最新2021-2022年高考英语二轮复习 情态动词和虚拟语气

第三讲情态动词和虚拟语气
1．(2021·江苏高考，27)If it ________ for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now.
A．had not been B．should not be
C．were not to be D．should not have been
A[考查错综虚拟语气。

句意：要不是那天他邀请我，我现在就不会在这里了。

虽然主句I should not be here now 是表示与现在事实相反的假设，但由the other day(那天，前些天)可知，if条件句是表示与过去事实相反的假设，故谓语动词用had not been。

]
2．(2021·江苏高考，28)It might have saved me some trouble ________ the schedule.
A．did I know B．have I known
C．do I know D．had I known
D[考查虚拟语气在倒装句式中的应用。

句意：要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。

由句意和might have saved可知，句子用了虚拟语气。

本句表示与过去事实相反的情况，故从句谓语用had known。

if引导的非真实条件句中含有were，had，should时，可将它们提到主语之前，并将if省略。

] 3．(2021·江苏高考，31)It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，________ bring me food.
A．might B．would
C．should D．could
C[考查情态动词的基本用法。

句意：他们自己那么穷，________给我带来了食物，这让我(感动得)心里不好受。

should可以用在that引导的从句中，跟在某些形容词或动词之后，表示“竟然，居然”，带有惊讶的语气。

故选C项。

might可能，或许，可以；would(过去)总是，愿意；could能够，或许。

] 4．(2021·北京高考，31)I love the weekend，because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A．needn't B．mustn't
C．wouldn't D．shouldn't
A[考查情态动词。

句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六周日我不必(needn't)早起。

A项needn't意为“不必，没有必要”，符合语境。

mustn't禁止；wouldn't不愿意；shouldn't不应该。

]
5．(2021·北京高考，34)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week？If you ________ me，I could have helped.
A．told B．had told
C．were to tell D．would tell
B[考查虚拟语气。

句意：你上周为什么不把你的困难告诉我呢？如果你告诉了我，我就可能帮你了。

根据题干中的Why didn't you tell me和could have helped可知，此处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以if条件句的谓语动词用had told。

]
6．(2021·天津高考，5)It was really annoying；I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A．wouldn't B．couldn't
C．shouldn't D．needn't
B[考查情态动词。

句意：真烦人，我无权使用(couldn't get access to)你推荐的资料库。

B项couldn't意为“不能”，符合语境。

wouldn't不愿意；shouldn't 不应该；needn't没必要。

]
7．(2021·天津高考，15)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadn't been wearing one，I ________．
A．were injured
B．would be injured
C．had been injured
D．would have been injured
D[考查虚拟语气。

句意：我当时系着安全带。

如果没系的话，我会受伤的。

根据题干中的If I hadn't been wearing one可知，此处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以主句的谓语用would have been injured。

]
8．(2021·浙江高考，15)Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS－related deaths ________ since their highest in 2005.
A．had not fallen B．would not fall
C．did not fall D．would not have fallen
D[考查虚拟语气。

句意：要是没有政府和科学家的合作，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高值降下来。

从句Had...not worked together是对过去情况的假设，所以主句谓语要用would(not)have done。

故选D。

] 9．(2021·浙江高考，17)George ________ too far.His coffee is still warm.
A．must have gone B．might have gone
C．can't have gone D．needn't have gone
C[考查情态动词表推测的用法。

句意：乔治不可能走太远，他的咖啡仍是温的。

can't have gone意为“不可能走(远)”，是对过去情况的否定推测，符合语境。

must have gone一定已经走(远)，是对过去情况的肯定推测；might have gone 可能已经走(远)，是对过去情况可能性不大的推测；needn't have gone本没必要走(远)，表示本来没必要做某事却做了。

]
10．(2021·浙江高考，4)It was so noisy that we________hear ourselves speak.
A．couldn't B．shouldn't
C．mustn't D．needn't
A[考查情态动词的基本用法。

