英汉翻译 句子翻译二
合集下载
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
我希望大会的各项决议将得到各会员国，尤其是 以色列的尊重。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.
立功的人将受到奖励。
Our roof was damaged in last night’s storm.
路易斯公司的一辆拖车把你的汽车拖走了。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.
中国在四千年前发明了指南针。
Energy is defined as the ability to do work.
如果有人向你提出私人的问题，你尽可不答。
句子翻译（二） ——语态变换法
[<]
3. 译为判断句
The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.
美国的学分制是1782年在哈佛大学首先实施的。
The science fiction has been translated into Chinese by a friend of mine.
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法 练习答案
[<]
• 1.新学生规定要见习一个学期。 • 2.随着战争的爆发，飞行日益增加。 • 3.大部分问题已经圆满的解决了，只剩下几个次要问题需要
讨论。 • 4.这液体在室温下和盐混合了。 • 5.本来就很明显，这项计划得一笔勾销。 • 6.过了一会，达成了协议。 • 7.匆匆忙忙拟定了一个应急计划。 • 8.已经为那桩事拨了一大笔款项。 • 9.必须有一个袭击敌人所在地的计划。
Translation of Sentences II
Contents
• 语态变换法 • 拆译法 • 合句法
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
the change of the voices（语态变换法）
Among the eight translation techniques, there exist one called “the change of the voices”. Actually, the passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese, especially in the writing of science and technology. In the sentences in which the doers are not necessarily told or known, the passive voice is used. And sometimes for the sake of connection of the context, there occurs the passive voice. Since the passive structure seldom appears in Chinese, many passive sentences in English have to be turned into active sentences in Chinese. In fact, a translator tries to render the passive sentences into Chinese active sentences as many as possible. But the version must be made idiomatic and smooth, not ambiguous or abstruse. This is a problem which is worth our attention.
[<]
2. 译为主动句，但需要注意主语的选择。 The Novel A Dream of Red Mansions has been
translated in to many foreign languages.
小说《红楼梦》已译成许多外国文字。
During the World Cup the streets were filled with football fans.
Helsinki became a flourishing port, and an university was founded at Turku.
赫尔辛基变成了一个繁荣的港口，（）在图尔库还 简称一所大学。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
• 5.习惯译法
It is generally accepted that… 一般认为；大家公认 • It is alleged that…
据估计（推算） • It has been found that…
已经发现；实践证明
• It must be kept in mind that… 必须记住
• It is known that… 众所周知；大家知道
• It has been objected that… 有人反驳
• It is predicted that… 据估计；据预计
drops of water in the sky. 18. She was blamed for everything her sisters did. 19. Every country was visited by the worst drought in 60 years. 20. Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
• It is believed that… 据信；人们（大家）相信 • It is claimed that… 有人（人们）主张；人们要
求 • It is declared that…
据宣称；人们宣称 • It cannot be denied that…
不可否认 • It is estimated that…
Wrongs must be righted when they are distorted.
发现了错误一定要改正。
X-ray examination of the chest and heart should be routinely performed.
胸部和心脏x射线检查应（被）列为常规。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
• It is reported that… 据报道；据报告说
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法 练习
[ <]
exercises
1. A new student is kept on probation for one semester.
2. With the outbreak of the war, flights were stepped up.
在昨夜的暴风雨中，我家的屋顶遭到了破坏。
Two-thirds of the area are covered with immense forests of pine, spruce and birch.
面积的三分之二由广阔的松林、云杉林和白桦林
所覆盖。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
The cyclist was knocked down by a truck.
[<]
被动句处理方法
1. 仍译为被动句，但注意被动词的灵活性。 被、受、得、由、让、予以、加以
I hope that the resolution of the General Assembly will at last be respected by member states and by Israel in particular.
