新核心综合学术英语教程unit答案全

综合学术英语教程3 答案
Unit 1 Definition
Keys to the Exercises
Task 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Definition
Reading1 Great Leaps in Modern Technology
2. Technology, on the other hand, is more of an applied science. It is where tools and knowledge
are used for the study of a particular science. For example, the science of energy can have
technology as its application. In the case of energy as a subject in science, solar panels can be
used for a variety of technologies, an example of which are solar-powered lights.
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Task 2 Understanding Lectures through Definition
Listening 1
1. phobia, hypnophobia, cynophobia, aerophobia
2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) T 7) F 8) F
3.
Task 3 Reading Definition Articles
1. 1) Indigenous knowledge means knowledge belonging to the country, rather than being
brought there from another country.
2) All the list items will probably be included since the title is rather broad and general.
3) For open discussion
2. 1) International knowledge system.
2) Knowledge capital, physical and financial capital.
3) It contains the skills, experiences and insights of people, applied to
maintain or improve their
4) Medicine and veterinary medicine.
5) It is considered the social capital, meaning an essential resource for
survival and means of
sustenance and livelihood.
6) a) It is inappropriate for new challenges or it adapts too slowly; b)
The introduction of
foreign technologies or development concepts that promise short-term gains or solutions to
problems that they cannot sustain.
7) Agriculture, animal husbandry and ethnic veterinary medicine, primary
health care,
preventive medicine and psychosocial care, saving and lending.
8) A higher variance of traits, less susceptible to the frequent droughts, reduce risks.
9) a) Indigenous knowledge is vital for its bearers; b) Become fully aware
of its value and
contributions to the intended objectives; c) It is an integral part of global knowledge in its
own right.
10) An integration or combination of indigenous knowledge and foreign knowledge.
Reading 2 Indigenous Knowledge
3. 1) r. override 2) j. expertise 3) d. intimate 4) a. unanimous 5) g.
intrusion
6) u. dissemination 7) c. insights 8) l. susceptible 9) n. incorporating
10) f. vanish
11) m. interaction 12) s. scenario 13) i. detrimental 14) p. implement
15) k. alleviation
16) b. encompass 17) o. validate 18) h. impending 19) e. interweave 20) t. rational
4. For reference:
The two articles both employ definitions for the introduction of the terms and examples to
validate each facet. Both use classifications, descriptions, comparison and contrast for further
analysis. One big difference lies in the perspective to view the title, with the first a rather
holistic discussion ranging from the status quo to the settlement of the existing problems and
the second a partial focus on chiefly its applications.
Reading 3 Ultrasonics
5. 1) component 2) accumulate 3) spherical 4) navigate 5) fatigue
6) harness 7) version 8) synonymous 9) inhibit 10) integrity
11) uniform 12) detect 13) incidence 14) monitor 15) probe
16) intensity 17) convert 18) proceed 19) visualize 20) inspect
6. Attention: there is a mistake here, the first should be Para. K
Para. K—e Para. B—a Para. C—c Para. D—f Para. E—h
Para. F—d Para. G—j Para. H—i Para. I—b Para. J—g
7. 1) E 2) F 3) Para. E 4) E 5) F 6) Para. H 7) Para. H 8) E
8. For open discussion
Task 4 Writing an Essay of Definition
Reading 4 Disruptive Technologies
1.
5. For reference only
1) Natural breathing will be provided by the robot for the patient during surgery.
2) The pressure will have to be reduced by us.
3) All instruments need to be sterilized.
4) For us, some physical and technical factors may be considered/ taken into consideration.
5) If we make sustained efforts, there is a chance that the environment will be improved.
6) Some specific demands of the scientific establishment have to be made.
7) The presence of the country has been felt more than ever by the whole
world.
8) It seems that other explanations are hard to be found.
9) The interaction between organism and environment is being perceived.
10) The tests work most effectively if what will be measured can be most precisely defined.
Integrated Exercises
2. 1) component 2) integrity 3) mobilize 4) option 5) monitor 6) navigate
7) encompass
8) compromise 9) incorporate 10) implement 11) impending 12) scenario 3. 1) The survey encompasses social, political, and economic aspects of the situation.
2) In some countries power is synonymous with corruption.
3) The strike shut down many airports, but international f lights were unaffected.
4) The scenery is beautiful but inaccessible to most ordinary travelers.
5) The conflict deprived him of the means of livelihood.
6) Such animals can withstand the extremes of weather.
7) The rise in the time spent on the Internet is concomitant with the massive loss of
sociability.
