中央电大2012年7月高级英语写作试题
国家电网职称英语题库2012版_补全短文
补全短文Passage 1 Functions of power transmissionThe function of (1) is to send power from power plants to load center or to exchange power between power networks in order to attain the generation-consumption balance or the supply-demand balance between (2)．Power transmission is completed by step-up substations，(3)．The transmission line mainly consists of the transmission conductors (cables)，poles or towers，insulators，overhead ground wires，and grounding devices. The (4) can reduce the line loss and the voltage drop，ensure the power quality, raise the economy of (5)．The increase of transmission line voltage can not only raise the amount of transmitted power, but also reduce the line loss and line voltage drop，and improve the voltage quality．A. step-down substations and connected transmission equipmentB. power network operationC. power transmissionD. transmission at high voltageE. power networksPassage 2 Substation misoperation and its preventingThe misopemtion that can lead to (1) mainly are：①on-loadswitching of isolating switch；②connecting (2)；③closing the circuit breaker (isolating switch) with ground lines (ground switch) earthed．The“five preventings”for (3) includes：①preventing the wrong opening or closing of circuit breaker；②preventing the on load opening and closing of isolating switch；③preventing (4)；④preventing the closing of circuit breaker with grounding wire connected；⑤preventing(5)．A. preventing the misoperation in substationB. the closing of grounding switch with power onC. accidents in the electrical operation of the substationD. the persons from illegal entering the lived bayE. the grounding wire (closing the grounding switch) with power onPassage 3 A brief introduction on the development of supercritical boilers and their main advantagesIn (1) such as U.S.A，Japan and European countries，the supercritical boiler has been developed since the 60s of last century．It has been proved by data and experience，the supercritical unit has (2)．As for its reliability, because the steam-water flow passages in supercritical boiler is same as that in the (3)，there isn’t anything special. But as far as hydrauliccharacteristic，a symbol of reliability, is concerned，in a supercritical boiler, under supercritical condition，medium is of single phase which has a (4). So that the problem caused by uneven distribution of steam phase and water phase can be avoided．It is admitted that, if (5)，both supercritical and subcritical units can get an excellent reliability index.A. good homogenization of distributionB. some advanced countriesC. whole process management is strengthenedD. great advantages oil economy and environmental protectionE. subcritical once-through boilerPassage 4 Steam generation and useSteam is one of man’s dependable servants More and more in the background，steam is doing more and more work for man. In (1) steam may be seen only at the teakettle, but the electricity used may be generated by burning coal or gas and producing steam to turn the generator rotors in the power plant Even if (2) by nuclear fission，the generation of electricity is still accomplished by (3).In the U.S.A. the demand for electricity doubles every ten years. For the most part water resources suitable for powergeneration are already in service, except for emergency standby and peak-load units; approximately 90% of (4) utilizes steam. The (5) is expanding in most countries of the world except for the countries where available water power resources are greater than power needs.A. first generating steamB. an electrically heated homeC. use of steam for electric power generationD. the new generating capacity being installedE. the fuel is uranium and the heat is suppliedPassage 5 Circuit breakerCircuit breakers are automatically operated high voltage (or high current) switches. Circuit breakers are required (1) by switching circuits on，by carrying load and by switching circuits off under manual or automatic supervision. Their duty is as follows：In closed position the circuit breaker must be a good conductor for the normal load current. In open position the gap across the contacts shall have foil insulation level. At opening operating the circuit breaker must be able (2) to many thousands of amperes，and independently of the characteristics from purely inductive to fully capacitive. At closing operation the circuit breaker must close fast and be safe also against full short circuitconditions. They must，therefore，be effective instantaneously when are called upon (3) without movement. As the circuit breaker is the last link in the chain of protective equipment, the circuit breaker reliability is (4) of the total electric power system so the importance (5) cannot be over emphasized.A· to perform any switching operation after long periodsB. to control electrical power networksC. of the circuit breakerD. to switch the current which can be from a few amperesE. of the highest importance for high reliabilityPassage 6 The ratio of distance to height of pumped-storage power plantFor pumped-storage power plant, generally the ratio of distance to height (l), Distance-height ratio (2) to the drop between upper and low reservoir that is L/H. The head of simple pumped-storage power plant consists of two parts，they are natural topographic elevation difference and elevation difference formed by dam. Of course, the head derived from topographic elevation difference ( 3 )，so in selecting plant site，the condition that not only a height difference is available but also no very high dam of upper reservoir is necessary should be considered. Smaller L/H value indicates a shorter water transportation line，then the engineering construction cost can be saved. But in many circumstances, topographic condition ( 4 ),so we can’t say the smallest L/H value ( 5 ). In newly constructed three large capacity pumped-storage power plants in our country, the L/H value respectively are：7.12 in Guangzhou. 4.12 in Shisanling，2.40 in Tian huangpingA. is most economicB. is used to evaluate topographic condition of power plantC. is not desirableD. is the ratio of horizontal distance between upper and low reservoirE. is the bestPassage 7 Fuel cellsFuel cells are devices that when a fuel such as hydrogen or hydrogen-rich compounds and oxygen are supplied to materials arranged like the anode and cathode of a conventional battery, combine to convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. Unlike conventional batteries. where the conversion of chemical to electrical energy requires only the closing of a circuit between the cathode and anode to produce and electrical current，(1). These cells require the fuel and oxygen that will produce the chemical reactions that produce an electrical0utout．Fuel cells have been made that will supply power in the megawatt range，and (2)．Such cells are not yet widely used on power systems，but(3)to supply fuel cell power to isolated loads As the voltage output of a cell is in the order of l to 2.5V, (4) and power output in ranges that are normally required. Inverters are used to (5) when and AC output is desired.A . further development is under wayB. there is no storage capacity in a fuel cellC. many cells are operated in series to obtain voltagesD. supply alternating current from fuel cellsE. as they are being developed there have been some applicationsPassage 8 Substations pace into the Digital Age Substations constitute the main part of power transmission and distribution in a power grid. The substations (1), with the responsibility for the electric power transmission and distribution in the grid. Over more than a decade of development, (2). In the rebuilding and constructing of power grid in rural and urban areas，automation technology is not only used in low-voltage substations to realize unattended operation，but also in the 220kV and above extra-voltage substations，thus greatly enhancing the level of modernization of power gridconstruction, strengthening the power transmission and distribution and the possibility of power grid dispatching and reducing the total cost of substation construction, (3). However, the development of technology is never-ending，and the increasing maturation of technology like intelligent switches，photoelectric current and voltage transformers，online condition monitoring of primary equipments, (4), as well as the development and application of high-speed network in real-time system，is bound to have a profound impact upon the existing substation automation technology, and (5) is about to emerge. A. substation automation technology has reached a certain levelB. simulation training technology for substation operationC. composed of a large number of primary and secondary equipmentsD. a full-digital automation systemE. all of which has become an indisputable factPassage 9 Overcoming the Problem of WasteMany large cities are anything but beautiful Streets are littered with trash. In this trash, however, (1) ．If people want to solve the problem of waste, (2)．They must work out ways of making use of good things which are justthrown away as waste．When a car gets too old，it may not rim any more. But if the metal that the car was made of is still good，(3). When a bottle is empty, it goes out in the trash. But bottle glass can be ground into sand and used to pave streets. Besides, garbage from food can be changed into fertilizer. But first you have to pick out all the glass and metal.Furthermore, garbage can also be a good source for making building blocks, which are then covered with concrete. Now, (4) . Some day, people will watch films in a great cinema which has been built out of garbage Future buildings，roads，and cities may be made from garbage. But so far, (5).A. there is no time to be lostB. building beautiful cities out of garbage is only a dreamC. there is still something that can be usefulD. it can be put to use againE. more and more machines are designed for this purpose Passage 10 HibernationThe weather in winter. Call be very cold. Some animals sleep during the winter, for it's difficult for them to find food then. (1) . For example，their sleep can last from autumn to spring. (2).Animals need food in winter to keep them warm and alive If they move about more，they need eat more. (3). Their heart beatsslowly. And they breathe slowly. They find a safe place to sleep.(4).In warm winter some animals like bears may wake up. If they see thick snow oil the ground, they will get back to their sleep.(5).A. So they don’t need to worry about bad weather and other dangerous animalsB. We call this kind of sleep in wintertime “hibernation’’C. As it gets warmer and warmer in spring，the sleeping animals begin to wake up and look around for foodD. Hibernating animals don’t need to eat much because they don’t moveE. They can sleep for a long timePassage 11 SatellitesThe body that is neatest to the Earth is the moon. (1). This satellite is called natural satellite. Man—made spacecraft which circle the Earth are called artificial satellites. Natural as well as artificial satellites circle the planets in a definite path or orbit(轨道). (2).All the bodies in space like the moon，the planets and the stars also exert an attractive force on objects. (3). The moon’s gravitational force is only one．sixth that of the Earth’s. TheEarth’s gravitational force of pull keeps ns and everything else on Earth from floating away to space.(4). There are many artificial satellites orbiting around the Earth. Some artificial satellites have been sent up to orbit the moon and even the planet Mars. (5).A. The bigger and heavier a body is, the greater is its force of gravityB. It circles the Earth and is therefore know as a satellite of the EarthC. To get out into space we have to overcome the Earth’s gravitational pullD. A satellite stays in orbit because the planet gravitational force keeps pulling it into a circleE. Artificial satellite can be used for various purposes Passage 12 Secondary equipment in power systemThe secondary equipments in power system are (1), measuring，regulating，controlling primary equipments, the equipments that supply information，working condition for the operator or maintenance persons, and (2). The electric circuit connected with the secondary winding of CT or PT is called secondary circuit. The secondary equipment and secondary circuit belong to secondary system.The voltage and (3) are：110V , 220V DC operating voltages, 100V rated voltage of the potential transformer secondary winding and (4). The related parameter values of secondary system after weak electrification are：24V 48V 60V DC operating voltages, (5), 0.5A rated current of CT secondary side.A. 5A rated current of the current transformer secondary windingB. the equipments that provide protecting，monitoringC. 