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法 练习
[<]
10. I am afraid I shall be laughed at. 11. The workers were seen repairing the machine. 12. Hitler was also washed away by the storms of history. 13. My first thirty years were spent in Western America. 14. Eventually, of course, the plan was abandoned. 15. But the match could not be stopped with bullets now. 16. The ship was destined for London. 17. Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small
人们断言 • It is asserted that…
有人主张（断定） • It is understood that…
人们理解；不用说
• It must be realized that… 必须了解（认识、明 白）
• It is said that… 据说；一般认为
• It is suggested that… 有人建议
世界杯比赛期间，街上挤满了球迷。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
Large quantities of fuel are used by modern industry.
现代工业耗用大量燃料。
Your car was towed away by a towing truck from Lewis Company.
那部科幻小说是我的一个朋友译成中文的。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
4. 译成无主句
All the data available should be collected and studied with care before one works at a theory.
在制定理论前，（）应该认真地搜集和研究所有的 数据资料。
3. Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily, only a few questions of secondary importance remain to be discussed.
4. This liquid became mixed with the salt at room temperature.
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
被动语态的翻译
The man was beaten by the police. 那个人被/让/叫警察打了。 那个人挨了警察一顿打。
1. 英汉两种语言中都存在被动语态,但汉语中表 被动的词较多。如：受，遭，叫，让
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
2. 英语中被动语态使用空间广阔，而汉语中相对狭 窄。主要原因在于： A.汉语句子中可以没有主语，即：无主句。 B.汉语中表被动的词可以省略。
那个骑车人让一辆卡车撞到了。
The design will beபைடு நூலகம்examined by a special committee.
这项设计将由一个专门委员会予以审查。
Problems should be resolved in good time.
有问题要及时加以解决。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
能的定义为做功的能力。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
She hadn't been told Bette’s other name, or she’d forgotten it.
人家没告诉她贝蒂姓什么，要不然也许是她忘了。
If you are asked personal questions you need not answer them.
5. It should have been obvious that the plan would have to be scrapped.
6. After a while an agreement was arrived at. 7. A contingency plan was hastily drawn up. 8. A large sum of money has been put aside for that purpose. 9. A plan was needed to strike the enemy right where he lived.
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.
立功的人将受到奖励。
Our roof was damaged in last night’s storm.
路易斯公司的一辆拖车把你的汽车拖走了。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.
中国在四千年前发明了指南针。
Energy is defined as the ability to do work.
如果有人向你提出私人的问题，你尽可不答。
句子翻译（二） ——语态变换法
[<]
3. 译为判断句
The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.
美国的学分制是1782年在哈佛大学首先实施的。
The science fiction has been translated into Chinese by a friend of mine.
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法 练习答案
[<]
• 1.新学生规定要见习一个学期。 • 2.随着战争的爆发，飞行日益增加。 • 3.大部分问题已经圆满的解决了，只剩下几个次要问题需要
讨论。 • 4.这液体在室温下和盐混合了。 • 5.本来就很明显，这项计划得一笔勾销。 • 6.过了一会，达成了协议。 • 7.匆匆忙忙拟定了一个应急计划。 • 8.已经为那桩事拨了一大笔款项。 • 9.必须有一个袭击敌人所在地的计划。
Translation of Sentences II
Contents
• 语态变换法 • 拆译法 • 合句法
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
the change of the voices（语态变换法）
Among the eight translation techniques, there exist one called “the change of the voices”. Actually, the passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese, especially in the writing of science and technology. In the sentences in which the doers are not necessarily told or known, the passive voice is used. And sometimes for the sake of connection of the context, there occurs the passive voice. Since the passive structure seldom appears in Chinese, many passive sentences in English have to be turned into active sentences in Chinese. In fact, a translator tries to render the passive sentences into Chinese active sentences as many as possible. But the version must be made idiomatic and smooth, not ambiguous or abstruse. This is a problem which is worth our attention.
[<]
2. 译为主动句，但需要注意主语的选择。 The Novel A Dream of Red Mansions has been
translated in to many foreign languages.
小说《红楼梦》已译成许多外国文字。
During the World Cup the streets were filled with football fans.
