大一《希腊罗马神话》期末复习（英文）

⼤⼀《希腊罗马神话》期末复习（英⽂）希腊罗马神话复习⼀．单选（课⽂）10分
⼆．判断（课⽂）10分
三．表格（默写）20分
四．名词解释（课后）20分
C1
: It relates to means ambiguous.
: It relates to Olympian means that some one is like a god,especially by being calm and not concerned about ordinary things. : It relates to means something connected with war and fighting.
: It relates to means a punishment that is deserved and cannot be avoided.
:I t relates to means something big ,strong and powerful.
C2
:It relates to means someone is elegant and beautiful like Juno.
:It relates to means someone is watchful and alert.
satyriasis:It relates to means someone that has an abnormally intense sexual desire in men. :It relates to means having feelings that change suddenly and without warning.
C4
1.chaotic:It relates to means messy and disorder.
2.Pandora’s box:It relates to Pandora. It means the root of troubles.
3.Promethean:It relates to means a person who resembles Prometheus.
C6
:It relates to means Sensuality, debauchery, and revelry.
C7
1.Midas’/ass’s ears:It relates to means A secret that cannot be also menas someone is shallow and uninformed.
2.Midas/the golden touch:It relates to means touching a stone and turning it into gold.
3.cut the Gordian knot:It relates to means solving a complex problem with a bold strike.
C8
1.cereal:It relates to means grains.
2.aureole:It relates to means a bright circle of light.
C9
’s boat/ferry:It relates to means some one is going to die.
the Styx:It means some one is going to die.
C12
1.gain/reap/win（one’s）laurels: It relates to Daphne. It means gaining one’s honors.
2.Look to one’s laurels:It relates to means to work hard in order not to lose the achievement.
3.rest/repose/retire/sit(back)on one’s laure ls: It relates to means to satisfy with what you have achieved and stop trying.
4.a Noble/poet laureate:It relates to means to be a noble price winner.
C13
1.cupidity: It relates to means a very strong desire for something.
2.erotic:It relates to means sexual excitement.
C14
1.Aphrodite’s girdle:It relates to means unlimited female sexuality.
2.adonis:It relates to means some one is a handsome young man.
C16
1.Narcissism:It relates to means the habit of always thinking about yourself and admiring yourself.
C17
1.Pygmalion effect:It relates to Pygmalion. It is a phenomenon in which the greater the expectation placed upon people ,the better they perform.
C18
1.atlantean:It relates to Atalanta. It means strong ,powerful and gigantic.
2.Mount one’s Pegasus: It relates to means to write a poem.
3.a chimera in one’s brain: It relates to means the fantasy in one’s mind.
C20
1.the choice of Heracles: It relates to means some one is in a dilemma.
2.Cleanse the Augean Stable:It relates to means to remove something totally.
3.Herculean effort:It relates to means great effort.
C21
1.sow dragon’s teeth: It means to provoke war by spreading dispute;or cultivate warriors or monster.
2.a Cadmean/Pyrrhic victory:It relates to means a victory that comes at a great cost.
1.sphinx riddle:It relates to means a puzzle which is very difficult to solve.
C24
1.the apple of discord: It means the root of the trouble and any subject of possible of contention or disagreement.
2.Achilles’heel:It relates to means a weak point in something that is otherwise perfect.
3.hector: It relates to means to intimidate or dominate in a blustering way.
4.Achilles and Patroclus:It relates to Achilles and means male friendship, a heroic friendship.
5.Fight like a Trojan:It means to fight with great determination.
6.Sulky like Achilles in his tent: It relates to means sulky.
7.a Trojan horse:It means the hidden danger.
8.Myrmidon: It means a faithful follower who carries out orders without question.
9.Helen of Trojan:It relates to means the root of war; a beauty who ruins her country;a terrible disaster brought by somebody or something you like best.
10.Greek gift:It means a gift with evil purpose of the enemy; a gift to murder.
五．简答题20分
C1
1.What did the ancient Greeks know about their world
The Greeks believed the earth to be flat and circular,their own country occupying the middle of it,the central point being either Mount Olympus,The earth is divided into two equal parts by the the earth flowed the River Ocean.
2.To which place were mortals favored by the gods taken when they died
The Aethiopians.
