高考英语阅读理解(社会文化)技巧小结及练习题

高考英语阅读理解(社会文化)技巧小结及练习题
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1．阅读理解
Being attractive isn't usually considered much of a disadvantage in today's world. Actually, there is the endless potential benefit about it, but researchers have found one area that being pretty makes life a challenge securing yourself a boring, low-paying job.
This stands in contrast to a large body of research that attractiveness, in general, helps candidates in the selection process. For the most part good looks is a blessing. We treat pretty people more favorably in general, often vote for them more in elections, and pay them more in their professions. The research suggests that attractive people may be discriminated against in selection for relatively less desirable jobs.
Researchers carried out four experiments involving more than 750 participants, including university students and managers who make hiring decisions in the real world. Participants were shown photos of two potential job candidates, one attractive and the other unattractive. Participants were then asked a series of questions designed to measure their opinions of the job candidates and whether they would hire these candidates for a less-than-desirable job.
The less desirable jobs included a warehouse worker, housekeeper, customer service representative and the more desirable jobs included things like a manager, project director, IT elite(精英). In all experiments where they were asked, participants were significantly less likely to hire the attractive candidate for the less desirable job and more likely to hire the attractive candidate for the more desirable job.
Ms Lee said, "In the selection decision for an undesirable job, decision makers were more likely to choose the unattractive individual over the attractive individual. Co-author Dr Madan Pillutla said, "It is interesting that decision makers consider others' opinions in their decisions. They thought that attractive individuals would want better outcomes, and therefore would be less satisfied, so they favored unattractive candidates when selecting for a less desirable job."
The research also suggests the established view that attractive candidates are favored when applying for jobs might be limited to high-level jobs.
（1）What do people generally think of being attractive?
A. It is a disadvantage.
B. It is a blessing.
C. it is not important.
D. It has nothing to do with jobs.
（2）What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. The participants of the experiment.
B. The importance of the experiment.
C. The process of the experiment.
D. The result of the experiment.
（3）An ordinary-looking graduate may have an advantage when applying for _______. A. a manager B. a project director C. a warehouse worker D. an IT elite （4）Why are less attractive applicants preferred for less desirable jobs?
A. Because they are more hardworking.
B. Because they will be more satisfied.
C. Because they have no requirements at all.
D. Because they will want better outcomes.
（5）Which of the following agrees with the research?
A. Attractive people are more fit for high-level jobs.
B. Less attractive people are easy to find high-level jobs.
C. Attractive people can always be hired when applying for jobs.
D. Less attractive people can easily get highly paid if they work hard.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）C
（4）B
（5）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了吸引力和求职之间的关系。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"For the most part good looks is a blessing."可知,在很大程度上,美貌是一种福气,由此可知,人们普遍认为有吸引力是一种福气,故选B。

（2）考查段落大意。

根据第三段内容,特别是"Participants were shown photos of two potential job candidates, one attractive and the other unattractive."可知,本段主要介绍了研究人员对吸引力和求职之间的关系的实验过程,故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的"The less desirable jobs included a warehouse worker, housekeeper, customer service representative"及"participants were significantly less likely to hire the attractive candidate for the less desirable job"可知,参与者不太可能雇有吸引力的人做不那么理想的工作,而仓库管理员是不理想的工作之一,由此可知,长相一般的人在申请仓库管理员职位上有优势,故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的"They thought that attractive individuals would want better outcomes, and therefore would be less satisfied, so they favored unattractive candidates when selecting for a less desirable job."可知,有吸引力的人希望更好的结果,因此不太容易满足,所以参与者在选择不那么理想的工作时更喜欢长相一般的候选人,由此可知,长相一般的人更喜欢不那么理想的工作是因为他们更容易满足,故选B。