8) Many inventions such as gunpowder and the compass originated in China.
9) The frequency of mining accidents has decreased over the past 10 years.
10) The maximum number of places offered by the medical school for the
applicants is 15.
5. 1) Scientists should warn people about PM 2.5 and the need to restrict their children’s
outdoor activities to avoid even the minimal damage.
2) The local government has implemented a development program for the mountain climbers
to leave the surrounding region unaffected.
3) We can reduce the risks to zero since we are sure of what risks they are running.
4) To combat your anxiety, you should compel yourself to visualize a
promising future in which a problem has already been settled.
5) He holds that developed countries should be held accountable for
economic growth on a global scale.
6) Trash is not yet fully utilized, leading to overlooking the potential in it.
7) A large number of females choose the option of personal finance to
achieve control of their own lives.
8)The university has decided to invest in the project because it has many
technical advantages over other similar ones.
9) Trees can provide shelter for both man and animals, which we tend to overlook.
10) We are trying to achieve a sound understanding of liberal arts courses,
which encompasses a wide range of subjects.
Listening 2
A. (1) F (2) T (3) T (4) F (5) T (6) T (7) T
B. (1) Clouding computing is about the provision of computer resources like
SaaS, PaaS, and infrastructure provision while private computing
isn’t.
(2) 67.
(3) Because the Industrial Revolution is not a thing, and it cannot be
defined by some specific products. It is a transformation or a
transition involving concepts, ideas, ways of production, changing
attitudes, etc.
(4) Because it is more than just technology, as the speaker further
compares it to electricity, which has transformed from an innovation
to much more of a utility service.
(5) Ubiquitous.
Listening 3
A. (1) C (2) B (3) A (4) C (5) D
B. compressed, whisper, external, pockets, panic, assembly, psychological,
reflection, simultaneous, architecture, figure out, legitimate, instantaneous, clicking, addicted
C. (1) B, C (2) C
Unit 2 Classification
Keys to the Exercises
Task 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Classification
1. 1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.
2) Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), the
production of CO2 ( the increase of population, the demolition of trees, etc.).
3) CO2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.
4) Classification helps us to determine and understand the relationship
of the parts of a subject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition.
5) In order to make a clear and logic classification, one needs to follow
a principle of classification and go on with a system consistently.
For example, the categories of classification should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed.
Reading 1 Causes for Global Warming
2. Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel resource. It provides about
one-quarter of the total energy the world uses, and 40 percent of the electricity generated worldwide is powered by coal. The steel industry also is greatly dependent upon this fossil fuel. Like other depleting sources of global energy, coal reserves are also on a steep decline.
Moreover, coal is a greenhouse gas nightmare. Natural gas is comprised mostly of methane, although it also contains ethane, propane and butane.
It is a convenient and efficient energy source. The major consumers of natural gas are the residential, commercial and industrial sectors. It is also used to generate electricity. Unlike other fossil fuels, natural
gas is cleaner and causes less pollution. Like other fossil fuels, this resource is depleting rapidly.
Task 2 Understanding Lectures through Classification
Listening 1
1. Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc.
2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) F
3. Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivation
Idea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflict
4. There are two interesting ideas in Freud’s theory: first, the existence
of unconscious motivation; second, the concept of unconscious conflict.
Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a person’s name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id, ego and superego, which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions on “the Pleasure Principle”, while ego
works on “the Reality Principle” and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego.
Task 3 Reading Classification Articles
Reading 2 Renewable Energy Sources—A Brief Summary
1. 1) Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such
as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished).
2)□√ The purpose of using renewable energy sources.
□√ The classification of renewable energy sources.
□√ The examples of different types of renewable energy sources.
□√ The advantages and disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.
□√ The history of the use of different energy sources.
□ How energy is obtained from various sources.
3) I would write:
(1) The definition of the renewable energy.
(2) The classification of the renewable energy.
(3) The advantages and the disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.
2. 1) The signing of the Kyoto Treaty.
2) It converts the sun’s rays into energy.
3) The main demerit is that it is limited.
4) Sailors, farmers and architects.
5) The main advantage is that this doesn’t produce any by-products that
can be harmful to the environment.
6) Because the Earth’s crust continuously decays, replenishing the heat.
7) They use the force of the water to push the turbine which in turn powers
a generator thus generating electricity.
8) It poses a problem for fish and aquatic plants on both sides of the dam.
9) They contain no petroleum, and they are nontoxic and biodegradable.
10) The Environmental Protection Agency.