3.How did Zeus divide the rule of the world with his brother
Zeus’s portion was the heavens,Poseidon’s the ocean and Hades’s the realms of the dead.
4.How was Venus married off to Vulcan
Jupiter gave her to Vulcan, in gratitude for the service he had rendered in forging thunderbolts.
5.How did the Fates mete out human destiny
The three goddesses were assigned distinct task:Clotho spun the “thread” of human fate,Lachesis dispensed it and Atropos cut it.
C2
1.What was Zeus’ usual way of hiding his scandals
He raised a cloud to hide some of his doings that would not bear the light and He turned the girl into an animal.
2.How did the musical instrument “panpipe” come into being
Pan fell in love with A nymph called Syrinx,who was a faithful worshipper of chased her to the bank of river .With the water nymph’s help,Syrinx was turned into was so sad and he made an instrument with the reeds,which called that is the panpipe.
3.How can you account for Zeus’s promiscuity
The promiscuity of Zeus serves more than entertaining is out of political have a powerful ability to reproduce in order to reproduce more offspring, . For most of the people in the world flows his blood, is one of the methods can have more faithful the number of the faithful follows decide whether his regime is firm.
1.What was the direct cause of Prometheus’ obtaining fire for man
When Epimetheus created man ,he had nothing left for him.
2.What attitude toward women is shown through the story of Pandora
The story shows the ancient Greeks thought women were inferior and affiliated to men,and they were the root evil and trouble.
3.Which age of man applies to our own agePlease elaborate.
I think we are in the Iron work day and night and man’s character is more complex,though mixed with kindness, but more wants to rule no longer trust each people do not love each are regarded as and justice are no longer seen as the norm of conduct, but merely violence.
4.How is the first woman often described as a “lovely evil”How does she compare with Eve in the Book of Genesis Pandora is described as a “lovely evil” because she was the most beautiful and sweetest woman,but she opened box and made many evil things free.
Both Pandora and Eve are are also described as the root of troubles to take the blame for the male they were created out of different was created as the cost of Prometheus stealing the fire for symbolizes a great temptation and human is inferior and affiliated to the man and just like a slave and she was created to help man.
5.Why did Zeus try to withhold fire from human beings
Because fire is a symbol for technology and civilization.
A basic distinction in myth between raw & cooked and wild & civilized.
As a revenge for Prometheus' earlier theft of the finest sacrificial portions.
By withholding fire, Zeus makes the division of the sacrifice impracticable. The humiliation of Zeu s prompted him to take the extreme measure of withholding fire from mankind, without which m an would soon be little more than animals.
C6
1.What led to Bacchus’ wanderings
Bacchus invented how to plant grapes and brew wine. He was wandering around
and spread this kind of knowledge to bring people the joy of drinking.
C7
1.How did Midas acquire the power of turning everything to gold
Because Midas rescued Bacchus’s teacher, Slilenus, and treated him hospitably, entertaining him for ten days and nights with an unceasing round of jollity. In return, Bacchus gave him the power of turning everything to gold.
1.What made Hades fall in love with Proserpine
As signs of womanly beauty began to shine along side her childlike innocence, the adolescent god dess Persephone unwittingly attracted the attention of the Greek god Hades.
2.Why was Venus displeased with Athena,Diana,and Proserpine
Because she thought all of them looked down upon the power of her and her son.
3.What prevented Proserpine’s freedom from the Underworld
Three pomegranate.
4.From what aspects can the Demeter myth be interpreted
Change of seasons
1.Where are the different ghosts conveyed in the underworld
The evil ghosts will be sent to virtuous ghosts will be sent to Elysium.
2.Describe the difference between Elysium and Tartarus and the situation of their respective inhabitants
Elysium ,ruled over by Cronus, lies near Hades’s a happy land of perpetual day,without cold or snow,where
games,music,and revels never cease,and where the inhabitants may elect to be reborn on earth whenever they please.
In Greek mythology ,Tartarus is a deep chasm surrounded by three heavy curtain and three bronze Roman mythology,it is a vast river of is a painful place in where the Furies in it suffer a lot.
C11
1.How were Atalanta and her husband changed into lions
They forgot to pay due honor to Venus and the goddess was provoked at
their caused them to give offence to took
from them their human form and turned them into animals of characters
resembling their own.