50V rated voltage of PT secondary sideD. the equipments that send the command signalsE. current values in secondary systemPassage 13 Switching overvoltageA sudden change in the configuration of transmission network caused (1) or by the appearance of a fault can cause a rapid surge known as switching overvoltage, which propagates throughout the network. It is these switching overvoltages which in general (2), Limitating these overvoltages is of extremely importance, because they have an important effect on both (3). These switching overvoltages can occur (4). If non-restriking circuit breakers is not used, it is at the instant of closing, and above all，re-closing of a line which has held a residual charge, that the strongest overvoltages will appear. This switchingovervoltage is usually limited (5).A. determine the insulation requirements of transmission linesB. the cost of transmission and 1ine failure rateC. at both opening and closing of circuit breakersD. by means of circuit breaker closing resistor in 500kV systemE. by the operation of a circuit breakerPassage 14 Transmission line and distribution lineThe high voltage power line through which power is (1) is called power transmission line. The voltage classes of 35kV and above are generally used. High voltage distribution line is (2) to distribution transformers. Low voltage distribution line is the line that transmits power from distribution transformer to the users. The normal voltage of power distribution line is 380V. The special sections of (3) refer to the sections with large spanning, serious pollution, (4)．The overhead line section whose span is 1000 m and longer or the height of the pole or tower is l00m and higher is called (5).A. transmitted from power plant’s step-up substation to step-down substationB. the overhead transmission lineC. lightning frequently happening and heavy rainingD. the power line that transmits the power from step-down substationE. 1arge spanning line sectionPassage 15 Transformer insulationThe insulation of a transformer can be categorized into internal insulation and external insulation. (1). The external insulation is the insulation between the upper part of bushings and the ground and the insulation among the bushings. The internal insulation of transformer can be further subdivided into main insulation and longitudinal insulation (2). The longitudinal insulation refers the insulation between different parts of the same winding，such as insulation between different sections，layers and turns of the same winding.(3), insulating pressboard, cable paper, corrugated paper, etc. The oil in transformer has two functions, one is insulation, and the other is cooling (4) by the factors such as temperature is called insulation aging. (5), for every 6o C temperature rise the insulation life time of the paper used in transformer will decrease by half.A. The main insulation materials inside transformer are transformer oilB. The degradation of insulating properties of insulationmaterials under long period of influenceC. The internal insulation refers to the insulation of various parts inside the oil tankD．If the winding temperature is within the scope of 80～140 o CE. The main insulation refers to the insulation between windings and grounding parts and the insulation between windingsPassage 16 The electricity marketThe aim of introducing market mechanism is to bring various parties more economic benefit through equitable competition，thereby promote economic development.Like other markets, it needs (1) where the sellers and buyers (suppliers) can trade electricity, and needs (2) where the suppliers can sell electricity to final customers. As in other markets，the participants need (3). Competition is introduced into generation and retail supplied to customers. Customers are free (4). If a customer chooses to buy electricity in the retail market, he should be able to choose electricity supply from one of several competing retailers. If a customer decides to purchase directly from the wholesale market, he will need (5). Power generation is disaggregated into separate companies to ensureadequate competition.A. to agree on the price and quantity to be tradedB. a wholesale marketC. to register as a market customerD. a retail marketE. to choose electricity suppliersPassage 17 Electric powerElectric power is a most convenient，clean，safe，and useful form of energy which supplies the major portion of energy needs of a modem society At the present time (1) is newsworthy. Electric power is so vital to the lives of people that (2) causes inconvenience, loss of production, and danger to many individuals who are in operation (such as cardiac operation) in hospital. A prolonged blackout, which is inevitable when a growing load is combined with no generation additions, could lead to (3). With the developing of industry and improving in living standard, the electric power demand is growing continuously and (4) is much greater than that of all other forms of energy. Now (5) has been one of the indications of modernization of a country.A. its growth rateB. its unavailabilityC. the lack of electricity (a blackout)D. social disorder, and even national tragedyE. high electric power consumption per capitaPassage 18 Copyright piracyThere are numerous examples of what has become known as copyright piracy. The American chemical giant Du Pont, for example, recently introduced into one Asian country its famous Londax herbicide, which kills weeds in rice fields. The company invested millions of dollars in (1) of this product and ploughed another US $25 million into opening a local production plant. Less than one year later, however, very cheap bottles of Londax were openly on sale. The only difference between (2) -0ther than the price-was that the fake was called Rondex and came in a blue rather than a green bottle. However, as it was so much cheaper than the original, it effectively destroyed Du Pont’s investment. It also made the company less willing to invest in R&D of (3). The“recipe”for Londax should have been treated as (4) of Du Pont. Other companies making illegal use of it are stealing just as surely as if they stole Du Pont’s machines or any other (5) of the inventing company.A. new chemicalsB. the research and developmentC. physical propertyD. the fake and real itemsE. the intellectual propertyPassage 19 Electrical energyElectrical energy is the presence and flow of an electric charge. The energy portion of electricity is found in a variety of phenomena such as (1), electromagnetic fields and lightning. Humans have found the ability to harness these phenomena and store the (2) for later use. The concept of (3) is defined using a variety of different terminologies such as charge，current and potential.Electrical energy is the result of the interaction of subatomic particles with electromagnetic force. Within an atom, electrons and protons create a charge. This charge Can be transferred between bodies using direct contact with a conductive material like a wire.The current refers to the movement of the charge. With direct current, this occurs when the electricity is stored in a battery and travels in one direction out of the battery. (4) occurs when the current changes direction repeatedly within an electrical system. The alternating current form is usually used to power larger objects such as residences and buildings.(5) is essential to the range and power of electric energy. When an electric charge exists within an object, a force is exerted from its electrical field. This accelerates the object in a direction either towards or away from the charge, depending on the electromagnetic polarization. Generally, positively-charged electricity pushes the object away, while negatively-charged electricity pulls the object towards the field.A. Alternating currentB. electrical energyC. Electrical potentialD. static electricityE. electrical chargePassage 20 Solar energyMany people think of alternative solar energy as a new technology, but humans have been using this process to heat homes and baths for thousands of years. Alternative solar energy refers to energy from the sun that can be captured and used just like energy created by fossil fuels. The great benefit of solar energy is that its source, the sun，is not diminished by use of the energy, therefore making this type of power system(1).There are several different methods of collecting and using alternative solar energy. One of (2), usually seen as solar panels.Solar panels can be a very good means of collecting solar energy, but do have some drawbacks. While panels have the advantage of quickly turning absorbed solar radiation into usable energy, they are extremely (3). This means that much of the potential power of absorbed light is lost in the transfer processThermal solar energy is primarily used to create heat, such as for homes, baths, and swimming pools, In a thermal system, (4), which then passes through a pipe system where it mixes with water, generating steam. Steam is then passed through a turbine system, which turns it into usable energy. Despite sounding like a more complex process than photovoltaic systems use, thermal alternative solar energy is often far more (5) and is able to retain and use more of the collected energy directly for heating.A. sustainableB. inefficientC. the collected energy is used to heat a fluidD. the best known is photovoltaic cellsE. efficientPassage 21 Electrical energy conservationElectrical energy conservation refers to the process of reducing energy used through various means. Many of these methods for (1)；naming down the thermostat, naming off thelights when leaving the room, or switching off power strips when not in use are all examples of this. Homes, businesses or power companies (2), such as wind or solar energy, are also examples of electrical energy conservation. Many traditional electrical power plants are coal-fired, which contributes greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, (3)；this is just one reason that energy conservation is important.For many people, electrical energy conservation begins at home. Not only is this good for the environment, but it can also significantly reduce the amount of a monthly electric bill. Some of the simplest steps to energy conservation include switching traditional light bulbs to compact fluorescent(CFL)bulbs, or (4). Making sure appliances are efficient, and that windows and doors are well sealed against the outdoors, are other examples of energy conservation. People (5) should also look for power strips that can be switched off．A. turning the thermostat up in the summer and down in the winterB. looking for other opportunities for electrical energy conservation in the homeC. reducing energy consumption can be undertaken at homeD. making use of alternative clean energy sourcesE. contributing to climate changePassage 1Nowadays, scientists are working hard to make deserts into useful land again. They make efforts to bring water to the desert( C ). Unluckily, more and more land is becoming deserts. This is because people are doing bad things to the earth.Some places don’t become deserts( D )Some green plants are growing there. ( B ). Plants keep the land away from becoming too dry in the sunshine( E ). When a little bit rain falls, the plants can hold the water. Without plants and grass，the land will become drier and drier and is more likely to become a desert. ( A )A. There is still a long way to go for scientists to turn the desert into good land.B. They are very important to dry placesC. so that people can live and grow food thereD. even t hough these places don’t have much rainE. Besides, they won’t let the wind blow the dirt away.Passage 2Temperature, pressure, specific volume, enthalpy and entropy are the most commonly used ( C ) in the thermodynamics.Heat expansion refers to the phenomenon that most of the substances will increase in size with ( B ) in the absence of ( E ).There are three basic types of( A ), namely, conduction, convection and radiation.The first law of thermodynamics goes like this: the heat input to a thermodynamic system is equal to the sum of the increase in( D )of the system and the work done to the outside.A. heat transferB．the rise in temperatureC．parameters of the mediumD．internal energyE．external forcesPassage 1( E ) Here are three important rules( A )Reduce. ( B ) Big cities always consume a lot of water in daily life. To save water, people in some families may first use the same water to wash clothes and then to flush the toilet.Reuse. ( C )For example, you can pass on the clothes you do not use or those too small for you to your younger sisters or brothers.Recycle. Bottles, cans and paper can be recycled. In this way, we can save a lot of money and resources. For example,used coke cans can be sent to a factory to be smashed flat and melted. ( D )A. Their key words all begin with the 1etter “R”.B. If you want to reduce waste. you must use things wisely.C. You must always think of reusing things before throwing them out.D. The metal stuff can be made into new coke cans.E. It’s important to protect our environment.Passage 2According to the mode of energy conversion, power plants can be classified into fossil-fired, hydraulic, ( B ), geothermal, tide power plants, and so on.A power plant transforms primary energy source into electric power and ( C ).A co-generation plant is the power plant that not only generates electricity but also ( A ).Normally, in selecting the site of a new power plant, following factors should be fully considered: Power net plan fur medium and long term; ( D ); Transportation condition; Water sources; Local natural condition and environmental protection.According to the common stipulation for a newly scheduled power plant, the total capacity in a ( E ) is in therange of 1200MW to 3 600MW, the number of units should not exceed six and the ranks of capacity should not exceed two.A. supplies steam to the userB. nuclear, wind, solarC. supplies power to usersD. Fuel supply and ash disposalE. newly scheduled power plantPassage 1The most important pumps in a power plant are feed-water pumps and condensate pumps, etc.The role of feed-water pump in a power plant is that ( B ) from de-aerator water storage tank to boiler. To meet the demand of parameter design of thermodynamic system and to simplify the system, a part of the feed water is extracted from an intermediate stage of the pump for temperature reduction of superheated steam.Following methods are used popularly for the speed regulation of feed-water pump: ( D )；Hydraulic coupling speed regulation and speed regulation by a small turbine.The principle of disposition for boiler feed-water pumps: three sets of feed-water pumps are equipped, ( A ), another one for standby. Generally, two steam-driven pumps and one。
