高考英语专项复习 It的用法总结及训练

2008高考英语专项复习It的用法总结及训练笔者综观近年湖北和全国各地高考试卷和模拟试题，不难发现的it用法在英语基础知识部分考查的比较多，出现的频率也很高，学生也不是弄的非常清楚。

仔细研究不难发现，it 的用法涉及到的考点不外乎以下几点：
1．It作代词的用法（包括人称代词和非人称代词），而尤以后者出现的形式多。

2．作形式主语
3．作形式宾语
4．用在固定搭配中
5．与强调句（此种结构考查的次数最多，应该引起我们平时备考的足够重视）
现将其常见用法归纳如下：
一、.it作人称代词
1.it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:
Ningbo is a beautiful city, isn’t it?
They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.
2.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):
Is this your dog？No, it isn’t.
3.也可指抽象事物:
It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that．
--I want to stay. ---Your father won't like it.
二、.非人称代词it
it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it：
1.指天气：
It is a lovely day, isn’t it?
It is a bit windy.
2.指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back.
3.指环境: It was very quiet in the café.
4.指距离：
It is half an hour’s walk to the city centre.
5指日期：
What's the date toda? It's the eleventh,October.
6指季节：
It is summer now.
7指度量：
It is about 20 pound/kg
8.指价值：
--- What's the cost of the dictionary?
---It is sixty-three.
9 It's 35 centigrade now. So I feel hot.
三、it的其他用法
1.表示谁在做某事的句子：(作不定的形式主语)
---Who is it? ---It’s me.
Who is it there? It's I (me/you/he.....).
I thought it was Mary, but it was not she.
Her face lighted when she saw who it was.
2.用来泛泛的指某件事：(有时泛指一般情况)
---So you are going to be married this time？---When is it？
It doesn’t matter.
It is a shame, isn’t it?
How is it going?(情况怎样）
It's your turn to be on duty.
It says in the newspaper that......
3.it用在一些词组中，it 没有特别的意思
The last train's e on, we'll foot it.(来，咱们步行吧。

）
四、作形式主语，替代不定式，ing形式或主语从句
⑴作形式主语替代主语从句
1.①. It is clear ( obvious，true，possible，certain....) that ..... 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂是主语从句最常见的一种结构。

It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That he’s round a nd tall like
a tree is very clear.
②4. It is important ( necessary，right，strange，natural...) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。

It is important that we (should) learn English well.
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
2.①It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....) that ... 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。

It is said that he has come to Beijing.
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
②It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded... ) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要
用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为＂据建议；有命令．．．）
It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.
It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.
3. ①It is time ( about time ，high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，
值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟．②有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省，常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂
It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. It is time you bought a new car.
It is (high ) time you made up your mind.
②It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，。

至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。

如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that 可以省去；it有时用this 替换．常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。

It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 4.It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/... ) that ... 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。

没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。

It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
5. It happens (seems，looks，appears ) that... 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen ，seem等词是不及物动词。

It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧．．.
It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来．．．
⑵作形式主语替代不定式
1. ①. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。

常见的有：bad ，brave ，careless，clever ，cruel ，foolish ，good （好心的），honest ，horrible ，kind ，lazy ，modest ，naughty ，nice（有教养的），polite，rude ，silly ，stupid ，wise ，wrong（错误的）等。

这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。

It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so.
②. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。

常见的形容词有：①important，necessary，natural ②easy ，safe ，common ，normal ，hard ，difficult ，dangerous ，unusual，rare ，
impossible ，pleasant等。

=在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party.
2.It takes sb. ... to do sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为＂做．．．要花费某人．．．＂。

It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
⑶作形式主语替代ing形式
It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good ，( not any good ) ，no use ，( not any use )。

It is no good learning English without speaking English.
It's useless trying to argue with Shylock.
五、作形式宾语，代替不定式，ing形式，宾语从句。

We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为"6123结构"。

6指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。

We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
He felt it important learning English well.
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers.
六、.it的重要句型
1.强调句
①It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who ... 该句型是强调句型。

将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。

如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。

It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father.
It was yesterday that I met her in the street.
It is you that /who are wrong.
I think it was Jack said this.(其中省略了who 或that)
What is it you want me to do?(it 后省略了that)
②It is not until + 被强调部分+ that ... 该句型也是强调句型。

主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是not ... until ... 的强调形式。

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
2. It is .... since ...。

该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题，主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。

如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。

It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died.
It is years since I enjoyed myself so much.
3. It is ... when ...。

