _________ the
deficit-ridden company. (privacy)
7. Strolling _________, we reached that farm in two hours. (leisure)
8. We must constantly help improve their professional __________. (competent)
9. Since we moved to the new house all our things are in ________. (confuse)
10. Perhaps economy is the _________ to your financial troubles. (solute)
Part Four
Directions: Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence from the four choices given under each sentence.
1. The public ______ more severe measures to combat the recent crime wave.
A. asked
B. recommended
C. suggested
D. demanded
2. ______ is supposed to be the essence of private enterprise.
A. Competition
B. Compete
C. Competitive
D. Competence
3. The students gradually _____ some knowledge of the subject at school.
A. acquired
B. required
C. derived
D. made
4. Mike never tells anyone what he does for a _____.
A. job
B. work
C. profession
D. living
5. Daisy was so ______ in the novel that she did not hear the door bell ring.
A. engaged
B. delighted
C. absorbed
D. concentrated
6. When I saw Peter, I stopped and smiled, but he ______ me and walked on.
A. refused
B. ignored
C. denied
D. missed
7. Now that Sam has retired, he lives partly on his pension and partly on the _____
on his post office savings account.
A. income
B. wages
C. interest
D. salary
8. Joe can be very rude in ______, though in public he’s usually polite.
A. himself
B. secret
C. particular
D. private
9. The food was divided _____ according to the age and size of the children.
A. equally
B. proportionately
C. sufficiently
D. adequately
10. I wondered why she broke _____ in the middle of a sentence.
A. off
B. out
C. down
D. up
11. In English, woman may ____ “Eeek” when they are frightened by something.
A. excel
B. astonish
C. light up
D. exclaim
12. The doctor told him smoking too much would _____his health and even cause lung cancer.
A. affect
B. effect
C. affirm
D. effort
13. What I’m trying to do is to _____ why my daughter’s condition has not improved.
A. look for
B. find out
C. search for
D. get in
14. Instead of studying hard at college, John was ______ away his time.
A. wandering
B. wasting
C. idling
D. throwing
15.Tibet, the second largest province of China, is____ in uranium and underground thermal power.
A. wealthy
B. abundant
C. adequate
D. sufficient
16. Mr. Peel began a reply, but his wife ____ with a remark again.
A. cut in
B. cut back
C. cut off
D. cut short
17. My doctor put me ____ starvation diet, that is, he allowed me only tea and milk.
A. with
B. for
C. on
D. in
18. As a woman of strong will, Gemma composed herself ____ when she heard the news of
Arthur’s death.
A. as she could best
B. as best she could
C. best as she could
D. could best as she
19. I’d just do as soon as you ____ the research yourself.
A. do
B. will do
C. did
D. would do
20. I don’t know ____ it was that answered the phone this morning.
A. why
B. how
C. who
D. that
A)II. Structure
Part One
Directions: Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
1. _____ you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.
A. For now
B. Now that
C. Ever since
D. By now
2. ______ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.
A. Being published
B. Published
C. Publishing
D. To be published
3. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _____ after 11 o’clock at night.
A. were not played
B. not to play
C. not be played
D. did not play
4. His health falling, _________ in 1782.
A. so Henry Lee went on leave from the army
B. the army gave Henry Lee leave
C. when the army gave Henry Lee leave
D. Henry Lee went on leave from the army
5. I was __________ work last week, but I changed mind.
A. to have started
B. to start
C. to be starting
D. to have been starting
6. Jean worked just so much _________.
A. like what she was told to
B. as she was told to
C. as to what she tried to do
D. like she was told to
7. We’ll take __________ put you to the trouble of fetching more.
A. less sugar than
B. less sugar rather
C. less sugar rather than
D. lesser sugar than
8. Recently, he has lost all his __________.
A. wage and saving at card
B. wages and saving at card
C. wages and savings at card
D. wages and savings at cards
9. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _______
directed.
A. like
B. so
C. which
D. as
10. It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _____ by about
10%.
A. will have risen
B. has risen
C. will be rising
D. has been rising
11. Hot air accompanied by high relative humidity feels warmer than _________.
A. is it actually
B. actually it is
C. it actually is
D. is actually it
12. Molds cannot produce their own food _________ their nourishment from living on dead
organic matter or on other living matter.
A. obtain
B. obtaining
C. but obtain
D. is obtained
13. __________ deeply moved by his speech.
A. Everyone of us were
B. Everyone of us was
C. Every one of us were
D. Every one of us was
14. If I had remembered ______ the window, the thief would not have got in.
A. to close
B. closing
C. to have closed
D. having closed
15. Y ou’d rather watch TV this evening, ________?
A. isn’t it
B. hadn’t you
C. wouldn’t you
D. won’t you
16. Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if she _____ a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.
A. has to get
B. were to get
C. had got
D. could have got
17. _________ that this region was so rich in natural resources.
A. Little he knew
B. Little did he know
C. Little he did know
D. Little he had know
18. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, ______ something occurred which attracted my attention.
A. unless
B. until
C. when
D. while
19. What do you think of his proposal that improvements _______ in the old type of vacuum cleaner?
