2023届高三英语二轮复习：常见的阅读理解正确答案的设置与出处规律 讲义

高考英语复习备考：常见的阅读理解正确答案的设置与出处规律一.

常位于段首段尾处，往往是同义替换

英语文章的主题句经常出现在首段，段落的主题句经常出现在段首。止匕外，首段的末句或第二段的首句常常也是文章的主题句。文章的尾段或者段落的结尾一般会是概括和总结性的陈述，经常会得出某种结论或提出某项建议，

因此文章的段首段尾，经常是高考英语阅读理解设题的题眼。高考英语阅读理解题的正确选项大都不会直接采用原文的表达方式，而是采用同义替换的形式。

【例1】（2021年新高考I卷，阅读理解D篇）

An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that' s relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.

A.Soil pollution.

ck of workers.

C.Aging machines.

D.Low profitability.

根据文章第一段可知，澳大利亚的一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一开发可能会给畜牧业带来重大变化。几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临劳动力短缺的问题。a labor shortage与B选项〃Lack of workers.〃为同义替换。故选B o【例2】

（2022年1月浙江卷，阅读理解A篇）

It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about$ 30000 per year before tax. She doesn't work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless-the same old wanderlust retiming. It's a call she must handle alone. Though. Mere Beth says, " When Pm on the road, I'm just in my own world. Ive always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals.

23. What can we learn about Mere Beth in her new job?

A. She has chances to see rare animals.

B.She works hard throughout the year.

C. She relies on herself the whole time.

D.She earns a basic and tax-free salary

根据最后一句"When I'm on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals.“可知，当〃我〃在路上的时候，"我"只是在自己的世界里。"我"一直很独立，"我"强烈地觉得"我"必须帮助动物。Tve always been independent-spirited”与C 选项〃She relies on herself the whole time."为同义替换。故选C。

【例3】

（2021年新高考II卷，阅读理解D篇）

Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president

of the Oklahoma C cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.

35. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey?

A.Increase the value of cattle.

B.Bring down the cost of labor.

C.Make the job more appealing.

D.Keep cattle from being stolen.

根据文章最后一段中的"Michael Kelsey Paris, vice-president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft.〃可知，俄克拉荷马州的养牛人协会副会长Michael Kelsey Paris说，鉴于人们对偷牛的担忧不断上升，机器人可能会非常有用。"ate theft"和D选项中的"being stolen"为同义替换。故选D o【例4】

（2021年全国甲卷，阅读理解D篇）

Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors （因素）like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with "intelligence, creativity, perseverance （毅力）,and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world."

34.Why are more geniuses known to the public?

A.Improved global communication.

B.Less discrimination against women.

C.Acceptance of victors' concepts.

D.Changes in people's social positions.

根据文章最后一段中的〃Ina wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors （因素）like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius”可知，在一个不断进行全球交流的有线世界里，我们都能看到天才的闪光。我们看得越多，我们就越会看到，像性别、种族和阶级等社会因

素并不能决定天才的外表。"constant global communication”和 A 选项〃Improved global communication.〃为同义替换。故选A。

二、抽象概括的为正确选项

正确选项常常是对原文内容的概括、归纳或推断。主旨大意题和推理判断题以及部分细节

理解题的正确选项的设置都遵循这个规律，这就要求学生要透过现象去认识选项的本质。

【例1】（2022年1月浙江卷，阅读理解C篇）

The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there's a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia（失智症）in later life, and if they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.