信息技术 嵌入式系统术语

信息技术嵌入式系统术语
Embedded System Terminology: A Comprehensive Guide.
Introduction.
Embedded systems are ubiquitous in modern technology, powering everything from smartphones to medical devices. Understanding the terminology associated with embedded systems is essential for effective communication and comprehension within the field. This comprehensive guide will define and explain key terms, providing a solid foundation for anyone working with or interested in embedded systems.
Basic Concepts.
Embedded System: A self-contained computer system designed to perform specific tasks within a larger device or system.
Processor: The central processing unit (CPU) of an embedded system that executes instructions and performs calculations.
Memory: The storage device used to hold instructions and data.
Input/Output (I/O): The interface between the embedded system and the external world, allowing for data transfer and interaction.
Design Considerations.
Real-Time Performance: The ability of an embedded system to meet deadlines and respond to events within specific time constraints.
Power Efficiency: The importance of minimizing power consumption in battery-powered or portable devices.
Reliability: The ability of an embedded system to operate consistently and reliably over an extended period.
Development Tools.
Integrated Development Environment (IDE): A software package that provides a complete set of tools for developing, debugging, and testing embedded systems software.
Compiler: A software tool that translates high-level code into machine instructions.
Debugger: A tool that allows developers to step through code, inspect variables, and identify errors.
Operating Systems.
Real-Time Operating System (RTOS): An operating system designed specifically for embedded systems, providing features like task scheduling and resource management.
Bare-Metal Programming: Programming an embedded system without using an operating system.
Networking.
Embedded Network: A network designed for embedded systems, typically using specialized protocols and hardware.
Internet of Things (IoT): The network of interconnected devices that collect and share data.
Safety and Security.
Functional Safety: The ability of an embedded system to operate safely even in the presence of faults or errors.
Cybersecurity: The protection of embedded systems from unauthorized access or damage.
中文回答：
嵌入式系统术语，全面指南。

简介。

嵌入式系统在现代技术中无处不在，为从智能手机到医疗设备
的所有设备提供动力。

了解与嵌入式系统相关的术语对于在该领域
进行有效沟通和理解至关重要。

本综合指南将定义并解释关键术语，为任何从事或对嵌入式系统感兴趣的人提供坚实的基础。

基本概念。

嵌入式系统，一个自包含的计算机系统，旨在在更大的设备或
系统内执行特定任务。

处理器，嵌入式系统的中央处理单元 (CPU)，执行指令并进行
计算。

存储器，用于存储指令和数据的存储设备。

输入/输出 (I/O)，嵌入式系统与外部世界之间的接口，允许数
据传输和交互。

设计考量。

实时性能，嵌入式系统在特定时间约束内满足截止期限并响应
事件的能力。

功耗效率，在电池供电的便携式设备中最大限度地降低功耗的重要性。

可靠性，嵌入式系统在延长的时间内连续可靠运行的能力。

开发工具。

集成开发环境 (IDE)，一个软件包，为开发、调试和测试嵌入式系统软件提供一整套工具。

编译器，将高级代码转换为机器指令的软件工具。

调试器，允许开发者逐步执行代码、检查变量并识别错误的工具。

操作系统。

实时操作系统 (RTOS)，专为嵌入式系统设计的操作系统，提供诸如任务调度和资源管理等功能。

裸机编程，在不使用操作系统的情况下对嵌入式系统进行编程。

网络。

嵌入式网络，专为嵌入式系统设计的网络，通常使用专门的协
议和硬件。

物联网 (IoT)，收集和共享数据的互联设备网络。

安全性和安全性。

功能安全，嵌入式系统即使在出现故障或错误的情况下也能安
全运行的能力。

网络安全，保护嵌入式系统免受未经授权的访问或损坏。