（5）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"The research also suggests the established view that attractive candidates are favored when applying for jobs might be limited to high-level jobs."可知,有吸引力的求职者更受青睐的观点可能仅限于高层职位,由此可知,有吸引力的人更适合高层工作与研究结果相符合,故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
A music festival is a community event focusingon live performances of singing and instrument
playing that is often presentedwith a theme. On the list are the music festivals for fans around the world.Find your favorite now!
Field Day
January 1, 2018. Sydney
Field Pay means New Year's Day for young peoplein Sydney. Seen as the city's original multi－stage party,, it's a gathering of friends comingtogether for a great fun - filled first day of the year. There's an air of hopeand positive energy on a perfect summer's day.
The Envision Festival
February 22 – 25, 2018, Uvita
The Envision Festival is an annual gathering inCosta Rica that aims to provide an opportunityfor different cultures to work with one another to create a better community.The festival encourages people to practice art, music, dance performances, andeducation. Meanwhile, our connection with nature is expected to bestrengthened.
The McDowell Mountain Music Festival
March 2 - 4, 2018, Phoenix
The McDowell Mountain Music Festival is Phoenix、musicalcelera ,on of community culture. Since its founding in 2004 f it is the only100% non – profit music festival designed to support, entertain and educate thecommunity. The festival attracts thousands of visitors each year from aroundthe country, and it is an opportunity to experience true culture.
The Old Settler's Music Festival
April 19 - 22, 2018, Dale
The Old Settler's Music Festival is a nationallyknown music festival for American music. The festival is held in the country ofTexas at the height of the wild flower season. The Old Settler's Music Festivaloffers great music and activities for the whole family.
（1）In which city can people enjoy a fun New Year's Day?
A. Phoenix
B. Uvita.
C. Sydney
D. Dale
（2）What is special about the McDowell Mountain Music Festival?
A. It encourages people to receive education.
B. It is not aimed at making money.
C. It provides an opportunity for friend gathering.
D. It focuses on cultural exchanges.
（3）Which festivals are connected with nature?
A. Field Day and the Envision Festival.
B. The Envision Festival and the McDowell Mountain Music Festival.
C. The Old Settler's Music Festival and the McDowll McDowell Mountain Music Festival.
D. The Envision Festival and the Old Settler's Music Festival.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界各地的四个受欢迎的音乐节：讲述了节
日举行的时间和节日特色。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据Field Day部分中的“Field Pay means New Year's Day for young people in Sydney.”可知，Field Day对于年轻人来说意味着新年，因此人们在悉尼能够享受有趣的新年。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据The McDowell Mountain Music Festival部分中的“Since its fou nding in 2004 f it is the only 100% non - profit music festival designed to support, entertain and educate the community.”可知，自从建立以来，这个节日一直是非盈利的音乐节。

因此推断它的目的不是赚钱。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据The Envision Festival部分中的“Meanwhile, our connection with nature is expected to be strengthened.”和The Old Settler's Music Festival部分提到的“The festival is held in the country of Texas at the height of the wild flower season.”可知，这两个音乐节与大自然有关。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Uncover a magical mix of new and unforgettable experiences when you add theme park admission.
Item 1: An all-New Lana and Evening Show at Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme pork
Bury yourself in the magic of nature like never before at Pandora-The World of Avatar. Visit this destination to start innovative(革新的) travel and enjoy themed dining and shopping opportunities. And at night, treat your sense to Rivers of Light – an incredible mixture of water, sound and light!
Item 2: Dazzling New Shows at Magic Kingdom Park
Get ready to wonder at Once Upon a Time, a new night projection show that brings Cinderella Castle to life with projections of beloved Disney scenes and characters. In addition, catch the impressive Happily Ever After ninth when it is performed for the first time on May 12, 2017.
Item 3: Attractive Escapades at Epcot
Board an ancient Norwegian ship and go to the kingdom of Arendelle during a Frozen Ever After adventure. Then, stop by the Royal Sommerhus to meet Anna and Elsa—and maybe even start a warm hug. Longing for an air adventure? Take flight on the re-imagine Soarin' and feel as though you're flying above some of the earth's most surprising landmarks and landscapes.
Item 4: Epic Entertainment at Disney's Hollywood Studios
Catch excellent stage shows like Beauty and the Beast—Live on Stage, have fun playing virtual games on Toy Story Mania! , and wrap up your day with Star Wars: A Galactic Spectacular, a laser and special effects show set to an iconic musical score.
Serious Shopping, One-of-a-Kind Eateries and World-Class Acts at Disney Springs.
Discover a waterfront destination filled with more than 150 places to shop, dine and be entertained—including brand name stores, restaurants with rooftop rooms and the only place in the world to see Cirque du Soleil TM La Nouba.
（1）What do Item I and Item 4 have in common?
A. Dining and shopping.
B. Adventure and dining.
C. Shopping and performance.
D. Shopping and adventure.
（2）Where can visitors find a castle?
A. At Epcot.
B. At Magic Kingdom Park.
C. At Disney's Hollywood Studios.
D. At Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme Park.
（3）How can visitors arrive at the kingdom of Arendelle?
A. By air.
B. On foot.
C. By ship.
D. By train.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍主题公园的特点。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据Item 1: An all-New Lana and Evening Show at Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme pork部分中的“and enjoy themed dining and shopping opportunities.”和Item 4: Epic Entertainment at Disney's Hollywood Studios部分中的“Discover a waterfront destination filled with more than 150 places to shop, dine and be e ntertained”由此可知，Item I和 Item 4 都涉及到了Dining 和shopping.故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据Item 2: Dazzling New Shows at Magic Kingdom Park部分中的“Get ready to wonder at Once Upon a Time, a new night projection show that brings Cinderella Castle to life with projections of belove d Disney scenes and characters.”可知，人们在Magic Kingdom Park.能找到一个城堡。