句意：这里如此吵闹以至于我们听不见自己讲话。

couldn't不能；shouldn't不应该；mustn't不准；needn't没有必要。

由语境
可知，此处表示“我们不能听见自己讲话”，因此选A项。

]
1．常考情态动词的用法
(1)can/could的用法
表示能力can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力
表示请求could不表示过去，只表示委婉、客气的语气，但回答时必须用can 表示可能性一般用在否定句及疑问句中，could也可用于肯定句
表示请求、允许might不表示过去，仅表示语气更加委婉、客气
表示可能性表示把握性不大的推测，不用于疑问句中；might表示的可能性比may更小
表示祝愿may可以用来表示祝愿，但句子要用部分倒装
固定用法may/might as well do sth.“不妨做某事；还是做某事为好”
用于第二人称作主语的疑问句表示请求
表示意志、决心或愿望
表示客观上的习惯，will表示现在，would表示过去
表示推测或猜想
表示按规律“注定会”
(4)shall
用在第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见或请示
用于第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示说话者命令、警告、许诺等
的语气
用在第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示法律条文等的规定，意为“必须”
表示义务、责任、劝告或建议，意为“应该”，与ought to基本相同；should表示主观，ought to表示客观
表示预测，意为“应该会；按理说；想必会”
表示意外、惊讶、纳闷等感情色彩，意为“竟会；到底”
need意为“需要”，dare意为“敢”，二者都既可作情态动词也可作实义动词，一般在疑问句和否定句中作情态动词用，在肯定句中作实义动词用。

—Need he go yesterday?
—No，he needn't.
She dare not go out alone at night.
2．“情态动词＋have done”的用法
(1)“情态动词＋have done”表示推测
情态动词有can，could，may，might，must，其后跟have done，表示对已经发生或完成的情况的推测。

can仅用在否定句及疑问句中；must仅用在肯定句中；may/might不用于疑问句中。

There is nowhere to find them.Where can they have gone?
You can't have seen her in her office last Friday；she's been out of town for two weeks.
He is upset.He must have been punished.
Tom may have passed the driving test，but I am not sure about it.
He might not have gone out because the light's on.
(2)“情态动词＋have done”表示虚拟语气
情态动词could，might，should，need(只用否定形式)等后接have done，表示与事实相反的情况，一般意为“本……(事实却不这样)”。

Considering his ability，he could have done it better.
He might have given you more help，even though he was busy.
You should have told me earlier.
I'm sorry，I should't have been so rude to you.
He needn't have gone to the station yesterday.
3．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
(1)基本用法
情况从句谓语动词主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反过去式(be的过去式用were)
should/would/could/might＋动词
原形
与过去事
实相反had done
should/would/could/might＋have
done
与将来事实相反过去式、should＋动词原形、
were to＋动词原形
should/would/could/might＋动词
原形
If I were you，I would do it another way.
If I saw her now，I would be very happy.
If he had taken my advice，he should have succeeded in the competition.
If he should come here tomorrow，I should/would talk to him.
If it were to rain tomorrow，the football match would be put off.
(2)含蓄虚拟语气
有时非真实条件不是通过if引导的条件来表现的，而是通过一些词或短语来表示，如without，but for，otherwise，but等。

I couldn't have finished the work on time without your help.
But for your timely warning，we would have got into great trouble.
(3)非真实条件句省略if的用法
如果非真实条件句中有had，were，should，就将had，were，should提前形成部分倒装，条件句中的if可以省略。

Had he taken my advice，he would not have made such a mistake.
Should it be sunny tomorrow，we would go hiking.
Were there no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth.
(4)在“suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，require，insist，desire，urge，recommend”等动词的宾语从句以及would rather后，要用“(should ＋)动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等；由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。

1．(2021·南通、连云港二模)The school took the students' request into
consideration that a party________be held to celebrate the victory.
A．could B．might
C．would D．should
D[句意：学校认真考虑了学生们举行庆功晚会的要求。

that引导同位语从句，说明request的具体内容，从句应用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should 可省略，故选D项。

]
2．(2021·苏锡常镇二模)—They are said to have been familiar with each other.
—But they________．They were introduced only hours ago.
A．may not have been B．couldn't have been
C．mustn't have been D．needn't have been
B[句意：——据说他们互相之间已经非常熟悉了。

——但是不可能啊。

他们几小时前才被介绍认识的。

根据句意，他们几小时前才被介绍认识，不可能已经这么熟悉，这是对过去情况的否定推测，应用couldn't have done表示“过去不可能做了某事”，故选B项。

]
3．(2021·泰州三模)My parents are talking about their school days as if they ________ back at school.
A．are B．were
C．have been D．had been
B[句意：我父母在谈论他们的学校生涯，好像他们回到了学校。

as if后可用虚拟语气，根据语境可知此处与现在事实相反，应用动词的过去式，故选B 项。

]
4．(2021·泰州三模)—Mum，my mobile phone is nowhere to be found.
—________it in the locker room of the gym?
A．May you leave B．Can you have left
C．Could you leave D．Must you have left
B[句意：——妈妈，我找不到我的手机了。

——你可能把它落在体育馆的
衣物间了吗？根据句意可知此处是对过去的情况进行推测，应用“情态动词＋have done”结构，排除A、C两项；另外must不能用在一般疑问句中表示推测，而要用can或could，故选B项。

]
5．(2021·常州二模)—Will our flight to Paris be delayed?
—It________．The flights of this airline are usually very punctual，unless there is bad weather.
A．mustn't B．can't
C．shouldn't D．needn't
C[句意：——我们到巴黎的航班会延误吗？——应该不会。