Helsinki became a flourishing port, and an university was founded at Turku.
赫尔辛基变成了一个繁荣的港口，（）在图尔库还 简称一所大学。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
• 5.习惯译法
It is generally accepted that… 一般认为；大家公认 • It is alleged that…
据估计（推算） • It has been found that…
已经发现；实践证明
• It must be kept in mind that… 必须记住
• It is known that… 众所周知；大家知道
• It has been objected that… 有人反驳
• It is predicted that… 据估计；据预计
drops of water in the sky. 18. She was blamed for everything her sisters did. 19. Every country was visited by the worst drought in 60 years. 20. Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
• It is believed that… 据信；人们（大家）相信 • It is claimed that… 有人（人们）主张；人们要
求 • It is declared that…
据宣称；人们宣称 • It cannot be denied that…
不可否认 • It is estimated that…
Wrongs must be righted when they are distorted.
发现了错误一定要改正。
X-ray examination of the chest and heart should be routinely performed.
胸部和心脏x射线检查应（被）列为常规。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
• It is reported that… 据报道；据报告说
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法 练习
[ <]
exercises
1. A new student is kept on probation for one semester.
2. With the outbreak of the war, flights were stepped up.
在昨夜的暴风雨中，我家的屋顶遭到了破坏。
Two-thirds of the area are covered with immense forests of pine, spruce and birch.
面积的三分之二由广阔的松林、云杉林和白桦林
所覆盖。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
The cyclist was knocked down by a truck.
[<]
被动句处理方法
1. 仍译为被动句，但注意被动词的灵活性。 被、受、得、由、让、予以、加以
I hope that the resolution of the General Assembly will at last be respected by member states and by Israel in particular.
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法 练习
[<]
10. I am afraid I shall be laughed at. 11. The workers were seen repairing the machine. 12. Hitler was also washed away by the storms of history. 13. My first thirty years were spent in Western America. 14. Eventually, of course, the plan was abandoned. 15. But the match could not be stopped with bullets now. 16. The ship was destined for London. 17. Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small
人们断言 • It is asserted that…
有人主张（断定） • It is understood that…
人们理解；不用说
• It must be realized that… 必须了解（认识、明 白）
• It is said that… 据说；一般认为
• It is suggested that… 有人建议
世界杯比赛期间，街上挤满了球迷。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
Large quantities of fuel are used by modern industry.
现代工业耗用大量燃料。
Your car was towed away by a towing truck from Lewis Company.
那部科幻小说是我的一个朋友译成中文的。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
4. 译成无主句
All the data available should be collected and studied with care before one works at a theory.
在制定理论前，（）应该认真地搜集和研究所有的 数据资料。
3. Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily, only a few questions of secondary importance remain to be discussed.
4. This liquid became mixed with the salt at room temperature.
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
被动语态的翻译
The man was beaten by the police. 那个人被/让/叫警察打了。 那个人挨了警察一顿打。
1. 英汉两种语言中都存在被动语态,但汉语中表 被动的词较多。如：受，遭，叫，让
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
2. 英语中被动语态使用空间广阔，而汉语中相对狭 窄。主要原因在于： A.汉语句子中可以没有主语，即：无主句。 B.汉语中表被动的词可以省略。
那个骑车人让一辆卡车撞到了。
The design will beபைடு நூலகம்examined by a special committee.
这项设计将由一个专门委员会予以审查。
Problems should be resolved in good time.
有问题要及时加以解决。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
能的定义为做功的能力。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
She hadn't been told Bette’s other name, or she’d forgotten it.
人家没告诉她贝蒂姓什么，要不然也许是她忘了。
If you are asked personal questions you need not answer them.
5. It should have been obvious that the plan would have to be scrapped.
6. After a while an agreement was arrived at. 7. A contingency plan was hastily drawn up. 8. A large sum of money has been put aside for that purpose. 9. A plan was needed to strike the enemy right where he lived.