故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。

根据Item 3: Attractive Escapades at Epcot部分中的“Board an ancient Norwegian ship and go to the kingdom of Arendelle during a Frozen Ever After adventure”.可知，游客坐船可以到the kingdom of Arendelle。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
Entrepreneur and CEO of Tesla and Space X, Eldon Musk may have a little more time on his hands, as he's leaving his position on the board of the Open Al, according to a blog post.
The departure is likely the result of Tesla's moving into the field of Artificial Intelligence(AI)，which he said in 2017 would be the “best in the world”and would even be able to “predict your destination, ”Musk will continue to “donate and advise the organization,” Open AI said in a blog post on Feb. 20, adding that “As Tesla continues to become more focused on AI, this will avoid a potential future conflict for Eldon.
Musk and Y Combiner CEO Sam Altman co-founded the nonprofit enterprise in December2015, its mission is to develop safe artificial general intelligence and ensure those developments are made public. Open AI researchers published a paper on the site ArXiv, org, detailing the possible secure threats that come with“malicious”AI. In fact, Musk has heard the “evil AI”alarm several times, On Aug.11，2017, he warned that artificial intelligence poses a bigger threat to humanity,
and he told a gathering of state governors that the government needs to regulate Al before robots start “killing people. ”
Musk's departure from the Open AI board could mean big things for Tesla. As Eton Goodbye, a financial reporter, noted on Futurism, the move “could signal that Tesla is more deeply committed to their own AI projects than we thought. ”He added, “Those who have had their ears to any rumors (谣言)that Tesla is ready to deliver vehicles capable of Level 5autonomy could take this new Open Al development as a sign that the company is inching closer to that unapproachable goal, ”No company has reached that level of autonomy, whi ch means that a driverless car could navigate any road under any conditions and that all the human “driver” would need to do is to input a destination.
（1）Why does Eldon Musk leave his position?
A. To create safer AI.
B. To build powerful Internet.
C. To develop social communication.
D. To avoid a possible conflict with Tesla.
（2）What is the Eldon Musk's attitude towards the AI?
A. Ambiguous.
B. Supportive.
C. Negative.
D. Sympathetic.
（3）What does the underlined word “malicious” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Poisonous.
B. Unpopular.
C. Advanced.
D. Traditional.
（4）What can we infer from Eton Goodbye's comments?
A. Level 5 autonomy is impossible.
B. The rumors about Tesla is meaningless.
C. He has no confidence in Open AI.
D. Level 5 autonomy could set human drivers free.【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了传奇人物埃隆·马斯克和他的公司。

(1)考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Entrepreneur and CEO of Tesla and Space X, Eldon Musk may have a little more time on his hands, as he's leaving his position on the board of the Open AI, according to a blog post.”和第二段中的“adding that “As Tesla continues to become more focused on AI, this will avoid a potential future conflict for Eldon.”可知Eldon Musk离开他的职位是为了避免可能和Tesla产生冲突，故D。