电大英语Ⅱ2012年试题
电大英语Ⅱ2012年试题第一篇：电大英语Ⅱ2012年试题试卷代号：1161 第一部分交际用语（共计10分，每小题2分）1-5小题：阅读下面的小对话，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
1.Must we hand in our homework now?--------A.Yes, you mustn't B.Yes, you mustn't C.No, you needn't 4.Oh, sorry to bother you.---------A.That's okay B.No, you can't C.That's good 第二部分词汇与结构（20分，每小题2分）6-15小题：阅读下面的句子，从A.BC三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
6.He asked me where____ from.A.did I came B．I came C．I come7.He is the man____dog bit me.A.that B．which C．whose8.-Which do you like better, real movies____cartoons?-I prefer cartoons____real movies.A.and, than B．or, than C．or, to9.Are you still here? You were here half an hour ago.Who— for? A.were you waiting B．are you waiting C．do you wait 10.-What's happened to Tom?-____to hospital.A.He's been taken B．He'II be taken C．He'll take 11.____majority of people agree with him.A.Africa, America, Asia, Australasia and Europe.The Olympic flame was first carried in the 1932 0lympic Games in Los Angeles.There was no torch relay in the ancient Olympic Games.The first torch relay in the modern Olympic Games was staged in Berlin in 1936.31.The ancient Greeks held the first Olympic Games in 617 BC.32.The ancient Greeks held the Olympic Games for 393 years.33.They did not allow women to compete in the ancient Olympic Games.34.They first used the Olympic flag in 1908.35.The torch relay was first used in the ancient Olympics.第五部分书面表达（20分）36.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a Passage on the topic My Hobbies.You should write at least 80 words and could base your writing by using the hints given below.利用所给提示写一篇短文，说明你的业余爱好以及它们的益处。
电大英语Ⅱ(2) 201X年7月期末试题及答案
试卷代号：1 162中央广播电视大学2012-2013学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试英语Ⅱ(2) 试题注意事项一、将你的学号、姓名及分校（工作站）名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。
考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。
试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。
一、仔细阅读每题的说明，并按题目要求答题。
答案必须写在答题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上无效。
三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。
第一部分交际用语1-5小题：阅读下面的小对话，从A\B.C\D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
（共计10分，每小题2分）1.- Is it going to be warm next week?___。
．。
________。
___一．A. It changes all the timeB.I don't believe itC. No, it hasn'tD.Yes, it is2．- Would you like a tea?_-_-．-．。
________。
_一．A. Yes, pleaseB.I like green teaC. Yes,I prefer coffeeD.No,I don't mind3.- What time does the train leave?___．。
________。
．。
一．A. On TuesdayB.In the morningC. At half past fiveD.At night4.- Have you ever been to Tokyo?___._...__1...______一．A. No,I didn't go there last yearB.No, but I hope to go there next yearC. Tokyo is a busy cityD.Yes, I'll do it next time5.- Could you please tell me how to get to the nearest bus stop?.__________-..___.._一．A. It's not sureB.Of course notC. It's on the right corner just aheadD.That's all right第二部分词汇与语法结构6-15小题：阅读下面的句子，从A\B\C\D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
英语Ⅱ(1)(1161)9685-大学考试试题(含答案)
B. introducing
C. introduce
22. A. name for
B. named after
C. named of
23. A. that
B. which
C. where
24. A. were defeated
B. defeats
C. defeated
25. A. because
B. furthermore
•
A. No , thanks. I already know what to order
B. Your menu is very clear C. I hear the food here is tasty
3. - Well , Mary , how are you?
•
A. I'm good B. I'm nice
在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
1.一 E xc use me , would you lend me your calculator?
•
A. Certainly. Here you are
B. Yes ,' s nothing
2. •Would you like to see the menu?
pop musIc.
A. than
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C. to
7. Let' s go to the cinema ,
?
A. will you
B. shan't we
C. shall we
8. I have given
eatmg meat.
A. over
c. up
B. down
9. Silk
2012英语高考试题及答案word版
2012英语高考试题及答案word版一、听力理解（共20分）1. What does the man mean?A. He has to leave now.B. He is too tired to go on.C. He will go to the party later.D. He is not interested in the party.答案：C2. What is the woman's opinion about the book?A. It's difficult to understand.B. It's more interesting than she expected.C. It's written in a simple style.D. It's not as good as she had thought.答案：B3. Why does the man make the phone call?A. To ask about the flight time.B. To book a flight to New York.C. To confirm his flight reservation.D. To cancel his flight reservation.答案：D...二、阅读理解（共40分）A篇4. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of a good breakfast.B. The effects of missing breakfast.C. The benefits of regular exercise.D. The relationship between diet and health.答案：B5. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. Skipping breakfast can lead to poor concentration.B. Having a big lunch can make you feel sleepy.C. Regular exercise can help you lose weight.D. Skipping breakfast is not harmful to health.答案：AB篇6. What is the author's purpose in writing the article?A. To introduce a new method of teaching.B. To criticize the traditional teaching methods.C. To encourage students to be more creative.D. To suggest that teachers should be more patient.答案：C7. What does the author think about the current education system?A. It is too focused on memorization.B. It is too strict and not flexible enough.C. It is too old-fashioned and needs to be updated.D. It is too lenient and does not demand enough from students.答案：A...三、完形填空（共20分）8. A. although B. because C. if D. unless答案：B9. A. surprised B. disappointed C. excited D. worried答案：C10. A. decided B. forgot C. remembered D. refused答案：A...四、语法填空（共20分）11. The students were all excited about the coming sports meeting, ________ they had been looking forward to for months. 答案：which12. ________ the weather was fine, they went out for a picnic. 答案：Since13. ________ he was very tired, he kept on working.答案：Although...五、短文改错（共20分）14. One day, Tom and I were walking in the street when we sawa man was lying on the ground. (两个错误)答案：去掉第二个was；lying改为lie15. I used to go to school by bike, but now I am used to go to school by underground. (两个错误)答案：去掉to；underground改为subway...六、书面表达（共40分）16. Write an essay of about 120 words on the topic "The Importance of Teamwork". You should write clearly and coherently, and support your view with appropriate details.范文：Teamwork is an essential aspect of success in today's world. It allows individuals to combine their strengths and compensate for each other's weaknesses. Through teamwork, people can achieve goals that would be impossible for a single person. Moreover, working in a team fosters communication and problem-solving skills, which are valuable in both personal and professional life. In conclusion, the importance of teamwork cannot be overstated, as it is the key to unlocking our full potential.答案：略请注意，以上内容仅为示例，实际的试题及答案应根据具体的考试内容进行编写。
高2012级半期考试英语试题及答案
高2012级半期考试英语试题第一部分听力第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）1. What will the speakers do next ?A. Play basketball.B. Play cards.C. Do a crossword puzzle.2. What time is it now ?A. Eight.B. Seven.C. Half past six.3. What will the woman do this Saturday ?A. See a movie.B. Go away on business.C. Take care of her sister’s baby.4. What does the woman think of the movie ?A. It is the best one she has seen.B. It is not interesting.C. Is not that bad.5. Why didn’t the woman go to the party ?A. She do esn’t like parties.B. She didn’t know anyone there.C. She had serious stomachache.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. What does the woman want to do today ?A. Clean the garden.B. Grow flowers.C. Stay at home.7. What does the woman advise the man to take ?A. A hat.B. A bottle of oil.C. Ice cream.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
2012成人高测试题和答案十(高起点)：英语
2012成人高测试题和答案十（高起点）：英语I. Phonetics (10 Points)Directions:In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letter combinations marked A, B, C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. A. height B. hopefully C. honest D. housing2. A. generation B. mention C. memory D. metallic3. A. persuaded B. happened C. treated D. wounded4. A. shout B. touch C. announce D. about5. A. excuse B. exercise C. explain D. extremely6. A. medium B. western C. Mediterranean D. revolution7. A. castle B. vast C. waste D. fasten8. A. disappear B. fear C. year D. pear9. A. doubt B. sound C. famous D. found10. A. correct B. discover C. comfort D. comeII. Vocabulary and Structure (40 points)Directions:There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11. The research laboratory is going to the new type of computer to use.A. takeB. makeC. putD. bring12. The old woman has a letter from her son in the army to her.A. readB. writeC. writtenD. received13. of the earth is made up of vast oceans.A. Two-thirdB. Two thirdsC. Two thirdD. Twos- third14. Stamps which you don’t want to keep can be with others.A. changedB. tradedC. threwD. collected15. “Jack is no more careful than Tom” means .A. Both Jack and Tom are carefulB. Neither Jack nor Tom is carelessC. Both Jack and Tom are carelessD. Tom is careful, but Jack isn’t16. While cleaning a long-deserted house the other day I came an old photoof my grandpa.A. toB. byC. acrossD. with17. Jane was ill for about a week, She didn’t until yesterday.A. get goodB. get rid ofC. get overD. get on18. —I feel a bit thirsty.—Why don’t you have tea?A. anyB. someC. littleD. a few19. When wood is burnt, it heat and light, together with heavy smoke.A. give upB. sends upC. sends awayD. sends out20. The soldier from a wound and died a heroic .A. died …deadly…dea thB. was dead…dying…deathC. died…dead…dyingD. was dying…dead…death21.—Do you think we’ll still catch the train?— Well, we won’t we walk faster.A. asB. unlessC. untilD. no matter how22. —Do you mind if I smoke here?— .A. No, please don’tB. Yes, pleaseC. No, not at allD. Yes, if you like23. —May I move your bag a little and take this seat?— .A. I don’t mindB. Go aheadC. It doesn’t matterD. You do it, please24. —When will you be free this month, Mr. White?— , maybe we’ll be free next Sunday.A. Let me beB. Let me seeC. Think it overD. I’m afraid25. —May I come to attend your lecture?— .A. No, you’d better not comeB. SureC. It’s not worth listening toD. My pleasure26. He said he had bought dictionary week before, anddictionary was great help to him.A. a…the…the…aB. a…/…the…/C. a…/…/…aD. the…the…the…the27. Mr. Brown, together with his students, to the Science Museum.A. has goneB. are goingC. have goneD. have been28. Although he was in a hurry, he stopped the old man to carry the heavy box.A. helpingB. to helpC. being helpedD. helped29. During the holidays I shall help my father .A. with workingB. with his workC. for workD. for working30. —Where on earth do we get light and heat?