3. 1) j. evolution 2) s. solar 3) a. architect 4) l. geothermal 5) p. preserve
6) b. biodegradable 7) r. radioactive 8) f. crusade 9) h. distribute 10) q. radiant
11) i. domestic 12) t. validation 13) k. generator 14) d. capture 15)
g. definitely
16) n. install 17) e. consumption 18) m. harness 19) o. internal 20) c. blade
Reading 3 Types of Pollution
5. 1) voluntary 2) construction 3) contamination 4) eruption 5) regulation
6) deforestation 7) yield 8) irrigation 9) confine 10) sewage
11) hazardous 12) residential 13) vapor 14) decay 15) erosion
16) disrupt 17) particulate 18) underground 19) concentration 20) combat
6.
7.
8. My summary is: Even if solar energy is limited, it enjoys a long history
and has been advancing constantly, thus enabling us to convert heat into electricity, which can be stored, ready for use.
Task 4 Writing an Essay of Classification
Reading 4 Types of Sustainability
1.
5. 1) Declarative sentences are mostly employed in academic writing, despite
the occasional utilizations of interrogative sentences.
2) To support the truths, reliable evidence is quoted by scholars in all disciplines.
3) Much importance should be attached to the comprehension of the
difference between education and training.
4) A person who exposes himself to the sunlight for excessive time is
susceptible to malignant melanoma.
5) Students doing temporary jobs display a better performance in their academic studies.
6) American frontier is deeply rooted in many aspects of American character.
7) The direct involvement of many a foreign country is evident in the
process of US territorial expansion.
8) Parents need to equipped with much care and knowledge while raising a kid.
9) Environment plays a vital role in the growth of plants.
10) In the past, Beijing was ravaged by dust storms for 20 days annually. Integrated Exercises
2. 1) motivation 2) demolish 3) symptom 4) combat 5) capture 6) distribute
7) assert 8) yield
9) internal 10) emergence 11) adherence 12) disrupt
3. 1) Internet access is available in the students’ dormitory.
2) If you can harness your energy, you’ll be rewarded with huge accomplishments.
3) It has been confirmed that foul weather is highly hazardous for sea navigation.
4) The governmental nuclear waste disposal plan aroused fierce protests
from the local residents.
5) Extinction of this rare species of bird is foreseeable if effective measures are not taken.
6) While delivering a public speech, a speaker must articulate his/her arguments.
7) I highly esteem his current research on stem cells.
8) A speaker cannot always secure the cooperation of the audience.
9) The car industry of this country is sheltered by its government from foreign competition.
10) Even a moderate elevation of blood pressure leads to shortened life expectancys.
5. 1) The effective disposal of the recognized sources of pollution
demonstrates to be of great aid in the elevation of people’s quality of life.
2) Since the rapid evolution of technology, the lifestyles of the
generations ahead of us will witness a revolutionized change.
3) Tapping heat from the Earth enables the residents of resource-poor
regions to combat the poor conditions.
4) The downside of the practice of fertilizing the soil by burning straws
is the fact that the released dusts and particles pose a serious problem for the health of the respiratory system.
5) This campaign, organized by environmentally conscious individuals,
has a measurable effect on the general improvement of all the people’s environmental protection awareness.
6) The history of deforestation can date back to two millenniums ago,
which has deteriorated constantly in the modern times, leading to a huge loss of wildlife habitat.
7) During the visit to Huangshan (Yellow Mountain), the tourists were
amazed at how nature works wonders, realizing that beauty is only sustainable if all of us care for the environment around us.
8) Drug abuse is a general degradation of lifestyle, causing immediate health effects.
9) Oil leakage in the mainstream river considerably decreases the
quantity of drinkable water; what’s worse, the adverse effects are not confined to areas near the source.
10) Luckily, the pollution inflicted by this accident will be effectively
removed through natural cycles, not having a negative impact on the environment.
Listening 2
A. (1) T (2) F (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) F
B. (1) The individual’s potential and the importance of growth and self-actualization.
(2) The lower one.
(3) By providing lunch breaks, rest breaks and sufficient wages to purchase essentials.
(4) The love and belonging needs.
(5) They are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned
with the opinions of other people, and interested in fulfilling their potential.
C. This lecture is about Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs, namely
physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Physiological needs are the most basic and instinctive ones, which must be satisfied first. Safety needs refer to
the needs for safety and security, also important for survival. Social needs include the needs for belonging, love and affection, the deprivation of which leads to unhappiness. Esteem needs reflect on personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment; if unmet, it may lead to inferiority complex. Self-actualization needs are at the highest level, meaning to realize a person’s full potential, capacities and talents.
