2023年虚拟语气与续写新高考英语读后续写提分技能

2023年新高考英语读后续写提分技能
2.03 虚拟语气与续写
1
人类具有现实思维和虚拟思维的认知能力，这些认知能力通过言语表达式反映出来，而时和体是反映思维的言语形式之一。

换言之，时和体的多义性是表达现实思维和虚拟思维的需要，而思维在现实和虚拟之间的转换又是凸显不同主观性的需要。

例如，叙事作品中用现在时描述假想的、虚幻的事件，思维发生在想象的空间，与思维时间发生别离，动词失去时态功能，即任何读者在任意时间阅读，阅读时间和作品中的事件时间没有任何关系。

这里现在时的虚拟性优势在于，可以使任何读者在任意时间阅读时都可以产生“身临其境〞的效果。

虚拟语气是英语中常用的表达方法，以其表达的委婉性和语用功能的丰富性在交际活动中发挥了非常重要的作用。

恰当地使用它，可以起到较好的修辞效果。

无论语法著作还是英语教学都应将其语用功能放在重要的位置，英语学习者在学习时也必须重视其语用功能的学习和掌握。

现代社会人们追求自我，越来越重视个人隐私和权利，也会尊重别人的隐私和权利。

虚拟语气是通过语法手段来表达出对别人的尊敬或尽量使自己的语气委婉、客气的效果。

人们使用虚拟语气，多数情况是因为表达者的语用目的，而不是简单表达一个相反的事实。

说话者一般都是借助这个“虚拟情况〞委婉表达一个言外之意，到达一个特定的交流目的，在很大程度上防止出现为难处境。

例如：
If I had enough money, I would help you. (如果我有足够的钱，我就会援助你。

)
这句话的真正含义是I will not help you. 通过使用If 条件句，help的行为便成了一种假设的虚拟行为。

听话者从该条件可以自己推断出这样的结论：我可能不帮你。

说话者采取的这种积极态度，尽管隐含了一种拒绝援助的意义，但听话者在心理上更简单接受。

由此我们可以看出，虚拟语气能够表达其他任何语气所无法取代的丰富的感情色彩。

在英语教学中，教师不能只给学生讲解和排列哪些句型需要使用虚拟语气，而应该结合不同的语法表达形式分析其语用特点。

特别是在阅读与写作中，英语学习者在学习过程中除了要很好地理解和掌握他的语法形式以外，更要了解它丰富灵敏的语用功能。

只有这样，才能体会虚拟语气所隐含的感情，也才能使用虚拟语气表达自己丰富多彩的内心世界。

虚拟语气的形式多种多样，在写作特别是读后续写所提供的语境中，虚拟语气能够表达其他任何语气所无法取代的丰富的感情色彩，学生可以依据人物不同的心理需求，在不同的语境中恰当地运用虚拟语气可以更好地表达出不同的感情色彩，发挥其缩小心理文化差异的语用功能。

心理文化差异的大小直接决定
交流双方对言语的理解意愿和交流方法，学习虚拟语气不仅要掌握其根本的语法形式，还要理解其强大的语用功能。

因此，在读后续写学习中，学生要注意分析、体会虚拟语气所隐含的感情内容，才能巧妙地运用虚拟语气表达故事中人物丰富多彩的内心世界，从而能够较好地缩小交际双方的心理文化差异，推进作者、语篇与学生等互动交际活动得以有效开展。

2
在读后续写的心理描写中，恰当运用虚拟语气，可以委婉地表达主人公的某种感情，使人物形象更生动，增强文章的可读性。

(一)“if X..., X... 〞表达纠结的心情
例如：2023 河北张家口第—次质检题
If I shouldn’t go back on time, the king would kill my friend. If I hadn’t fallen from the horse and got hurt, I would have got to the destination on time. 要是我不准时回去，国王会杀了我的朋友。

如果我没有从马上摔下来并受了伤，我也早就按时到达目的地了。

（分析）主人公向国王承诺准时回去，假设违背诺言，国王会杀死主人公的朋友。

但因为主人公从马上摔下来，受伤了，这一路就耽误了时间。

这时就需要虚拟语气来做出非真实的假设了，表达了主人公矛盾的感情纠结。

以上两个虚拟条件句，前者表示与将来情况相反的假设，后者表示与过去情况相反的假设。

(二)“Without/But for...〞表示感谢之情
例如：2023 广州七校联考题
Without /But for mom’s encouragement, I wouldn’t have be- come a successful narrator in the competition. 如果没有妈妈的鼓舞，在比赛中我不可能成为一个成功的讲解员。