—It is from the sun we get them.A. whichB. on whichC. whereD. that31. It’s about time that this problem .A. to settleB. should be settledC. be settledD. to be settled32. A person a foreign language must be able to use the foreign languageall his own.A. learning, forgettingB. who learns, to forgetC. to learn, to forgetD. using, but33. Einstein was given the Nobel Prize Physics in 1921.A. inB. atC. onD. for34. In the geography lesson, the teacher told the children that the earth round like a ball.A. wasB. isC. wereD. had been35. His father died and him a lot of money.A. sentB. affordedC. leftD. gave36. No sooner had he left the police arrived.A. whenB. thenC. thanD. before37. Still water run .A. quickB. deeplyC. deepD. quickly38. He often goes to school by bike it rains.A. besidesB. except forC. exceptD. except when39. It is important us the balance of nature.A. for…to keepB. of…to keepC. for…keepingD. of…to have kept40. There is little ink in the bottle, ?A. isn’t thereB. isn’t itC. is thereD. is it41. There are many in this hospital.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorsC. women doctorD. doctor woman42. Your coat will lose its color it is washed.A. afterB. untilC. thoughD. not until43. —What shall we do this weekend, Sara?—What about to a movie?A. goB. goingC. wentD. to go44. It is quite clear he won’t see us.A. whatB. thatC. whyD. how45. There is “u” and “s” in the word “us”.A. a…aB. a…anC. an…aD. an…an46. Tom told me that you were going to take a trip to America, ?A. wouldn’t youB. didn’t heC. weren’t youD. didn’t you47. Science seems closer to the question.A. to be getting…answering…puzzlingB. to get…answer…puzzledC. to be getting…answer…puzzlingD. getting…answer…puzzling48. , we must take time to discuss it carefully.A. Being rather difficultB. Because the question being rather difficultC. the question being rather difficultD. Because the question be rather difficult49. The teacher told you to do it .A. how he saidB. as you had been shownC. which he told youD. what you had heard50. More than one person that kind of experience.A. has hadB. have hadC. are havingD. were havingIII. Cloze (20 points)Directions:For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices given below and marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blacking the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Not long ago, there lived in Auckland a working family who dreamed about a house of their own. Anyone then could read in the newspapers about the building companies who offered to put people into a new house 51 only a $1,000 deposit. Of course, the remainder had to be paid off with interest over a period of twenty years or so.The worker and his wife hopefully went to one of these companies 52 this wonderful offer. And the manin the office said. “Yes, sure. You bring along $1,000 and we can 53 you with a new house.”So the worker and his wife had to work hard and in twelve months’ time they returned to the building man with $1,000. But t he man in the office said, “Look, I’m sorry, 54 we’ll need $1,500 now. Costs have gone up since we saw you last, you know.”The couple thought it over and decided it would not take very long to save the extra $500 if they worked hard.In six moths they worked 55 overtime and saved the $500 in spite of the high rent they had to pay for their flat. Back to the building man they 56 with their $1,500. But to their surprise he 57 the deposit was now $3,000.Now somewhat wiser, the worker said, “And the next time, I dare say we’ll find the deposit rising once more. How have we 58 save the extra $1,500?”“Well”, said the man, “I think we can stabilize the situation for about twelve months. By the time you come with $3,000, we will have had the house 59 for you.The couple left, sad at heart as they saw their dream house 60 . By the time they had saved the extra $1.500, no doubt the deposit would have become still higher, maybe $5,000, then $10,000 and then…!51. A. for B. with C. on D. to52. A. to ask for B. asking for C. to ask aboutD. asking about53. A. supply B. give C. offer D. equip54. A. or B. and C. but D. so55. A. whole the B. whole C. the all D. all the56. A. filled B. dealt C. went D. went on57. A. replied B. announced C. told D. spoke58. A. had to B. worked to C. tried to D. got to59. A. sold B. paid C. prepare D. ready60. A. throw away B. die away C. take away D. get awayIV. Reading Comprehension (60 points)Directions:There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose on best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneFor some minutes, all was quiet in the street. Then from across the street someone came walking.It looked like a man of middle height, dressed in a big raincoat, a soft hat and rubber-soled boots or shoes, and making little sound while walking. No one was in sight. It was a street with two rows of about fifty small houses and there were three lamps on either side. The lamp nearest to the child’s house could be seen clearly, but the others were almost hidden by the smoky air. A car passed the end of the street and its lights showed faintly, but clearly enough to show the smooth skin of a woman’s face. The car disappeared as the woman, wrapped up in her coat, reached the doorway of the child’s house.She put a key in the lock quickly, pushed the door open and stepped inside, then closed the door without looking round. She began to breathe hard.She leaned against the door for a moment, then straightened up as if with an effort, and walked towards the door of the front room, the passage leading to the kitchen, and the narrow staircase. She hesitatedoutside the door, then went up the stairs quickly but with hardly a sound. There was enough light from the narrow hall to show the four doors leading off a small landing (楼梯平台). She pushed each door open in turn and shone a torch inside, and the light fell upon beds, walls, furniture, a bathroom hand-basin, a mirror which flashed brightness back; but this was not what the woman was looking for. She turned away and went downstairs, and hesitated again at the foot of the stairs, then turned towards the kitchen. Clearly there was nothing there, or in the small washroom that she wanted. Two rooms remained; the front room and a smaller one next to it. She opened the front room door. After a moment, she saw the child’s bed and the child.61. The lights of the car passing the end of the street showed that .A. a woman was driving the carB. someone was standing by a street lampC. a man and a woman were walking up the streetD. a woman was walking by herself up the street62. After the woman closed the front door, she .A. looked round quicklyB. started breathingagainC. rested before movingD. walked straight towards the front door63. Which of the following plans (平面图) is the right position of the child’s room?= door = stairs F = front roomC = child’s room P = passage K = kitchen W= washroom64. When she was upstairs, the woman .A. saw that there was a wash - basin in each roomB. noticed a mirror which she was looking forC. found a torch in one of the roomsD. opened four different doors65. Once she was in the house, the woman behaved as if what she was looking for .A. might be in the kitchenB. was more likely to be upstairsC. would be easily seen by the light from the hallD. would look frightening to a childPassage TwoThe favorite food in the United States is the hamburger (汉堡包). The favorite place to buy a hamburger is a fast food restaurant. At fast foodrestaurants, people order their food, wait a few minutes, and carry it to their tables themselves. People also take their food out of the restaurant and eat it in their cars or in their homes. At some fast food restaurants. people can order their food, pay for it and pick it up without leaving their cars.There are many kinds of fast food restaurants in the United States. The greatest in number sell hamburgers, French fries (油炸马铃薯片) and so on. They are popular food among Americans. Besides, fast food restaurants that serve Chinese food, Mexican food, Italian food, chicken, seafood and ice-cream are very many. The idea of a fast food restaurant is so popular that nearly every kind of food can be found in one.Fast food restaurants are popular because they reflect (反映) American life style. Customers can wear any type of dress when they go to a fast food place. Second, they are fast. People who are busy do not want to spend time preparing their own food or waiting while someone prepares it. In fast food restaurants the food is usually ready before the customer even orders it. Finally most food in a fast food restaurant is notexpensive. Therefore, people are able to buy and eat at a fast food restaurant often, while they may not be able to go to a more expensive restaurant very often.66. Hamburgers and French fries can be got at the fast food restaurants.A. some ofB. most ofC. a part ofD. all of67. What do people do when they come to a fast food restaurant?A. They order and eat their food at the restaurant.B. They buy and take their food out and eat it in their cars or in their homes.C. They order, pay for and get their food in their cars.D. They do one of the three above-mentioned things.68. Why do Americans like to go to fast food restaurants?It is because fast food restaurants are fast, informal (不拘礼节的), andinexpensive.B. It is because people can easily find fast foodrestaurants.C. It is because people like to eat hamburgers.D. It is because fast food restaurants sell nearly every kind of food.69. Is the food in fast food restaurants always ready before the customers order it?A. Yes, it isB. No, it is seldom readyC. Yes. It is cooked to orderD. No. Not always, but usually70. Seafood and ice-cream are served at all fast food restaurants, aren’t they?A. CertainlyB. Yes, they areC. No, I’m afraid notD. No. Only at a few of themPassage ThreeIt is understood that a ballad is a song that tells a story, but a folk song is not so easily defined.A balled is a folk song, but a folk song is not a ballad until it tells a story. Folk song, then has included many kinds of music. For example, a sailor’s song of the sea is a folk song. The blues, a type of jazz popular in New Orleans, may be a folk song. In fact, there are folk songs for every job.“Home on the Range” shows how a popular song may become a folk song. It was first picked up as a folk song in 1910 by John Lomax in San Antonio, Texas. Lomax heard the song from an old man who had been a cook many years before. The song was known all over the Midwest; thought it did not come to national attention until the early 1930s. By 1947 “Home on the Range” was so popular that it became the official state song of Kansas.71. A folk song is also a ballad when it .A. tells a storyB. is sung by workersC. makes the listeners feel sadD. covers many kinds of music72. According to the author, which of the following is not always a folk song?A. A balladB. A sailor’s songC. A state songD. A goatherd’s song.73. According to the passage, which of the following is not true of a folk song?A. It is passed on orallyB. It has different formsC. It may talk about workD. It is found only inthe western states74. The author uses the example of “Home on the Range” to show t hat folk songs .A. always tells a storyB. are based on written formsC. may come from popular songsD. have become state songs75. The main topic of the passage is the .A. different kinds of folk songsB. development of popular musicC. definition of a balladD. importance of folk songs in American life Passage FourWe find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把……按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people justaccording to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find thatmixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyse and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work:it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.76. In the passage the author’s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is .A. criticalB. questioningC. approvingD. objective77. By “held back” (Line 1) the author means “ ”.A. made to remain in the same classesB. forced to study in the lower classesC. drawn to their studiesD. prevented from advancing78. The author argues that a teacher’s chief concern should be the development of the student’s .A. personal qualities and social skillsB. total personalityC. learning ability and communicative skillsD. intellectual ability79. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?A. Group work gives pupils the opportunity tolearn to work together with othersB. Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilitiesC. Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capableorganizersD. Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities80. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to .A. argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same classB. recommend pair work and group work for classroom activitiesC. offer advice on the proper use of the libraryD. emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teachingV. Writing (20 points)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 20 minutes to write a letter of about 80 words according to the following situation.你是Alice。
2012成人高测试题和答案四：英语