Listening 3
A. (1) A (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) B
B. classically, runny nose, sore throat, intrigued, initially, clinically,
alludes to, building up, immune, alongside, shuffling, rip through, hospitalizations
C. (1) B C E
(2) ① A B C ② A B ③ A B ④ A B ⑤ A B C ⑥ C ⑦ A ⑧ A ⑨ A ⑩ A C
Unit 3 Comparison and Contrast
Keys to the Exercises
Task 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison and Contrast
1. 1) Electric vehicles and gas vehicles.
2) The energy they used, the distance, the cost and convenience.
3) The electric vehicles and gas vehicles share some similarities: the
appearance of muscle cars, all the standard features and they even perform similarly. The differences are listed below:
4) The writer compares and contrasts both vehicles item after item. In
such a pattern, the writer structures his paragraph around points of comparison, moving back and forth between the subjects.
5) The former one—list all similarities of the two subjects, then their differences.
Reading 1 Electric Vehicles and Gas Vehicle
2. What’s more, there is a health factor that affects both of them. Canned
food loses some of the original fresh food nutrients when stored, and also has to be tinned with many preservatives and chemical factors that prolong the shelf life and apparent freshness of the food but could become
toxic if consumed too often. Fresh food, on the other hand, often comes straight from a farm and has all the nutrients Mother Nature intended for it. As we can see, fresh food offers many benefits that canned food lacks. Therefore, an informed diner should always choose to eat fresh.
After all, we could all use to improve our health.
Task 2 Understanding Lectures Through Comparison and Contrast
Listening 1
2. 1) T. What I’m just beginning to realize right now, is that we pay a
huge price for the speed that we claim is a big advantage of these computers.
2) F. And they consume one and a half megawatts of power. So that would
be really great, if you could add that to the production capacity in Tanzania. It would really boost the economy.
3) F. Now, how much computation does the brain do? I estimate 10 to the
16 bits per second, which is actually about very similar to what Blue
Gene does. So that’s the question.
4) T. So what we are doing right now with computers with the energy
consumed by 1,200 houses, the brain is doing with the energy consumed by your laptop.
5) F. How does that compare with the way computers work? In the computer,
you have all the data going through the central processing unit, and any piece of data basically has to go through that bottleneck, whereas in the brain, what you have is these neurons.
6) T. This is something that we’ve been working on for the last couple of years.
3. 120,000 processors
10 to the 16 bits per second
1.5 megawatts
10 quadrillion bits per second
10 watts
4. Although computers have strong power to process data, they still cannot
compare to the brain of human beings in which an unbelievable number of neurons connect and react with each other so that a real net could be accomplished perfectly. The research on how the computer could be as powerful as a brain will continue going on.
Task 3 Reading Comparison and Contrast Articles
2. 1) Consumer perceptions of organic processes and products and those
involving biotechnology.
2) Health, environment, risk and ethics.
3) No study has directly elicited comparable attitudes about organic
and GM products and processes.
4) The average participant slightly, but not strongly, agreed with the
positively worded health attributes (e.g., organic food is
healthier), and disagreed with the negatively worded health
attributes (e.g., organic food is less healthy). The average
response about the healthfulness of GM foods was generally neutral.
5) Both were thought to have higher levels of nutrients than traditional food.
6) Generally, consumers perceive organic food production as environmentally friendly.
7) Respondents perceived GM foods as possessing a higher level of risk
than other classes of food.
8) Social acceptability is one motive driving the purchase of organic food.
9) Respondents did not have major ethical objections to GM food.
10) Forty-five percent.
Reading 2 Perceptions of Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes
3. 1) p. prevalent 2) a. perception 3) i. moderate 4) f. construct 5) q.
advantageous 6) k. attribute 7) c. organic 8) h. volume 9) l. nutrient
10) d. elicit 11) g. explicitly 12) b. warrant
13) m. inherent 14) t. respondent 15) e. empirical 16) j. contradict 17)
o. obesity
18) n. cure 19) s. neutral 20) r. motive
Reading 3 A Comparative Report of Organic Food vs. Genetically Modified Food
5. 1) synthetic 2) manure 3) botanical 4) alter 5) regulation 6) compost
7) recommendation
8) mineral 9) federal 10) potent 11) organism 12) network 13)
transformation 14) normal
\15) chemical 16) trace 17) negative 18) poll 19) facilities 20) modification
6.