C12
1.what was the cause of Apollo’s love for Daphne
Cupid’s golden arrow struck Apollo’s heart.
2.What did Peneus mean by “ Your face will forbid it”
He meant Daphne’s wish would not come true because of her beautiful face.
C13
1.What did the oracle of Apollo say about Psyche’s future husband
He said her future husband awaited he on the top of the mountain and he was a monster whom neither gods nor men could resist.
2.What tempted Psyche to open the box she was bringing back to Venus
A longing desire to put the beauty on her cheeks to become more beautiful.
3.What is the significance of the union of Cupid and Psyche
Love itself is really a happy and painful pursuit of the process,and the process of love must be ups and downs.
C14
1.Why did Venus advise Adonis against attacking wild animals
Because the wild animals were dangerous and she didn’t want to lose her beloved Adonis.
2.What did Venus do to commemorate her ill-fated lover
She changed his blood into short-loved flowers and its blossom open when the wind blows.
C15
1.What aspect does this story show about love
The miserable and beautiful aspect of love.
C16
1.What incurred Juno’s anger towards Echos
Her talk that contrived to detain Juno till Zeus and the nymphs made
their escape.
2.What was Juno’s punishment for her
No power to speak first.
C18
1.What was the cause of Perseus’s adventures
Polydectes wanted an easy access to Danae and got rid of he sent Perseus to kill Medusa.
2.How was Medusa killed
Perseus borrowed the shield from Minerva and winged shoes from Hermes,approached Medusa while she slept. He was guided by her image reflection in the bright shield and cut off her head.
C19
1.How did the Argonauts pass through the Clashing Rocks
They went along the passage found by the dove they sent out and passed the Clashing Rocks safely.
2.What made Medea kill her own children
The fury with jealousy and the thought to punish Jason further.
C20
1.How did Heracles demonstrate his prowess in his infancy
He strangled two snakes which Zeus’ jealous wife Hera had sent to attack him.
2.What incident motivated the Labors of Heracles
He was told by the Delphic Oracle to serve Eurystheus for 12 years and win immortality by performing the labors the king imposed upon him.
3.What does the last labor of Heracles symbolize
C21
1.What was the cause of Cadmus’ adventures
Because his sister was carried away by Zeus,and his father commanded
him to go in search of his sister.
C22
1.How did he kill his own s father
In order to avoid killing his father and married his mother of, he escaped from the Collins, on the way, he killed his father by accident.
2.What do you know about the Sphinx riddle
Sphinx riddle is often used to describe the problems which are complex, mysterious and hard to understand.
C24
1.Who presented the apple of discord and for what purpose
Eris was angry because she had been left out of the feast. She threw among the guest the apple of discord inscribed “for the fairest” to make an issue between Hera, Athena and Aphrodite.
2.Why was Paris as a baby left in the wilderness to die
Because when her mother Hecuba was pregnant, she dreamed she was giving birth to a torch from which streamed hissing serpents and it would bring unfortunate and disasters to the kingdom.
3.Why were the former suitors of Helen willing to help Menelaus in the war of reclaiming his wife from Troy
Because Helen’s father Tyndareus made all the suitors swear an oath t o come to the aid of her husband if she should ever be abducted.
4.What’s behind the reluctance of Odysseus and Achilles to join in the expedition
Their love to their families.
5.What dose the argument between Agamemnon and Achilles show about their character
It showed Agamemnon was stubborn while Achilles was honest and strong-minded.
6.What brought Achilles back to the battlefield
His reconciliation with Achilles and his pride and glory.
7.Why was Achilles so barbaric in his treatment of Hector’s corpse
Because he was so angry with what Hector had done.
/doc/40e62e631b37f111f18583d049649b6649d70935.html pare the values in the story with those that people hold what extent are dignity, honor,glory,fame,and revenge still important
六．问答题20分
1.Make a comparison between Dionysus and Apollo from their attributes, mottoes and spirits.
2.What do you think is love Explain your opinion with the mythologies.(期中论⽂）
C20
heroic qualities dos Heracles possessHow does he differ from the other heroes like Jason and Perseus
C22
you believe in fate To what degree are we in control of our own life。