这家航空公司的航班总是很准时，除非有恶劣天气。

mustn't不能表示推测；can't不可能，语气过于肯定；needn't没必要。

shouldn't用于推测，表示“按照常理应该不会”，符合本题语境，故选C项。

]
6．(2021·南通一模)—Sophia described every detail of the accident just now.
—Then her memory________be completely back.
A．shall B．might
C．could D．must
D[句意：——Sophia刚才把事故的每个细节描述了一遍。

——那么她的记忆一定是完全恢复了。

根据语境可知此处应该是表示推测，并且此处的推测是有充分的依据的(描述每个细节)，因此把握很大，用must表示“一定”，符合题意，故选D项。

]
7．(2021·泰州二模)Fortunately enough，the old man was rushed to the hospital in time.Three minutes late，and he________．
A．would die B．was to die
C．should have died D．would have died
D[句意：足够幸运的是那位老人被及时送到了医院。

再晚三分钟，他就会丧命。

根据句意可知本题是与过去事实相反的假设，排除A、B两项；should have
done本应该做而没有做，不符合题意。

故选D项。

]
8．(2021·苏锡常镇一模)—Where are my new sneakers？Have you seen them?
—How________I know？I'm your sister，not your servant.
A．shall B．will
C．should D．might
C[句意：——我的新运动鞋在哪里？你看到过吗？——我怎么知道啊？我是你的姐姐，不是你的仆人。

should可以表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的情况，符合语境。

故选C项。

]
9．(2021·南京、盐城一模)—Mom！Jack has broken a cup!
—It doesn't matter.Accidents________happen.
A．should B．must
C．will D．shall
C[句意：——妈妈！杰克打碎了一个杯子！——不要紧。

意外总是会发生的。

should应该；must必须；shall用于第三人称表示命令、警告等；will总是，惯于(表示某事经常发生或总是如此)，符合题意。

故选C项。

]
10．(2021·苏锡常镇二模)The measure of a man's real character is what he________if he ________he would never be found out.
A．would do；knew
B．may do；knew
C．might do；knows
D．should do；had known
A[句意：衡量一个人的真正品格是看如果他(做了错事)知道不会被发现，他会怎么做。

is后是一个表语从句，整个从句是一个非真实条件句，与现在事实相反，if从句谓语应用一般过去时(为be动词时用were)，主句用would do。

故选A项。

]
11．(2021·南京三模)The guide was enthusiastic and knowledgeable and we
spent a lovely evening wandering into places which we________straight past otherwise.
A．had walked B．were walking
C．would have walked D．must have walked
C[句意：这个导游非常热情，知识非常渊博，我们度过了一个美妙的夜晚，漫步在那些本该径直走过的地方。

根据句意，假如没有这个导游，这些地方我们只会路过，这是与过去事实相反的假设。

故选C项。

]
【导学号：57732005】12．(2021·徐州三模)—Did you go to Taylor Swift's concert last night?
—I would rather I ________．But I was preparing a report for my boss.
A．did B．had
C．would D．might
B[句意：——你昨晚去泰勒·斯威夫特的演唱会了吗？——我宁愿我去了。

但是我昨晚在给老板准备一个报告。

would rather后接从句，如果与现在事实相反，用动词的过去式；如果与过去事实相反，用had done，这里是在谈论昨晚发生的事情，是与过去事实相反的假设，用had done，done被省略。

故选B项。

] 13．(2021·南京、盐城一模)—I heard about your promotion.You________be thrilled.
—Not really.The new office is huge，but the workload has doubled.
A．shall B．can
C．must D．will
C[句意：——我听说你晋升了，你一定很欣喜吧。

——不完全是的，新办公室很大，但是工作负担也翻倍了。

shall和第二人称连用表示承诺、命令等；can 在肯定句中可以表示客观可能性的猜测，意为“有时候可能”；will将要，愿意。

must肯定，表示很有把握的猜测，符合上下文语境。

故选C项。

] 14．(2021·南通第二次调研)What do you think would happen if the engine ________suddenly stop working?
A．would B．might
C．should D．could
C[句意：如果引擎突然停止工作，你认为会发生什么？根据句意以及主句结构would do可知，这是与将来事实相反的假设，从句应用should do结构，故选C项。

]
15．(2021·南京三模)—Will my car be ready by the end of the day?
—It________be，sir.I'll call you if there's no problem.
A．could B．must
C．shall D．should
D[句意：——今天傍晚我的车能好了吗？——应该可以，先生。

如果没问题我就给你打电话。

should应该，可以表示猜测，指按照常理，不出意外的情况下会，符合题意，故选D项。

]
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