2012成人高测试题和答案四：英语Ⅰ. Phonetics (10 points)Directions:In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letter combinations marked A, B, C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.A. club B. tomb C. comb D. climb2.A. food B. cool C. school D. flood3.A. town B. how C. down D. snow4.A. each B. peach C. break D. deal5.A. hear B. fear C. dear D. wear6.A. receive B. friend C. field D. piece7.A. question B. notion C. exception D. vocation8.A. exhaust B. exercise C. exam D. exact9.A. where B. what C. whose D. white10.A. switch B. hatch C. character D. matchⅡ. Vocabulary and Structure (40 points) Directions:There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11. Today is Jenny’s wedding day. She _______ to Thomas.A. just has got marriedB. has just marriedC. was just marriedD. has just got married12. Every officer and every soldier _______ obey the rules.A. had toB. have toC. has toD. must have to13. Rarely _______ so difficult a problem.A. she could have faced withB. could have she faced withC. she could have been faced withD. could she have been faced with14. ______ a dog on the road, the car stopped.A. Having seenB. On seeingC. The driver seeingD. Seeing15. I asked my teacher _______.A. what courses should I takeB. should I take what coursesC. I should take what coursesD. what courses I should take16. Comrade Li promised to help us and he said he would come ______.A. right awayB. all at onceC. all of a suddenD. all right17. There aren’t many pandas ________ in the world today.A. aliveB. livingC. livelyD. lived18. Such electron tubes ________ in a radio set are also found in a TV set.A. that we useB. as we useC. as we use themD. that we use them19. It _______ to me that he was jealous.A. happenedB. tookC. occurredD. felt20. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ______ to its burning temperature.A. were heatedB. must be heatedC. is heatedD. be heated21. Please ______ me at the station on time.A. meetingB. to meetC. meetD. met22. _______ “hello”, he reached out his hand.A. SaidB. SayingC. To sayD. Say23. People are more _______ to spend money on goods with an attractive look than those without.A. attractedB. temptedC. persuadedD. tended24. It was ______ he saw the doctor coming out of the emergeney room with an expression as grave as a judge _______ he realized the seriousness of his wife’s illness.A. not until…thatB. after…whenC. until…thenD. before…that25. Please telephone me half an hour _______.A. in chargeB. in advanceC. in timeD. in front26. Both Mary and Ellen, as well as Jan, _______ studying Chinese History.A. areB. isC. are beingD. is being27. I’d like to _______ him to you for the job. He is a very clever and industrious boy.A. referB. suggestC. recommendD. propose28. It ______ that 200 people died and over 5,000lost their shelters after the flood.A. reportedB. reportsC. has been reportedD. has reported29. He was asked to speak louder ______ all the other students in the classroom could hear him.A. asB. so as toC. so thatD. so as30. His report on the space exploration was really ________.A. excitingB. excitedC. excitementD. excitedly31. Your chair needs _______.A. to repairB. repairingC. to repairingD. being repair32. I hate to see papers _______ in pencil.A. writingB. to writeC. writtenD. write33. The job made her dependent _______ her husband.A. onB. fromC. ofD. to34. This is the second time she ______ improvement on that equipment.A. had madeB. madeC. is makingD. has made35. He spoke so quickly that I did not ______ what he said.A. catchB. acceptC. takeD. listen36. _______determines a good meal varies from country to country.A. WhatB. ThatC. ItD. Which37. As the journey was a long one, he took a friend with him for ________.A. pleasureB. entertainmentC. companyD. defence38. I suggest _______ for an outgoing this Sunday.A. us goingB. we are goingC. to goD. our going39. We’ve ______ sugar. Ask him to lend us some.A. run away withB. run downC. run offD. run out of40. It was in 1930 _______ he became a university student.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. and41. I am very _______ to you for your help.A. gratefulB. agreeableC. pleasedD. thanks42. You _______ go now. It’s very late.A. had ratherB. prefer toC. had betterD. would rather43. If I were you, I would take it easy, _______ is no need to be nervous.A. itB. thisC. thereD. which44. Why not _______ me earlier?A. to tellB. tellC. tellingD. told45. Joe’s handwriting is ________ Mary’s.A. more betterB. as well asC. much better thanD. more better than46. The experiment _______ the discovery of a cure for cancer.A. happened toB. led upC. resulted inD. set up47. To produce one pound of honey, a colony of bees must fly a distance _______ to twice around the world.A. similarB. equalC. comparedD. corresponding48. I did not mean ____ anything, but those apples looked so good I couldn’t resist ___one.A. to eat…tryingB. to eat…to tryingC. eating…to tryD. eating…to trying49. I had hardly sat down _______ he stepped in.A. whenB. thatC. untilD. after50. In his time he enjoyed a reputation _______.A. as great as Mozart, if not greater thanB. as great as, if not greater than, MozartC. as great, if not greater, as MozartD. greater, if not as great as MozartⅢ. Cloze (20 points) Directions:For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices given below and marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blankening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Robert Edwards was blinded in a traffic accident. He was also a little deaf _51_ old age. Last week, he was taking a walk near his home when a thunderstorm came. He hid _52_ the storm under a big tree and was struck by lightning. He was knocked _53_ the ground and woke up some 20 minutes _54_, lying face down in water in water below a tree. He went into the house and lay down in bed. A short time later, he awoke; his legs felt _55_ and he was trembling, but, when he opened his eyes, he could see the clock across the room fading in and out in front of him. When his wife entered, he _56_ her forthe first time in nine years. Doctors _57_ that he had regained his sight and hearing obviously from the flash of lightning, but they were unable to explain that. The only _58_ explanation offered by one doctor was that, _59_ Edwards lost his sight as a result of trauma in a terrible accident, perhaps the only way it could be restored was by _60_ trauma.51.A. because B. because of C. as D. since52.A. from B. away C. against D. contrary53.A. at B. in C. to D. on54.A. late B. soon C. later D. after55.A. dying B. dead C. die D. being died56.A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. examined57.A. say B. thought over C. made sure D. agreed to58.A. possibly B. possible C. probably D. mainly59.A. although B. because of C. even though D. since60.A. others B. other C. another D. one otherⅣ. Reading Comprehension (60 points)Directions:There are four reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage One In ancient times wealth was measured and exchanged in things that could be touched: food, tools, and precious metals and stones. Then the barter system was replaced by coins, which still had real value since they were pieces of rare metal. Coins were followed by fiat money, paper notes that have value only because everyone agrees to accept them.Today electronic monetary systems are gradually being introduced that will transform money into even less tangible forms, reducing it to a series of “bits and bytes”, or units of computerized information, going between machines at the speed of light. Already, electronic fund transfer allows money to be instantly sent and received by different banks, companies, and countries through computers and telecommunications devices.61. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?A. International Banking PoliciesB. The History of Monetary ExchangeC. The Development of Paper CurrenciesD. Current Problems in the Economy62. According to the passage, which of the following was the earliest kind of exchange of wealth?A. Bartered foodsB. Fiat moneyC. Coin currencyD. Intangible forms63. The author mentions food, tools and precious metals and stones together because they are all________.A. useful itemsB. articles of valueC. difficult things to obtainD. material objects64. According to the passage, coins once had real value as currency because they ______.represented a great improvement over barterpermitted easy transportation of wealthwere made of precious metalscould become collector’s items65. Which of the following statements about computerized monetary systems is NOT supported by the passage?They promote international trade.They allow very rapid money transfers.They are still limited to small transactions (交易).They are dependent on good telecommunications systems.Passage TwoAt the University of Kansas art museum, scientists tested the effect of different colored walls on two groups of visitors to an exhibit of paintings. For the first group the room was painted white; for the second, dark brown. Movement of each group was followed by an electrical equipment under the carpet. The experiment showed that those who entered the dark brown walked more quickly, covered more area, and spent less time in the room than people in the white one. Dark brown made people more active, but the activity ended sooner. Not only the choice of colors but also the general appearance of a room affects those inside. Another experiment presented people with photographs of faces whose energy was to be commented. Three groups of people were used; each was shown the same photos, but eachgroup was in an ordinary room—a nice office. The third was in a tastefully designed living room with carpeting. Results showed that the people in the beautiful room tend to give higher marks to the faces than those in the ugly room did. Other studies that students do better on tests taken in comfortable room than inordinary-looking or ugly rooms.66. Which of the following is the best expression of the main idea of this passage?People in beautiful rooms tend to give higher marks to photos of faces than people in ugly rooms The color and general appearance of a room have a deeper effect on the behavior of the people in itThe University of Kansas has studied the effects of the color of room on people’s behaviorBeautifully furnished, light-coloured rooms make people more comfortable than ugly, dark rooms67. According to the passage, we may conclude that the whiter a room is ________.A. the longer people like to stay in itB. the sooner people in it will leaveC. the more active people in it will becomeD.the more excited people68. What is referred to as the “general appearance” in this passage is ________.how many broad windows a room has, through which sunlight might come inthe size of a roomwhether there are beautiful walls in a roomwhat the room looks like69. This passage provides us with _______.A. a piece of scientific informationB. a normal lessonC. an interesting testD. a piece of news70. At least how many tests were carried out by the scientists referred to in this passage?A. ThreeB. TwoC. Only oneD. No one knowsPassage ThreeThe water we drink and use is running short in the world. We all have to learn how to stop wasting our limited water. One of the steps we should take is to find ways of reusing it. Experiments have already been done in this field.Today in most large cities, fresh water is usedonly once, then it runs into waste system. But it is possible to pipe the used water to a purifying factory. There it can be filtered and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again, just as it were fresh from a spring.But even if every large city purified and reused its water, we still would not have enough. Then we could turn to the oceans. All we’d have to do to make use of the seawater on earth is to get rid of the salt. This process is called desalinization, and it is already in use in many parts of the world.71. The way to stop wasting our limited water is to ________.A. do experiments with waterB. purify the used water and reuse itC. use fresh water once againD. make use of seawater72. The following tells us how to reuse the used water. Which is the right order of the passage?A. to have the used water filteredB. to put chemicals in itC. to pipe it to the usersD. to pipe the usedwater to be purified to a factory73. There wouldn’t be enough water for us if we didn’t _________.A. turn to the oceans for more waterB. reuse used water and make use of seawaterC. desalt seawaterD. take steps to reuse all water on earth74. The would “it” in the last sentence refers to _______.A. seawaterB. purified waterC. the process of getting rid of the salt in seawaterD. the process of collecting salt from the sea oceans75. The best title for the passage is“_______”.A. How to Reuse WaterB. Two Solutions to the Problem of Water ShortageC. Stop Wasting Our Limited