英语二模考卷

绝密★启用前
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语二
考生须知
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否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。

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2013年管理类专业学位全国联考
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on
ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
An important factor of leadership is attraction. This does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense, for that is a born quality 1 our control. The leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a central figure towards whom people are 2 . Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all, 3 being seen. There is a type of authority which can be 4 from behind closed doors, but that is not leadership. 5 there is movement and action, the true leaders is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. He has to become a legend; the 6 for anecdotes, whether true or7 ; character. One of the simplest devices is to be absent8 the occasion when the leader might be9 to be there, enough in itself to start a rumor about the vital business10 has detained him. To11 up for this, he can appeal when least expected, giving rise to another story about the interest he can display12 things which other folks might
13 as trivial. With this gift for14 curiosity the leader always combines a reluctance to talk about himself. His interest is15 in other people; he questions them and encourages them to talk and then remembers all16 is relevant. He never leaves a party17 he has mentally field a minimum dossier (档案) on18 present, ensuring that he knows19 to say when he meets them again. He is not artificially extrovert but he would usually rather listen 20 talk. Others realize gradually that his importance needs no proof.
1. [A]in [B]beyond [C]under [D]of
2. [A]united [B]dragged [C]drawn [D]hauled
3. [A]at [B]in [C]about [D]on
4. [A]looked [B]recognized [C]exercised [D]respected
5. [A]Where [B]Though [C]Because [D]When
6. [A]minor role [B]subject [C]joke [D]supplement
7. [A]incorrect [B]wrong [C]false [D]bad
8. [A]in [B]on [C]at [D]under
9. [A]refused [B]suspected [C]expelled [D]expected
10.[A]which [B]when [C]what [D]where
11.[A]take [B]make [C]come [D]give
12.[A]on [B]in [C]about [D]at
13.[A]look [B]think [C]view [D]deal
14.[A]decreasing [B]possessing [C]inspiring [D]urging
15.[A]directly [B]obscurely [C]scarcely [D]plainly
16.[A]which [B]that [C]what [D]one
17.[A]after [B]when [C]until [D]before
18.[A]someone [B]everyone [C]men [D]one
19.[A]when [B]where [C]which [D]what
20.[A]and [B]or [C]than [D]but
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A B C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40
points)
Passage 1
YOUNGER Americans will have to take our word for it: there was a time, way back when Ronald Reagan was president, when your countrymen ordered coffee by simply asking for ―coffee‖. Ordering a ―venti skinny chai latte‖ or a ―grande chocolate cookie crumble frappuccino‖ would have earned, at best, a blank stare.
But that was before Howard Schultz took Starbucks from a single coffeehouse in downtown Seattle to a chain with more than 17,000 shops in 55 countries. The chain grew so quickly, and in some areas seemed so ubiquitous, that as early as 1998 a headline in The Onion, a satirical American newspaper, joked, ―New Starbucks Opens in Rest Room of Existing Starbucks‖. After suffering through lean years in 2008 and 2009, the company is again going strong. In the 2011 fiscal year the company served 60m customers per week—more than ever. It also had its highest-ever earnings-per-share ($1.62) and global net revenue ($11.7 billion).
Yet in 2011 Starbucks decided to do away with something important: it dropped the word ―Coffee‖ from its logo. While coffee remains as central to Starbucks’s business and identity as hamburgers are to McDonald’s, the company’s recent American acquisitions have moved it beyond coffee. In November 2011 it acquired Evolution Fresh, a small California-based juice company, for $30m, giv ing the company a foothold in America’s $1.6-billion high-end juice market. And in June Starbucks bought a bakery, Bay Bread, and its La Boulange-branded cafes, for $100m. Starbucks’s customers ―have never been as satisfied with our food as our coffee,‖ ex plained Troy Alstead, Starbucks’s chief financial officer.
On November 14th Starbucks made it largest acquisition yet, buying Teavana, an Atlanta-based tea retailer, for $620m. This is not the firm’s first spread into the tea market—its stores sell tea, of course, and it bought Tazo, a tea manufacturer and distributor, back in 1999—but it is by far its boldest. When Starbucks bought Tazo it was simply a brand, but Teavana has some 300 shops, largely mall-based, throughout North America. Mr Alstead hopes that scale will allow Starbucks ―to do for tea what we did for coffee.‖
This may seem, as they say at Starbucks, a tall order. Americans drink far more coffee than tea. In 2011 the average coffee consumption was 9.39 pounds per person, while tea was a small 0 .9 pounds. That said, since 1980 America’s coffee consumption has fallen, and is forecast to fall further. Consumption of tea, on the other hand, has grown, and is forecast to keep growing—perhaps benefiting from the perception that it has health benefits that coffee lacks, perhaps driven partly by immigration from tea-drinking countries. The Tea Association of the USA put the value of the tea market in America at $8.2 billion in 2011, up from $1.8 billion just 20 years earlier, and forecasts that it will nearly double in value again by 2014. The sharpest growth will come from tea that is green—which also happens to be the colour of money and the logo of Starbucks.
21. By "ordering ... would have earned a blank stare"(Paragraph 1), the author means .
[A] there were fewer types of coffee on offer [B] people had strong preference to coffee [C] coffee used not to be in popularity [D] coffeehouse was filled with more people
22. The joke in The Onion is intended to show _____.
[A] the extensive influence of Starbucks
[B] the fast penetration of coffee shops
[C] the huge profit earned in selling coffee
[D] the unlimited expansion of Starbucks
23. "Coffee" is deleted from Starbucks' logo mainly because ______.
[A] its coffee was not served as well as other goods
[B]customers' other demands should be met as well
[C] juice was proven a more profitable market than coffee
[D] bread might be the priority food with most customers
24. In paragraph 4, the purchase of Teavana was regarded as "the boldest" because _ .
[A] Starbucks could take advantage of its wide distribution network
[B] Teavana is the largest tea seller in the whole North America area
[C] It is the first chance Starbucks has ever had in the tea market
[D] Tea selling would pose the greatest challenge to Starbucks' business
25. Which of the following is the reason for tea market rise according to the last paragraph?
[A] the green color of tea is a sign of good fortune
[B]the number of coffee drinkers is on the decline
[C] new immigrants prefer tea to coffee in general
[D] tea is more often associated with human health
Passage 2
Twice in the past four years surges in the price of oil have hit the world economy. In 2008 the cost of a barrel of Brent crude soared to $147, enfeebling global growth even before the financial crisis killed it. A year ago supply disruptions from Libya sent the price to $127, enough to stall America's beginning recovery. With oil now back above $120 a barrel, and tensions with Iran running high, the worries are back. Will an oil shock, once again, upend the global economy?
For now, the answer is no. The cost of crude is back where it caused trouble in the past. But global growth is affected less by the level of the oil price than the rate of its rise. And so far that rise has been more modest. A barrel of crude costs some 15% more than it did at the beginning of the year. In the first three months of 2011, the oil price surged by almost 35%.
Entirely a result of actual or feared problems with supply. Output disruptions have indeed pushed up prices. Rich-country oil stocks are at a five-year low and Saudi Arabia, the only OPEC producer with significant spare capacity, is already pumping at a near-record rate. But part of the recent rise is demand-related. The world economy looks less fragile than it did at the beginning of the year, as the odds of an imminent euro catastrophe have diminished and America's recovery looks to be on stronger ground. The optimism about global growth that has boosted share prices has also buoyed the oil price.
Still, this is no cause for complacency. One obvious risk is that worries about supply increase, especially if relations with Iran deteriorate to the point of an Iranian attempt to close the Strait of Hormuz. Even if America's navy ensured that such a closure did not last long, the potential disruption would be great: the price of oil rose by 80% in the initial stages of the first Gulf war. An oil price of $200 is yet another reason for America to steer Israel away from an attack.
A second risk is that economic policymakers overreact even to the relatively modest price rises so far. The European Central Bank (ECB) tends to worry more about the inflationary impact of dearer oil than other rich-world central banks do, not least because more wages in Europe are automatically indexed to inflation. Last year it raised interest rates in response to costlier oil,
hardly helping its weak economies. With output in the euro zone shrinking, the ECB is unlikely to repeat that error. The danger this time is that the rise in oil prices will deter it from easing monetary policy further. That would be a mistake. Inflation is far less of a threat than a deepening recession, not least because the weakest euro-zone economies are also the ones most dependent on imported energy. The right European response to dearer oil is not just cheaper money, but also less strict fiscal austerity.
26. In the beginning we learn that the current oil price rise might be _____.
[A] due to the supply cut by Libya [B] derived from the financial crisis
[C] attributed in part to Iranian issue [D] enough to pull American economy
27. According to the author, those who are worried about oil shock can be relieved by ______.
[A] economic growth rate [B] 15% in cost rise
[C] actual price of oil [D] a small rise rate
28. Which of the following is NOT true of oil price rise according to Paragraph 3?
[A] low oil stocks in Saudi Arabia [B] global optimism in economy
[C] oil output in some troubles [D] better turn in share prices
29. In response to inflation caused by oil price rise, the writer advocates ______.
[A] gradual lifting of interest rates [B] a more import-dependent euro
[C] somewhat softer fiscal policy [D] flexible appreciation of currency
30. The best title of this text can be summarized as _____.
[A] Oil price rise: disaster for global economy!
[B] oil price risk: silly reactions from Europe!
[C] oil demand: what Americans should do?
[D] oil price rise: threat, but no worry yet!
Passage 3
Managers would be well advised to choose their words carefully according to new research. Academics have discovered that careful use of language can make the world of difference in the workplace and may well encourage employees to behave more ethically.
The research has found that linguistic subtleties, such as describing an individual as a cheater, rather than terming their behaviour as cheating had a marked impact on how that individual would behave.
―This research is exciting because it suggests that a very simple way leaders might control unethical behaviour is with subtle linguistic cues that highlight the implications that the behaviour might have for a person’s identity,‖ says Gabrielle Ad ams an assistant professor of organisational behaviour at London Business School.
With fellow academics Christopher Bryan an assistant professor in the psychology department at the University of California San Diego and Benoît Monin, an associate professor of organisational behaviour and psychology at Stanford University, Prof Adams. conducted experiments in which participants had the opportunity to claim money that they were not entitled to.
However while some participants received instructions that highlighted the individual’s identity –―Please don’t be a cheater‖ others were given instructions that focused on the action –―Please don’t cheat‖.
Where the language focused on identity –the cheater–participants were far less likely to cheat. But when the behaviour was described – cheating – the academics found that individuals
were more prone to take the money. The results held true for both face-to-face interaction and in an online setting.
The academics suggest that it is possible to invoke an individual’s ―desire to maintain a self-image as good and ho nest‖ by manipulating language and using self-relevant nouns such as cheater. Self-relevant nouns they add ―should cause people to avoid the behaviour‖.
The writers say that subtle linguistic cues can prevent dishonesty ―by harnessing people’s desire to ma intain a view of themselves as ethical and honest‖. In turn they add that their research suggests that simple linguistic interventions could help prevent dishonest behaviour in society.
31. The example of "cheating" in the 2nd paragraph shows the function of ____.
[A] words [B] behavior [C] academics [D] employers
32. According to Gabrielle Adams, bad behaviors can be preventable if ____.
[A] leaders point them out directly
[B] the survey is interesting enough
[C] one's identity is involved in them
[D] language is carelessly employed
33. "prone"(Para. 6) is closest in meaning to ______.
[A] relevant [B] true [C] entitled [D] possible
34. It can be concluded that language is effective in ______.
[A] keeping a positive image of oneself [B] curing behavior ills in whole society
[C] imposing a limit on people's desires [D] getting rid of bad language behaviors
35. In general the author's attitude towards the role of language seems _____.
[A] realistic [B] objective [C] approved [D] subjective
Passage 4
Will it be a century before female managers in Britain earn the same as men? That is the claim today from the Chartered Management Institute (CMI). It has released the results of a survey, which shows that male executives earn, on average, over £10,500 more than their female counterparts for doing the same job—£42,441 compared with £31,895. Women’s s alaries may be rising faster than men’s (2.4% in 2010 compared with 0.3%) but even so, says CMI, at those rates it will take 98 years for women to catch up—thus giving the headline-writer an irresistible angle.
In truth, this figure does not pretend to take into account factors that will change over the next hundred years, such as culture, legislation and demography. Nor, seemingly, does it draw from historical trends. Nevertheless, it contains some thought-provoking insights. Most intriguingly, the survey found that among junior executives there does in fact seem to be pay parity: indeed, the average pay for female managers at the bottom of the ladder, £21,969, is slightly more than the £21,367 average for males. Since there are more junior executives than senior ones, that means that for the majority of women in all management grades, equality has arrived. However, as soon as they start to climb the ladder, the discrimination returns.
So what should we conclude from this? There are several contributing explanations. Firstly, one shouldn’t doubt the existence of a glass ceiling. Male-dominated boards like to fast-track managers who look a bit like them, and may accordingly pay higher salaries to retain talented men. Older men in high places may also be upset about mentoring young women, fearing how that might be perceived, leaving females without champions within a company. And added to all of this, men often have the advantage of a continuous career, uninterrupted by childbirth, during which they can nurture their network.
Research from Harvard Business School has also suggested that women face a double setback in salary negotiations. Not only are those who set compensation less likely to give in to wome n’s demands, but women themselves are also less likely to be pushy. And even when they are, it can work against them. According to Hannah Riley Bowles, who conducted the research: It’s a natural thing to say, ―Buck up a little bit. You’ve got to act more like the guys.‖ But there’s a good deal of evidence to show that telling women to act more like men isn’t always good advice. One reason why we see gender differences is that the world treats men and women differently. People have different expectations and reinforce different types of behavior by men and women. If a man and a woman are self-promoting, both are perceived as equally competent, but the woman is seen as less socially aware and so is less likely to be hired.
36. In the beginning the news about female salary rise suggests that _____.
[A] men's salary is raised faster than the women's
[B] the rise for women used to be kept at a low rate
[C] there is still a long way to go for female rights
[D] women should not do the same job as men do
37. The most surprising discovery from the survey is that _____.
[A] gender equality is more likely to be achieved at the junior level
[B] more executives at the lower ranks are male rather than female
[C] male managers tend to be discriminated at the junior positions
[D] management ladder is more difficult to climb for women
38. "glass ceiling"(Para. 3) may refer to ______.
[A] discrimination against male managers
[B] prejudice against women executives
[C] advantage at the high rank positions
[D] bias held by the old against the young
39. According to Harvard Business School research, an aggressive woman may _____.
[A] be faced with different type of salary
[B] be better made up for their salary loss
[C] be confronted with similar problems
[D] be regarded as less socially competent
40. Towards those women managers, the writer seems ______.
[A] disappointed [B] sympathetic [C] indifferent [D] detached
Part B
Directions: Directions: Y ou are going to read a text about the tasks of leaders and the skills required for leadership. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A－G for each numbered paragraphs (41－45). The first and the last paragraph of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points).
Negligence that results to malpractice has become increasingly common due to the advancement of medical procedures that cure numerous diseases and the advent of new ones that alter the entire body to suit the patient's taste and needs. As physicians work on live human-beings, their work allows very little margin of error. But this is not often the case. More and more people are coming out with clumsy medical operations and in other occasions, medical misdiagnosis. These kinds of malpractices may be life-threatening or may have already led to the death of some patients. Moreover, medical misdiagnosis subjects a patient to delayed appropriate treatment and increased health risks for the wrong treatment that the patient receives. Most physicians get away with these malpractices because of the rule of confidentiality, wherein what happens in a theater remains in that place no matter what happens. Medical team members will guarantee each other until the end.