7. 1) Para. A 2) E 3) F 4) E 5) Para. F 6) Para. I 7) Para. J 8)
F
8. My summary is: Fueled by health concerns, people have focused more on
the origin of food over the past decade; so to answer their questions, this report shows that organic foods are the best choice compared with genetically modified food.
Task 4 Writing an Essay of Comparison and Contrast
Reading 4 Fast Food Restaurant: McDonald’s vs. Wendy’s
1. B. Wendy’s
1) the Ultimate Chicken Grill
2) small order of chili
McDonald’s
1) fruit yogurt parfait
2) green apple slices (kid’s menu)
3) healthier sandwich choices (such as McVeggie Burger, Chicken
Fajitas, and Whole Wheat Chicken McGrill)
C. Presentation of food: At Wendy’s, not only are the meal options
excellent, the presentation of healthy menu choices is superior.
Wendy’s salads a re large and fresh with only one hindrance: excess water at the bottom of the bowl.
McDonald’s salads lack in appearance and freshness. These salads appear thrown together and often look wilted.
D. Wendy’s:
the first major fast food chain to offer fast food salad as a meal’s main course.
McDonald’s: n ow also offers salads as a main course menu choice, in reaction to the popularity of Wendy’s salads.
E. Meal variety, good presentation and several salad choices are all
considered when evaluating a fast food restaurant. With fast food restaurants such as Wendy’s and McDonald’s available, it is considerably easier for people to make healthier food choices.
5. 1) None of his speech is imperfect in organization and wording.
2) The manager will not miss the opportunity to accept the students’ proposals.
3) Kevin did not deny he took risky bets and lied to cover them up but
claimed his superiors were not ignorant of his doing.
4) It was told that their work needed to be improved as it wasn’t done well.
5) I t is not avoidable that the public won’t miss such scandals in the business world.
6) Never will my parents be unready to help me out.
7) Hardly did the idea of returning to his hometown stop recurring in his dreams.
8) The islands failed to find that they were ready to fight against the outside intruders.
9) It was not until failing to catch the last bus to the city late one
night did Mike not know what to do next.
10) Never does he lose the optimistic confidence for life even though
things don’t always go smoothly.
Integrated Exercise
2. 1) accommodate 2) exhibition 3) consistent 4) negative 5) considerably
6) response
7) version 8) regulation 9) capacity 10) alter 11) trace 12) involve
3. 1) Older people are less likely to perceive situations negatively
because they’re typically more tolerant.
2) In most cases, the major reason for conducting an analysis, although
not often explicitly stated, appears to be to justify taxpayer spending.
3) The organization of the novel allowed readers to reconstruct the story
by adding missing elements and arranging the sequence of the events.
4) These skills are easy to learn and can add considerably to the overall
enjoyment of spending time out-of-doors.
5) He was asked to refine his draft headline to make it clearer and more exact.
6) It is inevitable that success in most work is evaluated by income.
7) The rejection of the parents’ political and religious beliefs put
their children in a difficult position.
8) It is well-known that the government will be consistent in its
positions on civil rights legislation.
9) The public figures who are seeking to further their careers cannot
make selections about the publicity they desire.
10) Considerable modification of the existing system is needed to increase efficiency.
5. 1) An appropriate use of limited natural resources is advantageous for
the Earth environment where human beings live.
2) The uncertainty over this region continues to grow; what is more
unfortunate, people may need some time to adapt.
3) Conventional notions holds that organic food is much healthier than
genetically modified food.
4) The brand gown designed by Marina comes to accommodate the need for
a number of occasions, including churches, dinners, business and other
special occasions.
5) There is a more prevalent concern that the shortage of this research
is due to the overall lack of knowledge of AIDS groups and the difficulty of access to those groups.
6) After being exposed to and weighing the information about those risks,
US researchers suggested that childhood obesity prevention should occur/happen as early as possible, as much as possible before birth.
7) If this change is made, you are likely to run the risk of losing the
audience and your reputation.
8) In the modern society, in rejection of the traditional stereotype that
women need more care and tendance, many women assume/undertake the
responsibility of raising a family.
9) Since the 21st century, the short-term certificates are rapidly
gaining popularity, especially for non-white students.
10) The research found that 75 percent of American teenagers always boast
a healthy self-image.
Listening 2
A. (1) F (2) T (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) T
B. (1) When the speaker was 15 years old, he first discovered the good waste problem.
(2) He grabbed hold of it, sat down, and ate his breakfast with pigs.
(3) It gave him faith that the people do have the power to stop this tragic
waste of food resources and bring about that change.。