WaterD. How to Make Use of SeawaterPassage FourSome people hate everything that is modern. Theycannot imagine how anyone can really like modern music; they find it hard to accept the new fashions in clothing; they think that all modern painting is ugly; and they seldom have a good word for the new buildings that are being built everywhere in the world. Such people look for perfection in everything, and they take their standards of perfection from the past. They are usually impatient with anyone who is brave enough to experiment with new or to express himself or the age in materials original ways. It is, of course, true that many artists do not succeed in their work and instead produce works that can only be considered as failures. If the work of art is a painting, the artist’s failure concerns himself alone, but if it is a building, his failure concerns others too, because it may damage the beauty of the whole place. This does sometimes happen, but it is completely untrue to say, as some people do, that modern architecture is nothing.We can’t judge every modern building by the standards of the ancient time, even though we admire the ancient buildings. Technologically, the modern buildings are more advanced. The modern architect knowshe should learn from the ancient works, but with his greater resources of knowledge and materials, he will never be content to imitate the past. He is too proud to do that.76. Some people hate everything that is modern because _______.A. they are agedB. they find it hard to accept modern thingsC. they take their standards of perfection from the GreekD. they look at things by the standards of the past77. The writer of the passage thinks that________.it is true to say artists fail in their workit is untrue to say artists fail in their work it is true to say some artists fail in their work it is true to say only painters fail in their work78. The writer thinks the failure of a building _______.A. means nothingB. concerns othersC. concerns only the artistD. concerns all thepeople in the world79. The writer thinks that _________.we can’t judge buildings by the ancient standards we can’t judge all the buildings by the ancient standardswe can’t judge all the modern buildings by the ancient standardswe can’t judge modern buildings80. Technologically, the modern buildings are more advanced. The sentence means _____.the ancient architects had no technologythe modern architects use more advanced technologythe modern buildings are advanced because they are completely different from the ancient buildings the modern buildings are more beautiful Ⅴ. Writing (20 points)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 20 minutes to write a short composition of about 80 words on the title: Where to Live-in the City or in the Country? Base your composition on the outline given below.1.一些人喜欢住在城市，因为城市生活有许多便利。
电大英语Ⅱ2012年试题
试卷代号：1161第一部分交际用语（共计10分，每小题2分）1-5小题：阅读下面的小对话，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
1. - Excuse me, would you lend me your calculator?---------A. Certainly. Here you areB. Yes, I have a handC. It ~ s nothing2. -Would you mind if I open the window for a better view?---------A. That's fine, thank youB. Yes, pleaseC. Of course not3. - Must we hand in our homework now?--------A. Yes, you mustn'tB. Yes, you mustn'tC. No, you needn't4. - What's the problem, Harry?---------A. No problemB. I can't remember where I left my glassesC. No trouble at all5. - Oh, sorry to bother you.---------A. That's okayB. No, you can'tC. That's good第二部分词汇与结构（20分，每小题2分）6-15小题：阅读下面的句子，从A.B\C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
6. He asked me where____ from.A. did I came B．I came C．I come7. He is the man____dog bit me.A. that B．which C．whose8.-Which do you like better, real movies____cartoons?-I prefer cartoons____real movies.A. and, than B．or, than C．or, to9. Are you still here? You were here half an hour ago. Who— for?A. were you waiting B．are you waiting C．do you wait10. -What's happened to Tom?-____to hospital.A. He's been taken B．He'II be taken C．He'll take11.____majority of people agree with him.A. - B．A C. The12. When l was a child, we____wear a uniform for school.A. have to B．must C．had to13. Those cakes look nice. Can I have一？A．one B．it C．one cake14. When was the building____?A. complete B．completing C．completed15. Before I got to the cinema, the filmA．had begun B．has begun C．was beginning第三部分完形填空（共计20分，每题2分）16-25小题：阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
中央电大2012年7月高级职业英语试题
I Instructions:
• There are three parts to the test , each including one reading pa臼age. • The test will take approximately 40 minutes. There will be NO extra time to transfer answers to the Answer Sheet; therefore , you should write ALL your answers on the Answer Sheet as you do each task. Part 1: Questions 21-30 are based on the following passage. Passage 1 New forms of imprisonment for criminals Over the past twenty years some people who have been found guilty of committing a crime in the US , in England and in some states in Australia have been sentenced to a new form of imprisonment. They have been committed to Home Detention. Sometimes this is also called Home Imprisonment. This means that instead of going to gaol , which is an institutional prison , they have to spend their period of detention at home. Their home becomes their prison. The form of home imprisonment varies in each country or state. Sometimes the prisoner goes straight to home detention after leaving the court. This is called front end detention.
中央广播电视大学2012年1月《英语写作基础》试题-试卷代号：2152
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7月 20日 周六上午 9点 ,对 外经济贸易大学英语学 院的徐教授在 阶梯 教室将 有一场题 为 “如何准备应聘面试”的演讲 ,欢 迎参加 !
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全国2012年7月高等教育自学考试英语阅读
全国2012年7月高等教育自学考试英语阅读（一）试题课程代码：00595全部题目用英文作答(翻译题除外)，请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. Careful Reading. (40 points, 2 points for each)Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answers and thenwrite the corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The Nile made Egypt’s civilization possible. The river is more than 400 miles long. In its fertile valley crops are grown for food and cotton for clothing. Mud from the river bottom makes good bricks for houses. Thus ways of getting food, clothing and shelter were close for the Egyptians.The Nile is a highway for the people of Egypt. Flat bottomed boats and large narrow barges carry products from one city to another. There are also passenger boats on the Nile, carrying people up and down the river. In ancient times huge blocks of stones were floated down the river on barges. These stones are used in making buildings and monuments.For thousands of years the Egyptians have depended on the Nile for their crops. The land on both sides of the Nile is desert, where crops cannot be raised. But crops grow well in the Nile Valley. In fact, several different crops are often grown on the same land during the same year.Once the Nile flooded each year, overflowed its banks, and carried rich soil in land every summer. These floods were caused by early summer rains.At present there is a series of dams in the Nile. Water raises high in the river each summer as usual. The people do not let the Nile flood, however. They store the water behind dams. It is now possible to use the water as needed, not just at flood time.1. In the past ______.A. there was rain all the year longB. the Nile flooded every yearC. the Nile became deeper and deeper after each rainfallD. the Nile was not a long river2. Egyptians have grown crops well ______.A. on both sides of the NileB. on the land near the desert areaC. in the Nile valleyD. far away from the desert area3. In the valley of the Nile ______.A. bricks for houses are madeB. different crops are raised on the same landC. only cotton can grow wellD. people grow all crops except cotton4. “The Nile is a highway for the people of Egypt” means ______.A. cars and trucks can move as fast as possible along itB. the river bottom can serve as a road in dry seasonC. the river is an important water transportation line in EgyptD. on the river there are a lot of boats and people5. Which of the following can best summarize the passage?A. The Nile is the source of flood.B. The Nile is a highway for the people in Egypt.C. The flat bottomed boats have been used.D. The Nile made Egypt’s civilization possible.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Sleep plays a major role in preparing the body for an alert and productive tomorrow. But sleep is not a period of inactivity. The sleeping brain is highly active at various times during the night, performing numerous “house keeping tasks”. These keep us alive and aid our ability to think and remember. Sleep also energizes the body and brain. Most people spend one-third of their lives sleeping and this will affect the other two-thirds in terms of alertness, energy, moods, body weight, perception, memory, thinking, reaction time, productivity and performance.To limit sleep means our health and daytime potential are significantly reduced. So, good sleep strategies are essential in order to feel energized day after day. There is no strategy which works for everyone, so each person needs to experiment. On e important thing is that you shouldn’t worry too much if you go a few nights without a lot of sleep. It won’t ruin your life. On any given night, one in four people can’t sleep properly and everyone suffers from a lack of sleep at some time.How does one minimize this problem? It is really quite simple. The first thing you must do is to reduce stress as much as possible. Stress is part of everyday life and, while we can never be entirely without stress, it can be managed. This means taking control of your life and focusing on what is important. One sleeping strategy is to sit in a comfortable position, close your eyes and relax all your muscles, breathing easily through your nose. Continue this for ten to twenty minutes. This should help you reduce stress and sleep better. Or, you can try getting plenty of exercise, because a tired body is likely to sleep better.6. According to the passage, sleep is important because ______.A. it is a period of complete inactivity for the brainB. it helps us understand what we have already achievedC. it makes us more effective when we are awakeD. it helps us to lose weight7. Methods of getting enough sleep ______.A. vary between men and womenB. are the same for everybodyC. vary from person to personD. are based on your job8. According to the passage, being unable to sleep ______.A. affects young children the mostB. affects everybody at some timeC. is worse for those who have relaxing livesD. is likely to ruin people’s life9. A simple strategy to sleep better is to ______.A. work harder than you couldB. put your stress under controlC. breathe through your noseD. sleep on a chair instead of bed10. After a lot of physical exercise, ______.A. you should find stress increases dramaticallyB. you will become out of breathC. you should be able to enjoy better sleepD. you will not need to sleep for some timePassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Every body gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives, until finally some attack on the body brings our existence to an end. Fortunately, most of us in modern industrialized societies can take relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact, we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciate the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset, one for which we might readily give up such rewards as power, wealth, or fame.Because ill health is a universal problem, affecting the individual and society, the human response to sickness is always socially organized. No society leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating ill health entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated. Around this focus there arises, over time, a number of standards, values,groups, statuses, and roles: in other words, an institution. To the sociologist, then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease.In the simplest pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness are very elementary, often involving only two roles: the sick and the healer (治疗者). The latter is typically also the priest, who relies primarily on religious ceremonies, both to identify and to treat disease: for example, bones may be thrown to establish a cause; songs may be used to bring about a cure. In modern industrialized societies, on the other hand, the institution has become highly complicated and specialized, including dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon, druggist, hospital administrator, linked with various organizations such as nursing homes, insurance companies, and medical schools. Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society.11. Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 1 ?A. Nowadays most people believe they can have fairly good health.B. Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering.C. Most of us are aware of the full value of health.D. Ancient people believed that health was more expensive than anything else.12. The word “authorize” in Paragraph 2 means“______”.A. make way forB. give power toC. write an order forD. make it possible for13. In Paragraph 2, we learn that the sociologist regards medicine as ______.A. a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep people healthyB. a universal problem that affects every societyC. a social responsibility to treat ill healthD. a science that focuses on the treatment of disease14. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true?A. In the past, bones might be used to decide why people fell ill.B. In pre-industrial societies priests sometimes treated patients by singing.C. Modern medicine is so complicated that sociology no longer has a place in it.D. There were only two roles in an elementary medical system, the patient and the one who triedto cure him.15. The author of this passage is mainly concerned with ______.A. sociological aspects in medicineB. medical treatment of diseasesC. the development of medical scienceD. the role of religion in medicinePassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.English people are less genetically diverse today than they were in the days of the Vikings, possibly due to two deadly diseases that swept their country centuries ago, a new study says.The study compared DNA from ancient and modem Englanders and found that the country has a smaller gene pool than it did a thousand years ago.The finding s come in contrast to modem England’s reputation as a cultural melting pot, where in many major cities you are as likely to hear Urdu from India or Yoruba from Nigeria being spoken on the streets as English.Rus Hoelzel, a geneticist from the Britain’s University of Durham, and his colleagues obtained DNA samples from the skeletal remains of 48 ancient Britons who lived between A. D. 300 and 1000. The researchers studied the DNA, which was passed down from mothers to their children. By comparing the DNA with that of thousands of people from various ethnic backgrounds living in England today, they found that genetic diversity was greater in the ancient population. The team also compared the ancient DNA with samples from people living in continental Europe and the Middle East, and found a similar lack of genetic variety.One possible explanation for this narrowing of diversity might be two major outbreaks of plague that swept England and much of Europe — the Black Death (1347 — 1351) and the Great Plague (1665 — 1666).The Black Death epidemic is estimated to have killed as much as 50 percent of the population of Europe. Three centuries later, a fifth of the population of London died in the Great Plague. However, these diseases didn’t kill randomly, Hoelzel explained. “The plague killed some people while others remained resistant,” he said.Eske Willerslev, a specialist in ancient DNA from the University of Copenhagen, said he is surprised by the findings but agrees that the historic epidemics may explain the loss in diversity.Since the diseases, it appears that England hasn’t been able to make up the loss to the gene pool, despite the high rate of immigration into the country over the past 200 years.16. The mode m England’s reputation as “a cultural melting pot” (Para. 3) most probably means______.A. English people speak many different languagesB. England has a population of many different cultural originsC. England is famous for exporting melting potD. England has a close diplomatic relationship with India and Nigeria17. The DNA comparison between modern and ancient English people reveals ______.A. great changes have taken place in the genetic contents in the DNAB. DNA differs among different people from different ethnic backgroundsC. there is less DNA diversity in modern Englishmen than in their ancestorsD. modern Englishmen has the same DNA diversity as their ancestors18. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The ancient DNA used in this study was gathered from the bones of the ancient British people.B. The genetic information carried by DNA is passed to children from fathers.C. Although modern England has high immigration rate, it still suffers from poor genetic variety.D. England, European continent and Middle East all suffer from lack of genetic variety.19. The two deadly diseases, namely the Black Death and the Great Plague ______.A. affected England more than any other countries in EuropeB. broke out between the thirteenth century and the sixteenth centuryC. took less than half of the population away in EnglandD. left some people alive with resistance for the diseases20. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Willerslev was not prepared to see the lack of genetic variety in modern EnglandB. many immigrants moved to England to seek a new life after the two diseasesC. the gene bank will need to introduce more new genes to make up for its lossesD. England will need to immigrate more people to make up its gene lossII. Speed Reading. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: Skim or scan the following passages. Decide on the best answers and then writethe corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.Passage FiveQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage.Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the established system of education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the progress of black Americans. He challenged what is called the “Tuskegee machine” o f Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the US. A sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided.Unlike Washington, whose roots were in southern black agriculture, Du Bois’s career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at HarvardUniversity, and directed the Atlanta University Studies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bois approached the problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the famous empirical (经验主义的) sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study, in which he examined that city’s black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Bois’s Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on urban blacks in America.Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 1905, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the NAACP In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children and youth should have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the following themes: (1) public schooling should be free and compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopolized by any special class or race.As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of racial segregation in the schools but also the accommodationist (妥协的;迁就的) ideology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referred to as the “talented tenth”, according to which 10 percent of the black population wou ld receive a traditional college education in preparation for leadership.21. Compared with Booker T. Washington, Du Bois’s political stand was ______.A. less popularB. more radicalC. less aggressiveD. more conservative22. According to the text, Du Bois worked as all of the following EXCEPT ______.A. an editorB. an educatorC. a scholarD. an official23. It is Du Bois’s belief that ______.A. the blacks have a priority in terms of educationB. higher education should be free for all racesC. everyone has an equal right to educationD. development in education should be gradual24. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Washington would not appreciate the idea of overthrowing social order.B. Racial separation is an outcome of accommodationist ideology.C. Washington would not support a determined and activist leadership.D. The Philadelphia Negro is a book on blacks in American South.25. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.A. many blacks are prepared for leadershipB. Du Bois was in favor of “elite education” for blacksC. Washington and Du Bois had never been friendsD. only the top 10 percent are worth educatingPassage SixQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passage.In Jane Collard’s o pinion, stress is becoming an increasingly common feature of the workplace. Stress is a highly individual reaction, which varies considerably from person to person, and it is difficult for some employees to avoid it. Indeed, stress is regarded by many as part of the organizational culture of our institutions: it comes with the job. Recent figures indicate that time taken off work because of stress has increased by 50 percent since the 1950s. Undoubtedly, changes in working conditions have led to greater pressure at work at all levels. With reductions in staffing, workloads for individual employees have increased. In addition, many employees are left worrying about the security of their jobs.On the stress management courses that she runs, Jane Collard tries to make the trainees realize that stress in itself is not harmful. Everyone needs a certain level of stress to enable them to feel motivated and to perform effectively. A complete absence of stress can be as damaging as overstress, since it can make people lose interest in their work, and even lead to depression. The difficulties occur when the amount of stress rises above a level which is healthy for a particular individual. If this happens, the effects are very obvious and the trainees are taught to recognize the signs. Stress may be expressed physically, for example through headaches and tiredness, or through emotional problems such as depression. A person suffering from stress may also start to behave differently, and can be difficult to deal with.While it may not always be possible to prevent stress, there are a number of ways in which it can be controlled. The first thing that the trainees learn is how to manage their time effectively. This involves, first of all, setting realistic goals for both the short and long terms. Once this framework has been established, tasks are then prioritized on a daily basis. The trainees are also reminded that when they are under pressure the less important items should be left, and they should never hesitate to delegate. Everyone is encouraged to look at ways of reducing “wastedtime”, for example by grouping similar tasks together or dealing with items immediately.Jane feels that one of the most useful features of the course is that it enables trainees to deal with those demands or deadlines that they regard as unreasonable. They are encouraged to avoid being defensive, but at the same time they are advised not to be afraid of saying “no”. They are asked to give reasons only if necessary. The training helps them to foresee difficult situations or unwanted demands, and they learn how to prepare themselves mentally. Everyone is encouraged not to get stuck in negative thought patterns, where stress can feed a circular sense of helplessness. One solution they discuss is to think of a more encouraging alternative for each negative message. They learn, for example, to remind themselves that nothing terrible happens when a demand is refused or a deadline missed. Life goes on.26. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT the cause of stress atwork?A. Working conditions change.B. With reductions in staffing, workloads for individual employees have increased.C. Many employees are afraid of losing their jobs.D. The pay is lower than before.27. The purpose of the stress management courses run by Jane Collard is ______.A. to help people reduce their stressB. to make the trainees realize stress in itself is not harmfulC. to make the trainees realize stress enables people to feel motivated and to perform effectivelyD. to make the trainees realize a complete absence of stress can lead to depression28. “Prioritize” in the third paragraph means “______”.A. arrange in orderB. give attention toC. concentrate onD. regard as29. The most useful feature of the course is that ______.A. it enables trainees to deal with those demands or deadlines that they regard as unreasonableB. it helps people realize stress is not always harmfulC. it helps people work more efficientlyD. it lets people know the relationship between work and stress30. Which of the following can best summarize the passage?A. Stress is not always harmful.B. Stress is becoming an increasingly common feature of the workplace.C. Jane Collard’s research on stress.D. How to prevent stress?III. Discourse Cloze. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than necessary). Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.It is difficult to live without a car in modern America. Cities and towns are built around the automobile. 