语言学概论(英)试卷四

1. ________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community A. Langue B. performance C. competence D. parole
2. Traditional grammar is ________. A. descriptive B. prescriptive C. non-Latin-based D. wrong
3. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn‟t it?” is _______. A. directive B. informative C. performative D. phatic
4. ________ speaking, no variety of language is better than or superior to others. A. Generally B. Socially C. Politically D. Linguistically
5. Which of the following is a voiced labiodental fricative?
201 年 月江苏省高等教育自学考试
8801语言学概论（英）
一、 选择题（每小题1分，共20分）
在下列每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确的答 案，并将其字母标号填入题干的括号内。

A. [s]
B. [z]
C. [v]
D. [f]
6. __________ are produced when the obstruction created by the speech organs is total and audibly released.
A. Back vowels
B. Stops
C. Fricatives
D. Glides
7. Minimal pairs are established to identify ________.
A. morphs
B. allophones
C. phones
D. phonemes
8. The allophones of a phoneme never occur in the same positions. This phenomenon is termed as ______.
A. assimilation
B. complementary distribution
C. phonological process
D. coarticulation
9. In the sentence 'I took my big brown cat to the vet yesterday', which of the following does not
appear? _______.
A. Adjective
B. Preposition
C. Adverb
D. Conjunction
10. According to their ______, words can classified into closed-class and open-class words.
A. variability
B. membership
C. similarities
D. functions
11. "Classroom" is a _______.
A. free morpheme
B. derivative
C. compound
D. root.
12. Conjunctions, preposition, pronouns and articles can be classified as ____.
A. lexical words
B. grammatical words
C. pro-forms
D. content words
13. The violation of one or more of the conversational _____ (of the CP) can, when the listener
fully understands the speaker, create conversational implicature, and humor sometimes.
A. standards
B. principles
C. levels
D. maxims
14. The sentence “John likes ice-cream.” Contains ______ arguments.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. none
15.______ analysis is a way to analyze sentence meaning.
A. Componential
B. Predication
C. Syntactic
D. None of the above
16. A(or An) ______ is a logical participant in a predication.
A. argument
B. predication
C. predicate
D. agent
17. The phrase …time is a commodity‟ is an example of_______.
A. The Whorf Hypothesis
B. A metaphoric system
C. A non-standard variety
D. A rich point
18. The Black English sentence “I don't gotta do nothing” is considered incorrect because:
A. it contains a double negative and is thus inherently incorrect
B. it is impossible to understand
C. it is not associated with the upper class use of standard English
D. both a and b above
19. _______ refers to the use of a native language pattern or rule which leads to an error or
inappropriate form in the target language.
A. Interlanguage
B. Positive transfer
C. Negative transfer
D. Overgeneralization
20. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as ______.
A. unnatural
B. something to be feared
C. natural
D. abnormal
二、填空题（每小题1分，共10分）
21. The allophones of a phoneme never occur in the same phonetic context. In this case, they are
in ______ distribution.
22. According to the “semantic triangle” presented by Ogden and Richards, the symbol refers to
the linguistic elements, the ______ refers to the object in the world of experience, and the thought or reference refers to concept.
23. A _____ vowel is one produced by holding the tongue towards the center of the mouth.
24. ______ phonetics studies how a hearer perceives the speech sounds.
25. Suprasegmental features include syllable, stress, tone and ______.
26. ______ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.
27. Linguistics is a branch of science which takes ______ its object of investigation.
28. Compet ence is the ideal language user‟s knowledge of the rules of his language. ______ is
the actual realization of this knowledge in utterances.
29. ______ is the study of the meaning of linguistic units, words and sentences in particular.
30. Langue is the ide al language user‟s knowledge of the rules. ______ is the actual realization of this knowledge in utterances.
31. Acoustic phonetics studies the way the sounds of speech are perceived. ______________________________________________________________ 32. Synchronic linguistics is the study of a given language at a given period of time. ______________________________________________________________
33. Sociolinguistics is concerned with the diversity of language as it relates to various historical
factors.
______________________________________________________________
34. The contrast between distinctive sounds can make a difference of meaning between two
words.
______________________________________________________________ 35. Free morphemes may be subdivided into derivational and inflectional morphemes.
______________________________________________________________
36. minimal pair
37. duality
38. surface structure
三、 判断说明题（每小题2分，共10分）
在题后的括号内，正确的写“T ”，错误的写“F ”，并在题
下空处说明理由。

四、
四、 名词解释（每小题3分，共15分）
39. co-hyponyms
40. reference
五、简答题（每小题5分，共25分）
41.What is syntactic government?
42.What is reference?
44.What is psycholinguistics?
45.What are performatives?
六、问答题（每小题10分，共20分）
46. How is the description of consonants different from that of vowels?
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