2011年考研英语翻译
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translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
• In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently
第3页，共70页。
Answers to Part C (10 points)
• 46. 他认为或许正因为（语言表达上的）这种困难，他不得不对 自己要说的每句话都经过长时间的认真思考，从而能发现自己在推 理和观察中的错误，结果这反而成为他的优点。
• 47. 他还坚持认为自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限，由此 他也认定自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为。
was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.” (49) He adds humbly
that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them
carefully.”
• Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt
• 怎么拆分？正因为英语语法结构和逻辑结构比较明显，在理解英语的时候，我们可以把主句和从句 拆分出来，或者把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。
• 说得更具体一点，可以寻找下面一些“信号词”来对英语句子进行拆分，进而更加有效 • 的理解英语原文：
• 1． 基本原则：把主句和从句拆分出来，把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。
第4页，共70页。
（二）考研翻译的评分标准
• 根据大纲规定，考研翻译的评分标准如下： • 5 个小题，每题2 分，共10 分。
• 如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意义，该句得分最多不超过0.5 分。
• 如果考生就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法， 若均正确，给分；如果其中一个译法有错，按错误译 法评分。
certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he
• 中文错别字不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思 的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5 分，无0.25 扣分。
第5页，共70页。
（三）考研翻译历年考题特点和内容
• 根据对大纲和最近十几年来考研翻译已经考过的真题的分析，我们发现考研翻译具有如下明显的特点。 • 首先，考研翻译的短文内容大多是涉及当前人们普遍关注的社会生活、政治、经济、历史、文化、哲学、心理和
• 2． 连词：如and, or, but, yet, for 等并列连词连接着并列句；还有连接状语从句的连接词，如：when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, since, thought, although, so
• that, ......等等；它们就成了理解英语句子的拆分点。 • 3． 关系词：如连接名词性从句的who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever等关
第2页，共70页。
2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
• Part C
• Directions: • Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your
第8页，共70页。
• 拆分后句子的总结构是：
• Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry
which seeks to study humans and
• 1 主句
2 定语从句
• their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner
科普方面的题材。其体裁基本上是议论文。如：
• 1990 年：人的性格和行为分析 • 1991 年：能源与农业
• 1992 年：智力评估的科学性 • 1993 年：科学研究的方法 • 1994 年：科学家、技术与科学发展的关系
• 1995 年：标准化测试与评估
• 1996 年科学发展的差别和动力
• 1997 年：动物的权利
• 1998 年：天体物理学中的大爆炸理论1999 年：历史研究的方法论
• 2000 年：政府调控与工业化发展 • 2001 年：计算机与未来生活
• 2002 年：行为科学的发展
• 2003 年：人类学的发展
• 2004 年：语言学 • 2005 年：传媒领域中的电视媒介 • 2006 年：美国知识分子的作用
• 48. 另一方面，某些人批评他虽然善于观察，却不具备推理 能力，而他认为这种说法也是缺乏根据的。
• 49. 他又自谦的说，或许自己“在注意到容易被忽略的事物， 并对其加以仔细观察方面优于常人”。
• 50. 达尔文确信，没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣，而且可能会有损 于一个人的思维能力，更有可能导致一个人道德品质的下降。
2011年考研英语翻译
第1页，共70页。
考研翻译简介
（一）考研翻译考查内容和形式
• 根据全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲规定，考研翻 译“主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的 能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400 词的文章，并将其中5 个 划线部分（约150 词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、 通顺。考生在答题卡2 上作答。”以2007年考研翻译题为 例，考生在试卷上阅读的是一篇完整的文章，翻译的是5 个划线部分。如：
• 6． 分词：过去分词和现在分词可以构成分词短语作修饰语，所以可以是拆分点。 • 7． 标点符号：标点符号常常断开句子的主干和修饰部分，也是一个明显的拆分点。
第7页，共70页。
• Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.（35 词， 2003 年62 题）
• 2007 年：法学在新闻报道中的作用。
第6页，共70页。
考研翻译解题的核心策略——拆分与组合
一、理解英语原文，拆分语法结构
• 由于英语语言具有“形合”的特点，就是说，英语的句子无论多么复杂，都是通过一些语法手段和逻辑手 段连接起来的“象葡萄藤一样”的结构。在翻译句子之前，先通读全句，注意一边读一边拆分句子的语法 结构。
系代词和when, where, how, why 等关系副词；还有连接定语从句的关系代词，如who, which, that, whom, whose 等等；它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。 • 4． 介词：如on, in, with, at, of, to 等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语，所以它们也是理解英语句子 的拆分点。 • 5． 不定式符号to：不定式常常构成不定式短语做定语或者状语修饰语，所以也可以是 • 拆分点。
• In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently
第3页，共70页。
Answers to Part C (10 points)
• 46. 他认为或许正因为（语言表达上的）这种困难，他不得不对 自己要说的每句话都经过长时间的认真思考，从而能发现自己在推 理和观察中的错误，结果这反而成为他的优点。
• 47. 他还坚持认为自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限，由此 他也认定自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为。
was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.” (49) He adds humbly
that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them
carefully.”
• Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt
• 怎么拆分？正因为英语语法结构和逻辑结构比较明显，在理解英语的时候，我们可以把主句和从句 拆分出来，或者把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。
• 说得更具体一点，可以寻找下面一些“信号词”来对英语句子进行拆分，进而更加有效 • 的理解英语原文：
• 1． 基本原则：把主句和从句拆分出来，把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。
第4页，共70页。
（二）考研翻译的评分标准
• 根据大纲规定，考研翻译的评分标准如下： • 5 个小题，每题2 分，共10 分。
• 如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意义，该句得分最多不超过0.5 分。
• 如果考生就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法， 若均正确，给分；如果其中一个译法有错，按错误译 法评分。
certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he
• 中文错别字不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思 的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5 分，无0.25 扣分。
第5页，共70页。
（三）考研翻译历年考题特点和内容
• 根据对大纲和最近十几年来考研翻译已经考过的真题的分析，我们发现考研翻译具有如下明显的特点。 • 首先，考研翻译的短文内容大多是涉及当前人们普遍关注的社会生活、政治、经济、历史、文化、哲学、心理和
• 2． 连词：如and, or, but, yet, for 等并列连词连接着并列句；还有连接状语从句的连接词，如：when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, since, thought, although, so
• that, ......等等；它们就成了理解英语句子的拆分点。 • 3． 关系词：如连接名词性从句的who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever等关
第2页，共70页。
2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
• Part C
• Directions: • Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your
第8页，共70页。
• 拆分后句子的总结构是：
• Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry
which seeks to study humans and
• 1 主句
2 定语从句
• their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner
科普方面的题材。其体裁基本上是议论文。如：
• 1990 年：人的性格和行为分析 • 1991 年：能源与农业
• 1992 年：智力评估的科学性 • 1993 年：科学研究的方法 • 1994 年：科学家、技术与科学发展的关系
• 1995 年：标准化测试与评估
• 1996 年科学发展的差别和动力
• 1997 年：动物的权利
• 1998 年：天体物理学中的大爆炸理论1999 年：历史研究的方法论
• 2000 年：政府调控与工业化发展 • 2001 年：计算机与未来生活
• 2002 年：行为科学的发展
• 2003 年：人类学的发展
• 2004 年：语言学 • 2005 年：传媒领域中的电视媒介 • 2006 年：美国知识分子的作用
• 48. 另一方面，某些人批评他虽然善于观察，却不具备推理 能力，而他认为这种说法也是缺乏根据的。
• 49. 他又自谦的说，或许自己“在注意到容易被忽略的事物， 并对其加以仔细观察方面优于常人”。
• 50. 达尔文确信，没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣，而且可能会有损 于一个人的思维能力，更有可能导致一个人道德品质的下降。
2011年考研英语翻译
第1页，共70页。
考研翻译简介
（一）考研翻译考查内容和形式
• 根据全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲规定，考研翻 译“主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的 能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400 词的文章，并将其中5 个 划线部分（约150 词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、 通顺。考生在答题卡2 上作答。”以2007年考研翻译题为 例，考生在试卷上阅读的是一篇完整的文章，翻译的是5 个划线部分。如：
• 6． 分词：过去分词和现在分词可以构成分词短语作修饰语，所以可以是拆分点。 • 7． 标点符号：标点符号常常断开句子的主干和修饰部分，也是一个明显的拆分点。
第7页，共70页。
• Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.（35 词， 2003 年62 题）
• 2007 年：法学在新闻报道中的作用。
第6页，共70页。
考研翻译解题的核心策略——拆分与组合
一、理解英语原文，拆分语法结构
• 由于英语语言具有“形合”的特点，就是说，英语的句子无论多么复杂，都是通过一些语法手段和逻辑手 段连接起来的“象葡萄藤一样”的结构。在翻译句子之前，先通读全句，注意一边读一边拆分句子的语法 结构。
系代词和when, where, how, why 等关系副词；还有连接定语从句的关系代词，如who, which, that, whom, whose 等等；它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。 • 4． 介词：如on, in, with, at, of, to 等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语，所以它们也是理解英语句子 的拆分点。 • 5． 不定式符号to：不定式常常构成不定式短语做定语或者状语修饰语，所以也可以是 • 拆分点。