该句型中的when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译为＂当．．．的时候，是．．．＂
It was 5 o’clock when he came he re.
4. It be ... before ... 该句型主句中的it 指时间，主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long，not long ，3 days ，2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为＂．．．之后．．．＂。

It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.
It will be not long before he finishes his job.
5. It doesn’t matter whether ( if ) ... 该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为＂不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。

It doesn’t matter if they are old.
6. It looks ( seems ) as if ... 该句型中it无意义，as if 引导一个状语从句。

常译为，＂看起来好象．．．＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。

It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）
It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病）
It seemed as if he were dying.
It looks as if it hasn't been washed following the instructions.
配套练习1。

.Complete the sentences,paying attention to the structures of them and the use of "it".
1.______(据报道)that dozens of children died in the accident.
2.______(真遗憾)that he can't swim at his age.
3.______(很可能)that they will beat us tonight.
4.______（看来）that he enjoys pop songs very much.
5.______（仍然是一个问题）when we shall have our sports meet.
6.______(还不确定)whether he can attend this conference or not.
7.______（不要紧/没关系）whether we go together or separately.
8.It's up to you ______（决定是否接受这项工作）。

9.It is important ______（我们学英语）.
10.It is kind ______（你们帮助我）.
11.It took me five days ______（解决这个问题）.
12.It's no use ______（与她争论）.
(Suggested answers:
1.It was reported…
［It be+p.p.(known,thought,told,believed,hoped…)+that-clause］
2.It is a pity…
［It be+n.act,a surprise…)+that-clause］
3.It is likely…
［It be+adj.(wonderful,true,important,surprising,clear…)+that-clause］
4.It seems…
［It seems/appears/happens+that-clause］
5.It is still a question…
［It be+n.+wh-/how-clause］
6.It is uncertain…
［It be+adj.(not decided,uncertain)+wh-/how-clause］
7.It doesn't matter…
［It doesn't matter(It's no wonder;It doesn't make too much difference…)+wh-/how-clause］
8.…to decide whether to take the job or not
［It's up to sb.to do sth.］
9.…for us to learn English
［It be+adj.(difficult,easy,hard,important…)for sb.to do sth.］
10.…of you to help me
［It be+adj.(kind,nice,brave,clever,stupid…)of sb.to do sth.］
11.…to solve t he problem.
［It takes(took)sb.…to do sth.］
12.…arguing with her
［It's no use(no good,useless)doing sth.］)
2。

"it" can be used in some other structures to express "time".Let's do another exercise on the screen.
Complete the sentences
1.______(已经有三年了)since his father passed away.
2.______(不久)the police arrived.
3.______(已经八点了)when we got home.
4.______（该……的时候了）she wrote a letter to her boyfriend.
5.______(这是第一次)that these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
6.______（我们该）to go to school.
(1.It is/has been th ree years…
［It be+some time+since…］
2.It was not long before…
［It be(not)+long(days,weeks,months…)before…］
3.It was already eight o'clock…
［It be+definite time+when…］
4.It is(high)time(that)…
［It be(high)time+(that)…］
5.It is the first time…
［It be+the fir st(second,third…)time+that-clause］
6.It is time for us…
［It be time for sb.to do sth.］)
3。

.Correct mistakes if there are any.
1.It is he that I want to see.("him" should be used instead of "he",)
2.It is I who is leaving for London next week.("is" after "who" should be replaced by "am" to agree with "I" in person and number.)
3.It was on Tuesday when Mrs Smith came.("when" should be replaced by "that" to give special emphasis to the adverbial of time.)
4。

.look at the sentences on the screen.I'd like you to translate them into Chinese.(in these sentences,"it" has no special meaning.)
1.It is my turn.(轮到我了)
2.Let's call it a day.(今天就到这里吧。