(2)考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Musk will continue to “donate and advise the organization”可推知Eldon Musk对于AI的态度是同情，故选B。

(3)考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“In fact, Musk has heard the ‘evil AI’ alarm several times. ”可猜测出“malicious”的意思是有害的，故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“No company has reached that level of autonomy, which means that a driverless car could navigate any road under any conditions and that all the human ‘driver’ would need to do is to input a destination. 可推出“Level 5 autonomy”将会让人类司机解放，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee (裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don't care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn't seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoyed games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.
Grown-ups can hardly find children's game exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple game again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinary afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.
It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.
（1）What is true about children when they play games?
A. They can stop playing any time they like.
B. They can test their personal abilities.
C. They want to pick a better team.
D. They don't need rules.
（2）To become a leader in a game the child has to _________.
A. be a useful partner
B. wait for his turn
C. be confident in himself
D. be popular among his playmates
（3）Why does a child like playing games?
A. Because he can be someone other than himself.
B. Because he can become popular among friends.
C. Because he finds he is always lucky in games.
D. Because he likes the place where he plays a game.
（4）Which is the best title for this passage?
A. Rules in Children's Games
B. Advantages of Playing Games for Children
C. Reasons for Children's Games
D. How to Be a Popular Game Player
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了孩子们在玩游戏时有自己的游戏规则，他们很少需要裁判，很少去记分．他们喜欢玩取决于运气的游戏，这样他们的个人能力就不能直接进行比较了．但是，成年人很难发现孩子们的游戏令人兴奋，他们常常对孩子们反复玩这么简单的游戏感到困惑。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Children have their own rules in playing
games．Theyseldom need a referee（裁判） and rarely trouble to keep scores．”可知，介绍了孩子们玩游戏的一些特点，比如孩子的游戏有自己的规则，也不需要裁判，而且可以随时结束，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn”可知，当轮到他时，他就成了领袖．所以要成为一个游戏的领导者，孩子必须等待轮到他才行，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person，and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid．”可知孩子们喜欢玩游戏的重要原因之一是他们可以在游戏中假装成别人，选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，游戏在孩子们的生活中是必不可少的．他们无需裁判，也很少计分，他们甚至不在乎输赢．尽管在成年人眼里这些游戏非常简单，枯燥．但是孩子们对此却是乐此不疲．作者认为通过游戏，孩子们学会了遵守规则，可知选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Britain and France are two important countries in Europe. They are neighbors, separated only by the 20-mile seaway of the English Channel. And for most of the time that the two countries have existed, the French and the British have been rivals or even enemies. One conflict between the two countries lasted over 100 years, and the British and French were at war through the 18th century.
There is no fighting now, of course. But there is still a strong sense of rivalry (敌对) between the two nations. That's why a recent survey in the UK caused a major shock.
It revealed (揭露) that one third of the British people would like to live in France. It also showed that twenty-one percent of British people would actually prefer to have been born in France.
Many reasons were given. France has a better climate and a more relaxed lifestyle, with some of the longest holidays in Europe. It is thought to have better public services in every area from health to transport. People in France work shorter hours and enjoy longer vacations. And think of the food and wine!
Estimates (估计) of the numbers of Britons living in France range from 100,000 to half a million. But it is not one-way traffic. Around 15,000 French people per year come to live in Britain, mainly settling in London. They are attracted by higher pay in Britain, lower taxes, a more dynamic lifestyle. Now it seems that people can go to the place that suits them best.
（1）Why do some British people like to live in France?
A. They prefer the longer holidays there.
B. England has the worst food in Europe.
C. France is not far away from England.
D. The two countries have always been friends.（2）Some French people mainly set in London because ________.
A. they like better the more dynamic lifestyle
B. they think there are better public services in it
C. they live in France for a long time
D. they can work shorter hours there
（3）Which would be the most ideal way to live for people in both countries?
A. Work and live in France.
B. Work and live in London.
C. Work in London and live in France.
D. Work in France and live in London.
（4）What a suggestion does the text give?
A. Both of the people like to move between two countries.
B. Both of the people are becoming more European.
C. The French are becoming more British.
D. The British are becoming more French.
【答案】（1）A
（2）A
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国和法国这两个欧洲相邻国家各自生活方式上的特点。