A. be made
B. would be made
C. will be made
D. will have to be made
20.I have kept that portrait _______ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.
A. which
B. where
C. whether
D. when
Part Two
Directions: Identify the ONE that is not correct and write down the correct answer.
1. Parrots have heavily bodies and exceedingly strong legs.
A B C D ( )
2. Historical geology deals about data on the development of the Earth gathered from the study of
A B
rocks, which are analyzed to determine their age and composition.
C D ( )
3. During eclipses of the Sun, the Ojibwa Indians of North America shot flaming arrows inside
A B C
the sky to rekindle the light.
D ( )
4. The sonometer is instrument used to study the mathematical relations of harmonic tones.
A B C D ( )
5. In 1967, Canada’s year centennial, one and a quarter million people from all over the world
A B C
visited Parliament Hill in Ottawa.
D ( )
6. Because its body is supported by water, the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger
A B
than any land mammal alive today.
C D ( )
7. Few people realize that Siberia is extremely rich in natural resources, having not only oil and
A B C
gas with vast reserves of coal, timber, land , and water.
D ( )
8. Soap is used as a lubricant in making tiny wires for electrical appliances such television sets
A B C
and telephones.
D ( )
9. Since the turn of the century, the number of Native Americans living in Canada is increased.
A B C D
( )
10. Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their crops.
A B C D ( )
A)III. Cloze
Part One
Directions: Fill in the gaps with any words you think fit.
Nature has a prefect system for recycling water. Water is used again and again. It falls as rain.
Then 1 goes one of three places. It might seep slowly through the soil as it soaks 2 into the natural reservoirs underground. It might disappear into the 3 by evaporating quickly. It might run off into streams 4 rivers and to the oceans. 5 is a problem with this recycling system. It 6 a balance that can be easily upset by people. Nature’s recycling system can 7 well only if people work with the system —not 8 it. Some ways that people interfere with nature are easy to understand. 9 sewage water from homes and factories must not mix with drinking water. People would get sick from 10 dirty water.
Part Two
Directions: Choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.
Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the twentieth century. 1 in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was 2 on both sides with many 3 businesses.
Here shopper walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, and groceries. 4 , some shops offered 5 . These shops included drugstores, shoe-repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. 6 in the 1950s, a change began to 7 . Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street 8 too few parking places were 9 shoppers.
Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 10 the city limits. Open space is what their car-driving customers needed. And open space is what they got 11 the first shopping center was built. Shopping center, 12 malls, started as a collection of small new stores 13 congested city centers. 14 by hundreds of free parking spaces customers were drawn away from 15 areas to out lying malls. And the growing 16 of shopping centers led 17 to the building of bigger and better-stocked stores. 18 the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 19 of one shop shopping, malls were transformed into
landscaped parks, 20 benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.
1. A. As early as B. Early C. Early as D. Earlier
2. A. built B. designed C. intended D. lined
3. A. variable B. various C. sorted D. mixed-up
4. A. As well B. Beside C. In addition D. Apart from
5. A. medical care B. food C. services D. cosmetics
6. A. Suddenly B. Abruptly C. Contrarily D. But
7. A. be taking place B. take place C. be taken place D. have taken place
8. A. while B. yet C. though D. and then
9. A. used by B. ready for C. available for D. available to
10. A. over B. from C. out of D. outside
11. A. when B. while C. since D. then
12. A. that as B. or rather C. or D. and
13. A. out of B. next to C. away from D. near
14. A. Attracted B. Surprised C. delighted D. Obsessed
15. A. inner B. central C. shopping D. downtown
16. A. fame B. distinction C. popularity D. liking
17. A. on B. in turn C. by turns D. further
18. A. By B. During C. In D. To
19. A. cheapness B. convenience C. readiness D. handiness
20. A. because B. and C. with D. provided
A)IV. Reading Comprehension
Directions: Choose the ONE best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Passage One
To be sure, only children experience some things differently from those with siblings (兄弟姐妹). Many feel more pressure to succeed. In the absence of brothers and sisters, only children also tend to look more exclusively to their parents as role models.
In India, 19-year-old Saviraj Sankpal founded a support group for the tiny minority of only children. Among other things, the group does volunteer work to counter the myth that they are irresponsible. “People think we’re pampered (娇养) and spoiled,” says Sankpal, a computer engineering student. “But I’d like to remind them how lonely it can get.”
Most only children, however, say they wish for siblings only when it comes to caring for aging, unhealthy parents. Britain’s David Emerson, co-author of the book The Only Child, says that such a person bears terrible burden in having to make all the decisions alone. Emerson knows from experience: After his father died, he chose to move his elderly mother from their family home, where she was vulnerable (易受攻击的) to house breakers, to a new one with more security. “The move was quite hard on her, and she might feel that I pushed her into it,” he says. “Ultimately, I am left with that responsibility.”