)
3.If the teacher sees you doing that,you will catch it.(如果老师看到你这么做，你就会挨批评。

)
4.Go ahead,we'll make it in the end.(继续干吧，我们最终会成功的。

)
5.-I will study hard in the future.
-That's it.(-今后我会努力学习的。

-这就对了。

)
6.Take it easy.(别着急。

)
5。

.Choose the best answers:
1.Is______necessary to complete the design before National Day?
A.this
B.that
C.it
D.he
2.She heard a terrible noise,______brought her heart into her mouth.
A.it
B.which
C.this
D.that
3.Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but ______didn't help.
A.he
B.which
C.she
D.it
4.______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A.There
B.This
C.That
D.It
5.I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have______?
A.it
B.those
C.one
D.them
6.-Why don't you take a little break?
-Didn't we just have ______.
A.that
B.this
C.one
D.it
7.I don't think ______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A.this
B.that
C.its
D.it
8.-He was nearly drowned once.
-When was ______?
-______was in 1998 that he was in middle school.
A.that;It
B.this;This
C.this;It
D.that;This
9.The weather turned out to be very good,______was more than we had expected.
A.what
B.which
C.that
D.it
10.Was ______ that I saw last night at the concert?
A.it you
B.not you
C.you
D.that yourself
(1~5 CBDDC 6~10 CDABA)
配套练习2：【知识过关】it用法演练
Task1 单项选择(32分)
1.It took us over an hour ________ along the street.
A. walk
B. to walk
C. walking
D. walked
2.I think it a great honour _______ to visit your country.
A. to invite
B. inviting
C. having invited
D. to be invited
3.Many people now make_______ a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas.
A. themselves
B. it
C. that
D. this
4. ________ is very clear to everyone that he's round and tall like a tree.
A. This
B. What
C. That
D. It
5.In the United States, bus travel doesn't cost much as train travel,________ ?
A. don't they
B. does it
C. do they
D. doesn't it
6.Someone is at the door, who is_______ ?
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. he
7.-It is raining cats and dogs.
- ____________. .
A. So it is
B. So is it
C. Neither it is
D. Neither is it
8.-My home is in that tall building over there.
- __________ ?
A. Can it see
B. Can see it
C. Can be seen it
D. Can it be seen
9. _________ raining hard for 3 hours without stopping.
A. It is
B. It was
C. It has been
D. It had been
10.-Has the boy got his bicycle now?
-Yes, the police gave_________. .
A. him to him
B. it to it
C. it to him
D. him to it
11.-Boy, ____________.
-It is, looks like spring is coming soon.
-Yeh, It'll just be a few more weeks.
A. it's really a nice day today, isn't it?
B. what knid of weather are we going to have today?
C. do you think it is going to rain today?
D. what' it like outside today?
12.It is important ________ their offer.
A. reject
B. rejects
C. to reject
D. rejecting
13.Has ________ been decided when we are to hold the sports-meeting?
A. that
B. this
C. it
D. what
14.-Did Li Lei call me while I was out?
-Yes, it was ________ that called you.
A. him
B. he
C. who
D. whom
15.Nothing is wrong with the radio _________ ?
A. isn't it
B. is that
C. is it
D. isn't that
16.I don't know ________ makes her afraid of having her business discussed.
A. what it is about Mary that
B. that is it abut Mary what
C. what is it about Mary that
D. that is about Mary what
17.Which sentence is wrong?
A.I felt it impossible for him to take the exam.
B.I found it impossible that he might take the exam.
C.I thought that he might not take the exam.
D.In my opinion he might take the exam.
18.I don't think _____difficult for a Chinese student to master a foreign language within five years
A. that
B. it
C. too
D. very
19.It's the second time you _______ late this week.
A. arrive
B. arrived
C. have arrived
D. had arrived
20.It will not be_______ we meet again.
A. long before
B. before long
C. soon after
D. shortly after
(1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A
配套练习2。

：
1.____ is _____ who wants to see you.
A.It;he
B.That; he
C.It;I
D.That:him
2.______ used to be thought that the earth was square.
A.He
B.What
C.It
D.That
3.I found ______ impossible for _____ to work out the math problem.
A.it;he
B.that;he
C.that;him
D.it;him
4.I have made _____ clear _____ I have nothint to do with the accident.
A.it;who
B.it;that
C.this;who
D.this;that
5.She thought _____ a great honor to be invited to speak to us.
A.that
B.this
C.it is
D.it
(key:ACDBD)
分析：it作形式宾语
高考预测：
1．______that there will be another good harvest this autumn.
A. He is said
B. It is said
C. It says
D. It was said
2.______ she was free on Monday morning,
A. That happened
B. It is happened that
C. It happened to
D. It happened that
3.___three years since he joined the army.
A. That is
B. It is
C. This is
D. It was
4. ________is good ___you to have taken good care of your classmates.
A. This; to
B. It; for
C. That; it
D. It; of
5. What a long way ____________!
A. it is B is it C. is that D. This is
6. Does ______matter if I am late for the meeting tomorrow?
A. this
B. it
C. that
D. which
7. ________makes me sick to think of the matter.
A. That B It C. This D. Which
8. The parents will never forget that _____ the doctor __had saved their child’s life.
A. It is; that
B. It was; that
c. That is; when D. It was; when
9._____about half past ten ______we got to the station.
A. It is; that
B. It was; that
C. That is; when
D. It was; when
10. We consider ___our duty helping him.
A. it
B. that
C. which
D. that
答案: 1-5 BDBDA 6-10 BBBDA。