英国人想要在法国生活，因为法国有更好的气候和更放松的生活方式，有一些欧洲最长的假期。

它被认为在从健康到交通的各个领域都有更好的公共服务。

而每年大约有15000名法国人来到英国居住，主要定居在伦敦。

他们被英国更高的工资、更低的税收、更有活力的生活方式所吸引。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“People in Fra nce work shorter hours and enjoy longer vacations.”可知一些英国人想要去法国生活的原因是他们希望有更长的假期。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“They are attracted by higher pay in Britain, lower taxes, a more dynamic lifestyle.”可知一些法国人主要定居在伦敦是因为他们被英国更高的工资、更低的税收、更有活力的生活方式所吸引。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“France has a better climate and a more relaxed lifestyle, with some of the longest holidays in Europe. It is thought to have better public services in every area from health to transport.”可知法国有更好的气候和更放松的生活方式，有一些欧洲最长的假期。

它被认为在从健康到交通的各个领域都有更好的公共服务。

因此适合人们生活；而根据最后一段中的“They are attracted by higher pay in Britain, lower taxes, a more dynamic lifestyle.”可知伦敦的工资更高、税收更低以及生活方式更有活力，因此适合人们工作。

综上，两国人们最理想的生活方式是：在伦敦工作，在法国生活。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Britain and France are two important countries in Europe. They are neighbors, separated only by the 20-mile seaway of the English Channel.”可知英国和法国是欧洲的两个重要国家。

他们是邻居，只隔着20英里远的英吉利海峡。

因此可以推测这两个国家的人都在变得更加欧洲化，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
The best-known example of external( 外部的)influence causing language change is the "Americanization" of world culture, which has caused English words to appear in city streets all over the world. The effect is most noticeable in pop music. Foreign groups often record in English, and the words are picked up and repeated in the same language everywhere, even by children who otherwise have little or no command of the language. I once met a Brazilian child of about ten who could count 'one, two, three', but only by adding the words 'o'clock, four o'clock rock 'at the end.
Some people are often strongly critical of the influence of English on their language --- especially when an English word replaces a traditional word. In 1977, France passed a law banning the use of English words in official situations if an equivalent( 意义相同的)French expression existed --- but the law seemed to be honored more in the breaking than in the observing. Some other countries have considered introducing a similar law despite the evidence that such laws have very little effect, and that the arrival of loan words( 外来词) can greatly enrich a language (as indeed in the case of English itself, which has a long history of welcoming foreign words).
However, not everyone is critical. In particular, commercial firms and advertisers are well aware of the potential selling power that the use of English vocabulary can bring. In Japan, English is even used in television commercials, despite the fact that the majority of viewers would not understand exactly what was being said: the excellence implied by the mere use of English is apparently enough to command the strategy to the advertisers.
Most of the influence of English is upon the vocabulary of foreign languages, but surveys are slowly bringing to light several cases where word order or word structure has been affected. Sentences of the type “The book sells well”, using an active construction for a passive meaning, have begun to appear in Danish (Bogen soelger godt). Several languages keep the English plural ending when they make use of a loan word, and do not translate it into the native form, e.g. drinks. There are many other such cases.
（1）Why could the Brazilian child speak 'one, two, three' in English?
A. Because he had seen these words everywhere in the street.
B. Because he had learnt how to tell the time in English.
C. Because he had made himself master of English.
D. Because he had heard these words in songs a lot.
（2）What can we infer about the law passed in France in1977?
A. It was strict.
B. It was unfair.
C. It was often ignored.
D. It was strongly opposed.（3）Some Japanese commercials use English in the hope of .
A. following the American trend
B. becoming world-famous
C. enriching Japanese
D. increasing sales
（4）The last paragraph is mainly developed by .
A. providing examples
B. making comparisons
C. explaining grammar rules
D. analyzing language change
（5）What is the authors attitude towards language change?
A. Critical.
B. Objective.
C. Concerned.
D. Supportive.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
（5）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了造成语言变化的外部影响，最著名的例子是世界文化的“美国化”，它导致英语单词出现在世界各地的城市街道上。