31. ______. Future communities, while still allowing residents to own and operate cars if they so choose, must be centered not around vehicle traffic, but around foot traffic.A common argument against cars is 32. ______, are undesirable. While this is true, the automobile must be removed from urban planning not only due to pollution but also because of its unsustainable nature. Cars—and the type of city that is planned around them — use considerable resources and space that will not be available in the future. 33. ______. Although it is possible for alternative fuel sources to be developed, these will nonetheless require considerable energy use. Furthermore, many resources are consumed in the production of cars. In a world with a constantly increasing population, the manufacture of new cars is not something that can be sustained and provided to all the people of the world. Not only does the production and operation of cars drain society, but the attitude associated with the automobile endangers the future. It is not advantageous for individuals to drive everywhere because, as the population increases, 34. ______ —a drain on both time and resources that can be avoided with proper planning for the future.Unfortunately, current urban plans require 35. ______. Mass transit, for the most part, is hardly available to those outside of downtown areas. Even where it is available, mass transit is often limited in scope and does not provide a preferable alternative to automobiles. The desire to own cars and land accompanies this idea. This property craving is currently satiated via suburban sprawl and large houses. With burgeoning population, the inefficient land use based on the notion of property wealth needs to be discarded. 36. ______. Communities of the future must be designed so that businesses and homes are built next to one another.Of course, this is not possible with current cities. Most businesses are located in undesirable areas of cities. Moreover, suburban sprawl further demands that one uses a car. Suburban areas are spread out over large tracts of land; not only does this use up valuable farmland and natural areas, 37. ______. For the most part, suburban communities function as places to sleep; residents work and play outside of where they live. In order to create sustainable communities for future generations, it is not enough to simply pursue ideas such as mass transit. Although mass transit is an important part of any city plan, it is an alternative that distracts from the immediate problem at hand: 38. ______.Americans have a notion 39. ______. Downtown areas can be modified to lower crime andcreate a more attractive facade. In addition, new communities can be designed so that residential and commercial areas are zoned and built next to each other. With proper attention to building codes and planning, attractive houses and businesses can coexist. 40. ______. In return, this will eliminate the need for automobile transportation. It is not enough, however, that people merely be able to work near where they live. Shopping areas — from grocery to clothing stores — should be located near homes so that citizens do not have to travel long distances to run errands. Concurrent with this, entertainment facilities should be near homes and businesses so that an entire functioning and viable community can be within easy walking distance.(From Communities for Future Generations in the US)A. it will lead to incredible congestion within urban areasB. but people who live in suburbs are far removed from entertainment and shopping centers andmust travel by car to these placesC. but it is a necessary one that must be made if the nation wishes to maintain its high standards oflivingD. This is a design focus that must be avoided in the futureE. the fundamental need is to rethink how people live and what type of communities they live inF. It will be difficult for urban planners to take these stepsG. Communities must be redesigned so that people can live and work in both close quarters and comfortH. that they pollute the environment and thusI. If this is done properly, people will in fact prefer to live in these communities for convenience and ease of commuteJ. that they need to accumulate property wealth and this must be changedK. that anyone who wishes to lead an active life must drive a carL. Oil reserves are dwindling and will disappear within the next centuryIV. Word Formations. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word inthe brackets. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.41. (robber) Acting on inside information, the police were able to arrest the gang before the______ occurred.42. (attention) He was talkative, but since he seemed inclined to talk about me I was preparedto be an ______ listener.43. (vary) I was impressed by the actors’ ______ ways of dealing with death: sadness,humors, silence, etc.44. (suggest) They will need specific ______ for problems such as speech defects orbackwardness in learning to walk or control of bodily functions.45. (similar) The only ______ is that we are all certificated when we are born and when wedie, and we are recognized by a certification of birth and death.46. (efficient) Although examinations do the job quite ______, their side effects are alsoenormous.47. (anxiety) The whole country was now so ______ to return to normal conditions that ittook little notice of events in Europe.48. (norm) Upbringing is ______ used to refer to the treatment and training of the childwithin the home.49. (break) Hitler’s ______ promises included an attack on Poland, which Britain andFrance were bound by treaty to defend.50. (intense) After many hours of surgery and weeks of ______ care, Jerry was releasedfrom the hospital with fragments of the bullets still in his body.V. Gap Filling. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary). WriteOn the north side of Trafalgar, famous for its Admiral Nelson (“Nelson’s Column”), its fountains and its hordes of pigeons, there stands a long, low building in classic style. This is the National Gallery, which contains Britain’s best-known 51. ______ of pictures. The collection was begun in 1824, with the purchase of thirty-eight pictures that included Horgarth’s satirical “Marriage à la Mode” series, and Titian’s “Venus and Adonis”.The National Gallery is rich in paintings by Italian masters such as Raphael, Correggio, and Veronese, and it contains pictures 52. ______ of all European schools of art such as works by Rembrandt, Rubens, Van Dyck, Murillo, E1 Greco, and nineteenth century French masters. Many 53. ______. are especially attracted to V elasquez’s “Rokeby Venus” and Leonardo da Vinci’s “Virgin of the Rocks”.On 54. ______ days, students and other young people are often to be seen having a sandwich lunch on the portico of the Gallery overlooking Trafalgar Square. Admission to the Gallery is free, as is the 55. ______ with other British national galleries and museums, which are maintained by。
00087英语翻译2012年7 月历年真题试卷试题及答案
2012年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语翻译试题课程代码：00087本试卷满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
考生答题注意事项：1.本卷所有试卷必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。
2.第一部分为选择题。
必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
3.第二部分为非选择题。
必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4.合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。
第一部分选择题A．周恩来非常安静，非常体贴，在要求他们坐下，询问有何见教的时候，甚至还有些腼腆。
B．周恩来举止优雅，待人体贴，在欢迎他们坐下，询问有何见教的时候，甚至还有些害羞。
C．周恩来非常安静，非常体贴，甚至还有些腼腆，当招呼他们坐下，询问有何见教时。
D．周恩来举止优雅，待人体贴，在招呼他们坐下，询问有何见教的时候，甚至还有些腼腆。
A．我记得当我第一次看到外祖母坐在长廊里的安乐椅里摇动时，感到非常惊讶。
B．我记得我非常惊讶，当我第一次看到外祖母在长廊里坐在安乐椅里摇动时。
C．我记得当我第一次看到外祖母在长廊里蹒跚而去时，感到非常惊讶。
D．我记得当我第一次看到外祖母在长廊里跳摇摆舞时，感到非常惊讶。
A．工业革命带着这些机械开始了；修造磨坊的匠人就是开创新时代的工程师。
B．工业革命带着这些机械开始了；修造磨坊的匠人就是未来时代的工程师。
C．工业革命就是从这些机械开始的；修造磨坊的匠人就是开创新时代的工程师。
D．工业革命就是从这些机械开始的；修造磨坊的匠人就是以后时代的工程师。
A．从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，我进入了一片还没有受到多少现代影响的景色。
B．我从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，这里的景色还没有受到多少现代的影响。
C．我从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，这里的景色和现代没有多少关系。
D．从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，我进入了一片和现代没有多少关系的景色。
A．蒙大拿、科罗拉多、怀俄明、爱达荷以及加利福尼亚等州的真正财富，是埋在草和土里的。
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8
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Part 3: Writing (40 points) The total marks for this \examination are 100 points. Time allowed for completing this examinationis 90 minutes.
211
Part 1: Reading and Summary (35 points)
C. Similarly. the mobile phone market is dominated by Motorola. Ericsson and Nokia.
D. The best sellers in this category are almost entirely. foreign-made models. and there are about 100 foreign manufacturers in China now selling 95 percent of all beepers. E. There are factories in China that can and do produce cellular phones. but hardly enough to meet current demands or to gain a toehold for Chinese manufacturers. Question Sentence CO.rrect Order
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1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
Questions 6-9 are based on the following task. 00 points) Identifying the topic sentences:
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Read the following description of culture and customs of western countries. The topic sentence for each paragraph is omitted. Choose the correct topic sentence for each paragr_aph from. the list of A-E provided. There is ONE topic sentence that you will NOT need. Put your answer in the proper box and then transfer your answers to the Answer Sheet.
Questions 1-5 are based on the following task. 00 points) Sequencing: The following sentences go together to form a paragraph. but they are in the wrong order. Read the sentenc臼carefully and put them in the right order. Write the correct letter of your choice (A-E) in the proper box and then transfer your answers to the Answer Sheet. A. A high dependence on imported equipment and technology characterizes China' s communications. all the way from the average beeper user to the State Public Communications Network. B. China is also. perhaps. the world' s largest market for personal pagers.
三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。
Information for the Examinees: This examination consists of th'ree parts. These are: Pa'tt 1: Reading and Summary (35 points)
Part飞2: Writing a Letter (25 points)
6
7
2
8 3
9 4
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Question 10: Writing a Summary (15 points) Summarize the above passage 0. e. , the passage in Questions 6-9) in your own words. Your summary should be 70 to 80 words. Write your summary on the Answer Sheet.
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D. There are many wedding traditions in the West. E. "Something old , new , borrowed and blue" is a poptilarbridal attire (服装) rhyme. Question Paragraph Correct Answer
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also thought that the veil was worn to protect the bride from evil spirits that would be floating around on her wedding. This is why the veil covers the bride' s face throughout the ceremony until the minister pronounces the couple man. and wife.
试卷代号 : 1 0 2 7
中央广播电视大学 2 0 11 2012 学 年度第 二学 期 " 开 放 本 科 " 期 末 考 试
高级英语写作试题
2012 年7 月
注意事项
、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏
பைடு நூலகம்
内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带
出考场。 二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答 题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。
1) purpose of job application: money and experiences
2) had some relevant working experience before coming to USA 3) able to type 40 wpm , to take shorthand , to do editing and proofreading
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name of the Father , the Son and the Holy Ghost". 9
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It dates back to the Victorian times. Something old refers to
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wearing something that represents'a link with the bride' s family and her old life. Usually , the bride wears a piece of family jewellery. Wearing something new represents good fortune and success in the bride' s new life. Wearing something borrowed is meant to bring good luck to the marriage. It could be an item of bridal clothing. Wearing something blue dates back to biblical times when the color blue was considered to represent purity and fidelity.
Part 2: Writing a Letter (25 points) Question 11: Writing a Letter of Application You are Mary Lee , a Chinese student presently enrolled in the MA program at the City University of New York. With the end of the semester approaching , you want to find a job during the summer vacation. Write a letter applying for a position as a secretary or an assistant in the coming summer. Base your letter on the following notes: