2019_2020学年高中英语Unit1BreakingrecordsSectionⅣGrammar (1)

Section ⅣGrammar & Writing
主语
1．夏天我们海滨城市的天气很凉爽。

________________________ is nice and cool in summer.
答案：Weather in our coastal city
2．这就是我想要的全部。

__________ is all I want.
答案：This
3．三个对于我们每个人来说就足够了。

__________ is enough for each of us.
答案：Three
4．成为护士是我的心愿。

____________________ is my wish.
答案：To become a nurse
5．使我感到惊讶的是他对待他父亲的方式。

________________________ is the way he treated his father.
答案：What made me surprised
[自我探究]
上面几个句子说明可以作句子主语的有以下结构：名词、代词、数词、不定式、从句等。

一、主语的定义
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体。

主语一般位于句首，但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词的后面。

二、主语的表现形式
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

1．名词作主语
Professor Smith is a famous scientist.
史密斯教授是一位著名的科学家。

The year 2015 saw the big earthquake in Nepal.
2015年尼泊尔发生了大地震。

2．代词作主语
We often speak English in and out of class.
我们经常在课内外说英语。

Who is the man standing over there?
站在那里的那个人是谁？
3．数词作主语
Sixty percent of her income was spent on clothes.
她收入的60%花在了衣服上。

Two times five is ten.
2乘5等于10。

4．不定式作主语
To master English is useful.
掌握英语是有用的。

To swim in the Lijiang River is a great pleasure.
在漓江里游泳是件非常愉快的事。

不定式作主语时多采用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置，如：
It’s a pity not to go to the concert with you.
真遗憾不能和你一起去听音乐会。

5．动名词作主语
Smoking does harm to the health.
吸烟对健康有害。

Playing football in the street is dangerous.
在街上踢足球有危险。

v．-ing结构作主语也可用it作形式主语，而把v.-ing结构置于句末，这种形式通常用于某些形容词或名词之后。

It’s no good complaining.
抱怨是没有用的。

6．名词化的形容词作主语
The rich should help the poor.
富人应该帮助穷人。

In new China the old are living a happy life.
在新中国老年人过着幸福的生活。

7．从句作主语
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet.
我们什么时候进行英语测试还没有决定。

Whether he’ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.
他是否参加我们的讨论是很重要的。

从句作主语时也通常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末。

It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
很明显，司机已经不能控制他的车了。

It is not clear who was responsible for the accident.
谁来为这起事故负责还不清楚。

三、主语在应用过程中，与谓语的人称和数要保持一致，主要有以下三种原则：
1．语法一致原则
主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。

当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往把它们看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

如果主语由more than one...或many a．..构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式，强调个别。

但是，在“more＋复数名词＋than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。

例如：
Three years is not enough for the experiment.
三年对这个实验来说是不够的。

More than one student has seen the film.
许多学生都看了这部电影。

More members than one are against your plan.
许多成员反对你的计划。

2．意义一致原则
(1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数，常见的这类词有：people，police，cattle，militia(民兵组织)等。

(2)主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数，常见的这类词有news，works(工厂)和一些以-ics或-s结尾的学科名称physics，politics，economics，maths 等。

例如：
The police are searching for the lost boy.
警察正在搜寻失踪的男孩。

A chemical works is being built in our hometown.
我们家乡正在建一个化工厂。

3．就近一致原则
即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。

如用连词or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。

例如：
Is either he or you to go?
是他去还是你去？
Ⅰ单句语法填空
1．It is no good____________(try)that method，because it won’t work.
答案：trying
2．His____________(make) the same mistake again made his parents very angry.
答案：making
3．Many a student____________(chat) online and played computer games in recent years.
答案：has chatted
4．The blue files____________(use) for storing photos.
答案：are used
5．The situation described in those reports____________(sound) terrible，but it may not happen.
答案：sounds
6．A series of books____________(translate) into English.
答案：has been translated
7．It seems that a great many middle-aged workers____________(be) out of jobs now.
答案：are
8．I feel it is the parents rather than his grandma that____________(blame) for the spoiled child.
答案：are to blame
9．I have finished a large part of the book.The rest of it____________(be) very difficult.
答案：is
10．The singer and dancer____________(be) to come to the party.
答案：is
Ⅱ语法与写作
1．与其说这些鞋好看，不如说它们舒适。

____________________are comfortable rather than pretty.
答案：These shoes
2．他将会成功使得他的家人很高兴。

__________________makes his family very happy.
答案：That he will succeed
3．晚睡对健康不好。

It’s bad for your health ____________________．
答案：to go to bed late
4．真遗憾不能和你一起去郊游。

It’s a pity ____________________．
答案：not to go outing with you
5．学习生词对我很重要。

____________________ is very important to me.
答案：Learning new words
6．学英语时用英语思考是必要的。

____________________ when learning English is necessary.
答案：To think in English
7．1949年见证了中华人民共和国的成立。

____________________saw the founding of the People’s Republic of China.答案：The year 1949
8．他在这里一切顺利。

________________ is going well with him.
答案：Everything
9．我们班三分之二的学生是女生。

________________________ in our class are girls.
答案：Two-thirds of the students
10．年轻人在中国必须接受教育。

________________ must be educated in China.
答案：The young
Ⅲ语法填空
Some inventions happen in strange ways.The potato chip is one of them.
Moon’s Lake House was 1.____________ restaurant in New York in the 1850s.George Crum was the cook there.Many rich people often came to the restaurant 2.____________ (enjoy) his cooking.
The one thing that really upset Crum was 3.____________ a customer complained about the food and sent it back to the kitchen to be done over.He would often return it overcooked.He was happy to see the customer walk out of the restaurant 4.____________(angry)．
On August 24，1853，a customer returned his fried potatoes to the kitchen，
5.____________they weren’t crunchy(脆的) enough.Crum reacted in his
6.____________(usually) way.He cut the potatoes very thin and cooked them in hot oil.They were so crunchy and Crum was sure that the man would refuse
7.____________(eat) them.Instead，the man loved them.He even asked for more.
Now，do you know 8.____________ invented the potato chip? It’s George Crum! He 9.____________(late) set up his own restaurant.He named it Cr um’s House.He put baskets of his potato chips on all the tables.They made his restaurant a very popular place.
Today，potato chips are one of Americans’ 10.____________(favor) foods!
【解题导语】本文告诉我们薯条是怎样被发明出来的。

1．a解析：考查冠词。

restaurant是名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。

2．to enjoy解析：考查非谓语动词。

这里用动词不定式作目的状语，表示许多富人常常来这里吃他烹饪的饭菜。

3．when解析：考查表语从句。

此处应用when 引导表语从句，且在从句中作时间状语。

4．angrily解析：考查副词。

根据前面“walk out of the restaurant”可知，后面应用副词angrily修饰动词。

5．because解析：考查连词。

根据语境可知，此处表示“因为油炸的薯条不够脆”，强调原因，故用because。

6．usual解析：考查形容词。

根据后面的名词way可知，此处应用形容词。

7．to eat解析：考查动词不定式。

refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”。

8．who解析：考查疑问词。

根据后面“It’s George Crum”可知，此处问的是谁发明了薯条。

9．later解析：考查副词。

根据后面的“set up”可知，这里应用later。

10．favorite解析：考查形容词。

根据后面的“foods”可知，这里需要用形容词，且表示“最喜欢的”。

如何写人物介绍类文章
写作要求
李娜是中国女子网球队运动员，1982年2月26日生于湖北武汉，毕业于华中科技大学。

6岁开始练习网球，1999年转为职业选手。

请结合下面表格中的内容写一篇100词左右的短文。

主要奖项2010年进入澳大利亚网球公开赛四强。

2011年取得澳大利亚网球公开赛亚军。

2011年赢得法国网球公开赛女单冠军，成为中国乃至亚洲在网球四大满贯赛事上夺得的第一个单打冠军。

李娜已经成为“中国的英雄”，也成为了中国体育界的代表人物。

审题谋篇
1．本文体裁为写人记叙文。

2．主体时态为一般现在时兼一般过去时。

3．主体人称为第三人称。

4．行文可以分为三段，第一段介绍李娜生平简历，第二段介绍其赛事成绩，第三段对李娜进行综述。

写作要点
1．李娜是中国女子网球队运动员，1982年生于湖北武汉，毕业于华中科技大学。

①Li Na，____________ the Chinese Wome n’s Tennis Team player，was born in Wuhan，Hubei Province in 1982 and graduated from Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
②Li Na，____________ in Wuhan，Hubei Province in 1982 and ____________ Huazhong University of Science and Technology，is the Chinese Women’s Tennis Team player.
答案：①who is②born；graduating from
2．6岁开始练习网球，1999年转为职业选手。

①She began to ____________ tennis at the age of six and became a professional
player in 1999.
②__________________，she began to learn to play tennis，and in 1999 she ____________ to a professional player.
答案：①practice playing②When she was six years old；was transferred
3．2011年赢得法国网球公开赛女单冠军，从而成为中国乃至亚洲在网球四大满贯赛事上夺得的第一个单打冠军。

①She ________ the championship in the French Open women’s singles，thus ____________ her the first singles champion ever in China even in Asia in Tennis four grand slam events.
②She ________________ in the French Open women’s singles，____________ her the first singles champion ever in China even in Asia in Tennis four grand slam events.
答案：①won；making ②won the first prize；which made
4．李娜已经成为“中国的英雄”，也成为了中国体育界的代表人物，我们都为她感到骄傲。

①Li Na，________________，has become “China’s hero”，also the ____________ of Chinese sports.
②We all ____________ her，for Li Na has become the representative of Chinese sports ____________ “China’s hero”．
答案：①of whom all of us are proud；representative ②take pride in；as well as
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version：
Li Na，the Chinese Women’s Tennis Team player，graduated from Huazhong University of Science and Technology and was born in Wuhan，Hubei Province in 1982.
Li Na began to practice playing tennis at the age of six and became a professional player in 1999.Her efforts made her achieve many successes in the past years.She entered the final fourth in the 2010 Australia Open Tennis Championship.She obtained the second place in the 2011 Australia Open Tennis Championship.She won the championship in the French Open women’s singles，thus making her the first singles champion ever in China even in Asia in Tennis four grand slam events.
Li Na，of whom all of us are proud，has become “China’s hero”，also the representative of Chinese sports.
课时作业3
Ⅰ单句语法填空
1．____________(walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
答案：Walking
2．____________ she is comi ng or not doesn’t matter too much.
答案：Whether
3．____________(complete) the project took them two years.
答案：To complete
4．His ____________(elect) our chairman made us think of a lot.
答案：being elected
5．It’s no use ____________(go) there today; he won’t be a t home.
答案：going
6．Not only John but also I ____________(be) going to shanghai next week.
答案：am
7．Three weeks ____________(be) allowed for making the necessary preparations.
答案：was
8．Many a person ____________(read) the novel.
答案：has read
9．More than one teacher ____________(get) the flowers.
答案：gets
10．Either your students or Mr.Wang ____________(know) this.
答案：knows
Ⅱ阅读理解
A
Those accustomed to browsing through thousands of books
in large bookstores may find Japan’s Morioka Shoten a little
strange. That’s because this tiny bookstore that is located
in Ginza, Tokyo sells only a single book at a time.
Opened in May 2015, Morioka Shoten is the brainchild of Yoshiyuki Morioka. He began his career as a bookstore clerk in Tokyo’s Kanda district before branching
out to open his own store. It was here while organizing book reading and signing that he realized that customers usually came into the store with one title in mind. Morioka began to wonder if a store could exist by selling multiple copies of just one single book. In November 2014, he partnered with Masamichi Toyama to establish a unique bookstore with the philosophy of “A Single Room with a Single Book”．
The selections that are picked by Morioka change weekly and vary widely to attract customers with different interests. Recent choices include The True Deceiver, an award­winning Swedish novel by ToVe Jansson, Hans Andersen’s Fairy Tales，and a collection of Karl Blossfeldt’s photography of plants. Morioka has also selected books written by a famous Japanese author Mimei Ogawa.
To highlight his only offering, Morioka often uses clever tricks. For example, when selling a book about flowers, the store keeper decorated his shop with the ones that had been mentioned in the book. He also encourages authors to hold talks and discussions so they can connect with customers. Morioka says his goal is for the customers to experience being inside a book, not just a bookstore.
Risky as the idea might seem, things appear to be going well. The storekeeper says he has sold over 2，100 books. Things can get better given that his bookstore is becoming increasingly popular not just among the locals but also visitors from other countries.
【解题导语】在日本你会发现一家名为“Morioka Shoten”的别致书店，这家书店因其特别的经营方式很快就吸引了众人的注意。

1．What inspired Morioka to open such a bookstore?
A．A Swedish novel.
B．His present partner.
C．A bookstore clerk.
D．His working experience.
D解析：细节理解题。

依据第二段可知，在开办自己的书店之前Morioka当过书店的店员，正是在工作中，他开始想创办一家“一周只卖一本书”的书店，由此可知，他的工作经验给了他灵感。

2．Why is Morioka Shoten unique?
A．It is popular with foreigners.
B．It sells books of different topics.
C．It is decorated with colorful flowers.
D．It sells various copies of a book in a week.
D解析：细节理解题。

依据第一段的“sells only a single book at a time”可知，选项D正确。

3．Why does Morioka encourage authors to hold talks?
A．To introduce his bookstore.
B．To advocate his philosophy.
C．To make books better understood.
D．To help readers connect with each other.
C解析：推理判断题。

依据第四段的第三句和第四句可知，Morioka鼓励作者举办会谈、讨论是为了与顾客接触，这样顾客便会更好地体会书中的内容，故选C。

4．What’s the author’s opinion about the b ookstore’s future?
A．Risky. B．Promising.
C．Unpredictable. D．Hopeless.
B解析：观点态度题。

依据文章最后一段的内容可知，这个书店会变得更好，它不仅在当地人中而且在其他国家的游客中也受欢迎，由此可知，作者认为这个书店很有发展前途。

B
Many people in high school cannot wait to go to college and leave their hometown behind. Questions arise, though, when it comes to all of the decisions involved in choosing a college.
One of the first considerations may be finance. State and public colleges are often the least expensive. Often, though, the better colleges are private and more expensive. It is sad when gifted students cannot attend a college of their choice just for financial reasons.
Another major factor is location. Whether the college is in a small town or large city can have a major impact on its activities. A water lover probably will be more comfortable spending four years near an ocean or a lake. Those who cannot tolerate heat will probably be more comfortable at a northern college. Distance from home may also come into consideration. If family is a top priority, that person should stay close to home; on the other hand, if independence is desired, a campus farther from home would be more appropriate.
School size also plays a major role in the decision process. If you want to get to know your teacher, a small college is suitable. For those of you who consider yourself a “people_person” and want a wide range of activities, a large college is more fitting. Your area of interest is another factor to consider in the decision­making process if you want to get the most fr om your education. The whole
point of college is to learn what is of interest to you.
Crucially(至关重要地), one must take into consideration the colleges by which you can realistically be accepted. An Ivy League school for an average student would probably not be a good match. Similarly, an average school for an above­average student would not work well. The college should provide enough of a challenge for the student to work hard. Although there may not be the perfect college out there, there probably will be one that is close. Those who cannot find a suitable college are probably not looking hard enough.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了高中生在选择适合自己的大学时要考虑到的四个因素：个人经济情况、大学的地理位置、学校规模以及个人的成绩，其中个人的成绩是至关重要的。

5．When it comes to going to college the author thinks ________．
A．students will become homesick
B．students are unwilling to leave their home
C．financial situation is the first to consider
D．students are eager to attend their ideal university
C解析：细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句“One of the first considerations may be finance.” 可知，作者认为经济问题是选择大学应考虑的首要问题。

故选C。

6．What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A．The location of the college is a main factor.
B．A long distance will make students upset.
C．Students can be independent at college.
D．The climate must be taken into consideration.
A解析：段落大意题。

根据第三段第一句“Another major factor is location.” 可知，选择大学应考虑的另一个主要因素是大学的地理位置，随后作者在第三段说明了应根据学校位置和其离家的远近来选择大学。

A项“大学的位置是一个主要因素”符合本段大意。

故选A。

7．What does the underlined part “people person” in the passage mean?
A．A very sociable person.
B．A very particular person.
C．A person of great capacity.
D．A person of great importance.
A解析：词义猜测题。

根据画线词所在句子中的“want a wide range of activities” 可知，画线词所表示的这种人是“想在大学期间参加很多活动的人”，即喜欢社交的人。

故选A。

8．Which is the most important factor when choosing a college?
A．The location of a college.
B．The coming challenges.
C．School size.
D．The examination result.
D解析：推理判断题。

根据最后一段第一句“Crucially(至关重要地), one must take into consideration the colleges by which you can realistically be accepted.”可知，在所有的因素中，至关重要的一点是选择大学要从实际出发，要考虑到你能否被这所大学录取。

由此可推知，个人的成绩是选择大学时最重要的因素。

故选D。

Ⅲ语法填空
During a recent Senior Three English lesson, the teacher 1.____________(notice) Liu Yun, a student, busily typing messages on her cellphone. To the teacher’s surprise, Liu Yun wasn’t just texting her friends the latest small talk. She was blogging about what she was learning in the classroom, sharing her opinions 2.____________ her classmates. She said she 3.____________(true) enjoyed doing that.
The case caused 4.____________ heated discussion among teachers and students citywide. Miss Li, another English teacher said, “I am amazed at how
5.____________(create) the students can be when writing on their blogs. To me it’s
a great way for students to improve their writing skills while writing about personal fe elings and experiences.” But 6.____________ made other teachers worried was the blog­addiction which may distur
b the students’ study.
A supporter and classmate of Liu Yun said, “We love her blog! We all read it each day and can’t wait to see what she write s about next. Many of her
7.____________(suggest) on study really help to encourage us. And we can relax
8.____________(we) while reading her blog.” Another student blogger admitted that he often works late into the night, 9.____________(write) his blog. He said, “Sometimes I don’t even have time 10.____________(finish) my homework. I can’t help myself. I really have a lot to say.”
【解题导语】本文主要讲述了老师和学生对发博客的看法。

1．noticed解析：考查动词时态。

通读全文可知，故事发生在过去，故用动词的一般过去式形式。

2．with解析：考查介词。

share sth. with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”，为固定
搭配，故用介词with。

3．truly解析：考查副词。

修饰动词应用副词，故用副词truly修饰动词enjoyed。

4．a解析：考查冠词。

discussion在此处表示具体概念，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词a修饰。

5．creative解析：考查形容词。

how修饰形容词或副词。

由下文的be可知，此处应用形容词作表语，故用creative。

6．what解析：考查名词性从句。

空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示物的概念，what符合语境。

7．suggestions解析：考查名词。

her是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，故用名词形式。

此外，suggestion是可数名词，由Many of可知，应用复数形式。

8．ourselves解析：考查代词。

由句子主语we可知，此处应用反身代词，表示放松自我。

9．writing解析：考查非谓语动词。

write和从句的谓语works之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词。

其与主语he构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。

10．to finish解析：考查非谓语动词。

have time to do sth.意为“有时间做某事”，为固定搭配，不定式作宾语补足语。

Ⅳ书面表达
你校正在开展“创建文明班级，共建和谐校园”活动，请根据下面的内容，以“A Meaningful Activity”为题写一篇短文，向China Daily投稿，介绍有关情况。

主题：“同陋习告别，与文明握手”
目的：根除乱扔、乱吐、吸烟、喝酒等现象；提倡穿校服、讲礼貌。

内容：举办图片展，进行教室、宿舍美化评比等。

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version：
A Meaningful Activity
Our school has now started an activity called“Build Civilized Classes and a Harmonious Campus”. The topic is“Get Rid of Bad Habits and Greet Civilization”．Bad habits do exist.Some students throw rubbish everywhere or spit in public.Others are even addicted to smoking and drinking.We require that the students break away from these bad habits.
We urge the students to wear their school uniform and be polite to others.
During the activity，we’ll hold a picture show，a competition of classroom and dormitory decorations and so on.
We all hope that we’ll build each class into a civilized one and our campus into a harmonious place.。