In the future, more and more only children will likely face similar choices. With working mothers increasingly the norm (正常现象), many families are finding they simply don’t have the time, money or energy to have more than one child. As only children become common, perhaps the world will realize that the accusation made against them is unjust.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude towards only children is ____.
A.critical
B.objective
C.hostile
D.unjust
2. It can be inferred from the passage that only children’s parents should ______.
A.found a support group for their only children
B.do volunteer work to help their only children
C.let their only children make all the decisions alone
D.set good examples for their only children
3. Emerson decided to move his elderly mother to a new house because he ____.
A.is the only who cares about her
B.doesn’t want to 1eave her alone
C.wants to share the responsibility with her
D.is worried about her safety
4. It is quite usual now for a working mother to _____.
A.spend all her time and money on her only child
B.be responsible for bringing up her only child
C.have and bring up only one child
D.concentrate all her energies on her job
5. The main idea of the passage is that ______.
A.only children are spoiled and irresponsible
B.only children have to face many challenges
C.most only children want to have brothers and sisters
D.most only children share their responsibilities with their parents
Passage T wo
When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea secret, or patent it.
A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly (垄断) and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.
Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the life span of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events.
The longest extension ever granted was to Georges V alensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuit was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no color TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention.
Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the patent office to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high coat of conduction a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor's right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security.
Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most “new” ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, that makes news and money. The basi c patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the V olkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.
6. The passage is mainly about _________.
A.an approach to patents
B.the application for patents
C.the use of patents
D.the access to patents
7. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.When a patent becomes out of effect, it can be re-patented or extended if' necessary.
B.It is necessary for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes his invention public.
C.A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legal period is over.
D.One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attached to the patent
office.
8. Georges V alensi’s patent lasted until 1971 because _________.
A.nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that time
B.his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long time
C.there were not enough TV stations to provide color programs
D.the color TV’ receiver was not available until that time
9. The word “plagiarize” most probably means _________.
A.steal and use
B.give reward to
C.make public
D.take and change
10. From the passage we learn that _________.
A.an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice
B.products are actually inventions which were made a long time ago
C.it is much-cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one
D.patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a search through dead
patents
Passage Three
Most people feel lonely sometimes but it usually lasts only between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Psychologists are studying this complex phenomenon in an attempt to better understand long-term loneliness. These researchers have already identified three different types of loneliness.
The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation, for example, a divorce, the death of a loved one or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and
sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. Situational loneliness is easy to understand and to predict.
The third kind is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic (慢性的) loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.
Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, i.e. friends, family members, coworkers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. However, psychologists have found that the number of social contacts we have is not the only reason for loneliness. It is more important how many social contacts we think or expect we should have. In other words, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more.
Most researchers agree that the loneliest people are between the ages of 18 and 25. They found that more than 50 percent of the college freshmen were situationally lonely at the beginning of the semester, but had adjusted after a few months. Thirteen percent were still lonely after seven months due to shyness and fear. They felt very uncomfortable meeting new people, even though they understood that their fear was not rational. The situationally lonely freshmen overcame their loneliness by making new friends, but the chronically lonely people remained unhappy because they were afraid to do so.