The responsibility of the personal injury lawyer is to prove the existence of malpractice. This is a difficult task because lawyers may need to study about entirely different terms than they are used to. The medical profession uses extensive and highly specific medical terms for each procedure, disease, condition, etc. A good personal injury lawyer will search everything that a client has undergone under a medical malpractice case. Survivors of medical malpractice and relatives of patients who died from such malpractices must know their rights to prevent medical practitioners from getting away with a personal injury case.
Medical malpractice is not limited to misdiagnosis and erroneous operations. It may also include wrongful prescription of drugs. This is also a very common incident that may grant a client the right to file compensation to the risk for injury that they have incurred. Moreover, this may not only involve physicians and surgeons but also nurses, pharmacists, therapists, dentists, assistants, basically anybody who was there when the malpractice was committed. Every year, more than a million people get prescribed with the wrong medication without them knowing that they are entitled for settlement and half of these people die from these errors.
Some malpractices that are not brought to attention are failure to secure a diagnosis, delayed diagnosis, failure to determine allergies and drug- and food-related adverse reactions to medications, experimentation, birth injuries and practicing with expired licenses. Most of the time, patients and relatives are unaware of these conditions, naturally because they go to the hospital to get treated among other things. When they get more than what they bargained for, that's the only time that they seek a personal injury lawyer's help and by that time, it may already be too late. This is why it is important to take note of every procedure done to a patient in a hospital, especially in the emergency room. It is also important to ask about everything that doctors, nurses and therapists are administering a patient. It is better to inquire and get the angry health workers than be sorry later on for not asking about something that should not have been given to a patient. Most importantly, when a patient undergoes a suspicious medical operation, do not falter and seek the help of a personal injury lawyer who has relevant experience dealing with this kind of suits as soon as possible.
41. Most physicians are protected from those malpractices _______.
42. The responsibility of the personal injury lawyer is _______.
43.Medical malpractice may not only involve physicians and surgeons but also ____.
44. It is important for patients and relatives _______.
45.When a suspicious medical operation occurs, _______
[A] to learn entirely different words than they are used to.
[B] to write down every procedure that a patient received in a hospital, especially in the emergency room
[C] those who are able to deal with this kind of suits as soon as possible
[D] because there is the rule of keeping secret.
[E] those who witnessed the act of malpractice.
[F] it is advisable to look for the assistance of a personal injury lawyer
[G] to find evidence for the existence of doctor's malpractice
Part III Translation
46. Directions
In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
Nor is the proliferation of regional trade agreements an entirely good thing. They have flourished, in part, because of the failure of the multilateral Doha trade round, which was launched back in 2001 and is going nowhere slowly. Regional deals can divert trade rather than create it. There are too many regional deals: Britain is a member of over 30. Although they do lower some barriers, most do nothing to tackle the highest tariffs. And each deal tends to support the preferences of its largest member, making it harder to bring regional blocks together within a whole set of global trade rules.
The WTO should resist that, and keep sounding the alarm at signs of G20 backsliding. But Mr Lamy can do little about the biggest threat to free trade, which comes from the crisis in the euro zone. Until now the European Union's single market, though far from perfect, has been a shining example of a sustained and determined effort to bring trade barriers down and of the benefits that brings. The current crisis, if it leads to the break-up of the euro, could bring about a disastrous break-up of the single market—repeating the mistakes of the 1930s after all. If ever there was a time to remember the dangers of protectionism, it is now.
Section IV Writing
Part A
Suppose you have found a loop of keys in the library the other day. Write a notice to
1)make it known, and
2) ask for claim at your dorm.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
DO not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use ―ZHANG WEI‖ instead
(10 points)
Part B
Write an essay based on the following graph. In your writing you should
1) Describe the table, and
2) Give your comments
You should write at least 150 words (15points)。