这种影响在流行音乐中最为明显。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Foreign groups often record in English ⋅⋅⋅ but only by adding the words 'o'clock, four o'clock rock at the end.”可知文中提到的这个巴西小孩可能本身不太会说英语，但是由于含有这些英语数字的歌曲不断重复播放，所以他学会了说这些数字。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“In 1977, France passed a law banning the use of English words in official situations if an equivalent( 意义相同的)French expression existed --- but the law seemed to be honored mo re in the breaking than in the observing.”可知1977年，法国通过了一项法律，禁止在官方场合使用与法语表达相同的英语词汇——但这项法律似乎更多地是在打破而不是遵守。

故我们可以推测这项法律经常被忽视，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“the potential selling power that the use of English vocabulary can bring以及the excellence implied by the mere use of English”可知，广告中使用英语能让人感觉该产品很出色，激发人们的购买欲。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

最后一段中通过“主动结构表达被动意义”和“保留表示复数的词尾”两个例子来说明英语对其他语言的语序或结构也有影响。

故选A。

（5）考查推理判断。

文章的叙述主要以第三人称视角，引用了不同人的观点和意见，作者本身没有发表看法，因此可以推断作者对于语言转变的态度是“客观的”，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
Corporate culture is the values and beliefs a company develops over time. The role of corporate culture is to improve a company's mission and strategies, with long-term hopes of improvements in a company's profit. Mostly corporate culture comes from a company's top management.
One role of corporate culture is to influence employee behavior, honesty, and compliance（服从）. A company does not have to necessarily create a direct influence for these actions. A direct influence may be a set of written regulations or other policies, and while these may be in place, the corporate culture is usually more of an indirect influence.
While many companies try to create corporate culture through the use of written policies, its role is harder to define. The human factor has an influence on how corporate culture is expressed. The way uppermanagement acts and reacts to various situations defines how lower-level employees will act, and this aspect may be more important than any written policy.
A company's corporate culture can also extend beyond the walls of the business. Consumers who believe a company to be honest and forthright（直率）may be more loyal in their buying behavior. Employees in a company's customer service department can also exhibit positive corporate culture to outside individuals. In this case, the culture creates a link between the company's employees and its customers. How customers react may be a direct result from the company's corporate culture.
Product quality can also be influenced by a company's corporate culture. Companies that focus only on profits may decide to avoid high-quality materials in products, but try to suggest that the products are of higher quality than they really are. This negative culture can then result in lower brand loyalty with consumers.
（1）What do we know about corporate culture from this passage?
A. It is a set of rules and regulations.
B. It is the way the employees act.
C. It is the values and beliefs of a company.
D. It is the long term hope of a company.
（2）Which of the following is more efficient in creating corporate culture?
A. Making a set of rules and regulations.
B. Setting an example for the employees.
C. Learning the corporate culture regularly.
D. Encouraging the employees to work harder.（3）What can we infer from the fourth paragraph?
A. The customer is always right.
B. Corporate culture has different functions.
C. Without corporate culture, a company will die.
D. Positive corporate culture can promote sales.
（4）Which word can describe the companies mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. Creative.
B. Efficient.
C. Dishonest.
D. Disloyal.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。

企业文化是一个公司随着时间的推移而发展起来的价值观和信念。

企业文化的作用是完善企业的使命和战略，并有望长期企业利润的提高。

文章并指出了企业文化对企业销量和质量的影响作用。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Corporate culture is the values and beliefs a company develops over time.”可知企业文化是一个公司随着时间的推移而发展起来的价值观和信念。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Mostly corporate culture comes from a company's top management.”可知企业文化大多来自公司的高层管理人员。

即树立员工榜样更能有效地创造企业文化，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Employees in a company's customer service department can also exhibit positive corporate culture to outside individuals. In this case, the culture creates a link between the company's employees and its customers.”可知公司客服部门的员工也可以向外界展示积极的企业文化。

在这种情况下，企业文化在员工和客户之间建。