Psychologists are trying to find ways lo help habitually lonely people for two reasons. First of all, they are unhappy and unable to socialize. Secondly, researchers have found a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illnesses such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of man, chronic loneliness can be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.
11. What is the main idea of this passage?
A.There are three different kinds of loneliness.
B.Chronic loneliness is the most severe kind.
C.Researchers want to cure loneliness.
D.There is some difference between being alone and being lonely.
12. Lonely people have social contacts _________.
A.because they can ask for help
B.until they produce good health
C.but they think they do not have enough
D.and therefore they can get emotional support from their friends
13. Situational loneliness has made it possible for people ________.
A.to adjust to the new circumstances
B.to cause sleeplessness and headaches
C.to understand that their shyness can not be got hold of
D.to keep fit
14. “The situationally lonely freshmen overcame their loneliness” probably means .
A.they accepted their loneliness
B.they were no longer lonely
C.they made new friends
D.they improve their condition
15. What does “to do so” (Para. 5) mean?
A.To predict situational loneliness
B.To have physical problems
C.To question popularity
D.To make new friends
Passage Four
I’ve been struck, living in Silicon V alley (硅谷) and spending time in other high-tech regions, by how each region can be analyzed with respect to the quality and diversity (多样性) of its knowledge producers and knowledge consumers.
The classic way to view knowledge production in a region is to list all the educational institutions one can think of — universities and colleges, schools, libraries, museums, civic (城市的) centers —and to see these as the region’s producers of knowledge, with the region’s citizens, students, firms, government, and voluntary organizations as their consumers.
But in most regions I visit today, there is a rich interaction between the knowledge producers and knowledge consumers．If the region is geographically compressed enough, you start to get all kinds of informal, face-to-face connections between knowledge producers and consumers —students work part-time in surrounding firms, new firms spin out of universities, employees are retrained on campus, different people go to different public gathering places, and so on. In the 1970s and 1980 we were absorbed with science parks; in the 1990s, all these connections produce what I think of as learning parks. Such learning parks bring increasingly rich intellectual and educational opportunities to their region.
If top-quality schools and universities once invested money in science parks, we now see learning parks pushing resources the other way. In the relation between leading-edge (前沿) firms and universities, for example, the firms increasingly provide adjunct (临时的) professors, guest lecturers, internships (实习期) for students, vacations for faculty, and workplace experiences for scholars of all ages. So the traditional producers of knowledge (the faculty) are also becoming consumers of the knowledge that their traditional consumers (graduate students, firms in the region) produce. This is very healthy indeed.
16. The author has noticed how to look at a place in terms of ______.
A.the quality and diversity of its services
B.its rich intellectual and educational opportunities
C.knowledge production and consumption
D.investment in educational institutions
17. Educational institutions in a region inc lude not only universities and colleges but also ____.
A.high-tech companies
B.firms, government and organizations
C.science parks and learning parks
D.libraries, museums and civic centers
18. In the passage the word “park” most probably means ______.
A. a piece of land in a town for public recreation
B. a group of buildings housing related enterprises
C. a piece of country kept in its natural condition
D.an enclosed area of grassland attached to a large country house
19. Learning parks are now helping universities by ______.
A.hiring adjunct professors in leading firms
B.establishing business relations with surrounding firms
C.allowing scholars to work in leading-edge firms
D.retraining employees on campus
20. The traditional producers of knowledge are those who ______.
A.teach full time in a college or university
B.work in leading-edge firms
C.pursue graduate studies in a college or university
D.teach temporari1y at a college or university
V. T ranslation
Part One
上个月，我回到了阔别20年之久的家乡。

看到家乡发生的巨大变化，我格外惊奇。

在过去，乡亲们靠务农为生，他们对外面的世界几乎一无所知。

此外，他们也没有受到充分的教育。

如今情况大不相同，很多人年轻人都在城里工作，工资也不错，有些甚至在城里愉快地安了家。

更重要的是，乡亲们都已认识到教育的重要性。

邻居王阿姨对我说：“许多家庭的孩子都在读大学，有些家庭安装了有线电视，有的还购买了手提电脑呢。

”王阿姨还说：“当然，这一切都得益于教育。

要致富，首先得靠教育。

”
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________
Part Two
Directions: Put the following sentences taken from the Reading Passages into Chinese.
1. (Passage 1, Para. 4)
With working mothers increasingly the norm (正常现象), many families are finding they simply don’t have the time, money or energy to have more than one child. As only children become common, perhaps the world will realize that the accusation made against them is unjust. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________
2. (Passage 2, Para. 1)
When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea secret, or patent it.。