（分析）经过学校的故事大赛，我意识到什么角色都有其优点和重要性。

后来，我一直继续做好讲解员的角色，层层突破，在地区小有名气。

这时用虚拟语气来表达对妈妈的感激之情。

(三)“If only...〞表示强列的心愿
例如：2023 届浙江慈溪中学测试题
If only I had been the 3rd runner who had got to the finish line.要是我是第3位到达终点线的跑步者该多好啊！
（分析）我摔倒后继续往前跑，到达终点线，发觉自己与第三名擦肩而过，不能获得我心仪的奖品。

这时用虚拟语气来表达与过去事实相反的情况，强调心愿。

(四)固定句型表示懊悔或遗憾
1. 可用How X wished that ... had (not) done sth
例如：2023 山东泰安期中真题
How Timmy wished that he hadn’t been so rude to his coach. Timmy 多么期望之前没有那么粗鲁的对待教练啊！
（分析）Timmy 一直是球队的主力，不愿把球传给别人。

他不仅不听教练的劝导，而且由于态度恶劣，被取消参加区里比赛的资格。

他同妈妈交流后，意识到以前自己的错误。

这时就需要虚拟语气来表达他懊悔的感情。

2. 可用X.+谓语, wishing that...
例如：2023 广州七校联考题
I was rooted on the ground due to being frightened, wishing that I had refused my mother’s advice yesterday. 我由于恐惧愣在那里，真期望我昨天拒绝妈妈的建议。

（分析）我一直不接受自己做故事的讲解员这个角色，但在妈妈的劝导下，我还是参加了学校的故事大赛。

中途出现了感情的纠结，懊悔参加了比赛。

这时需要用虚拟语气来表达懊悔。

(五)“as if...〞表达形象生动
例如：2023 年浙江测试题
The glasses dropped into the river, as if the water had swallowed them. 眼镜掉到河里，好似水已经吞噬了它。

（分析）主人公兄弟俩跟爸爸在深林里的一条河边走着，突然爸爸摔了一跤，眼镜掉到河里，兄弟俩连忙去找，但由于河水汹涌，找不到。

这时就需要用虚拟语气来描述河中水流的凶狠。

此句型也是比喻的写作手法。

3
A
(2023·山东枣庄·模拟预测)阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

A Christmas Tree for Mrs Mueller
Mrs Mueller was our next-door neighbor when my sister Laurel and I were growing up. She moved here after
her huXand died. She had no children and no relatives that we knew of. She was gentle and kind, and Laurel and I considered her our special friend.
One December, Mrs Mueller was ill in hospital. Laurel and I were busy making Christmas presents, and we pondered what to make for Mrs Mueller. We couldn’t bear seeing her come home before Christmas to an empty house with no holiday decorations. Then we lit upon the idea of decorating a small tree that would greet her with lights and cheer. We were wondering how to carry out our plan when the answer appeared.
I was in Miss O’Keefe’s sixth grade class that year, and we decorated a small tree with paper-link chains and ornaments we’d made in art class. It was beautiful. Best of all, it had to be removed from the classroom before Christmas vacation.
Miss O’Keefe said there would be a drawing for the tree. We’d each write our name on a piece of paper and put it in the box she had prepared. On the last day of school before vacation, she’d draw a name from the box, and that student could take the tree home.
Great! That was exactly what I was longing for! So I wrote my name “Helen Wheeler〞neatly on a piece of paper and folded it carefully. As I put it into the box, I whispered to Miss O’Keefe that I really hoped I’d win the tree because my sister and I wanted to give it to our neighbor. Though there were 30 children in the class and each might win the tree, I was somehow certain that I would get it because our cause was good: We wanted to make Mrs Mueller happy.
The day before vacation finally arrived. Laurel and I usually walked to and from school, but that day I persuaded Mom to pick us up in her car after school in case I really got the tree.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Before school was over, Miss O’Keefe announced it was time for the drawing.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ The next evening we welcomed Mrs Mueller back at her door.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
源语篇语气与情态分析导引
句子语气与情态分析
As I put it into the box, I whispered to Miss O’Keefe that I really hoped I’d win the tree because my sister and I wanted to give it to our neighbor. 动词whisper, hope,want表达了人物的心愿，再现了人物对赢得那棵树的期待。

Laurel and I usually walked to and from school, but that day I persuaded Mom to pick us up in her car after school in case I really got the tree. 动词persuade以及连接词in case表达了人物心情之迫切，且对赢得那棵树信心十足。

（答案）
Before school was over, Miss O’Keefe announced it was time for the drawing. My heart pounded as Miss O’ Keefe put her hand into the box and drew one folded piece of paper out. Then she unfolded the paper. looked at it and announced. “Helen has won the tree!〞I was beside myself with excitement! And I’ll never forget the astonishment on my mother’s face as my sister and I carried the tree to her car. Since Mom had a key to Mrs Mueller’s house, we took the tree straight to her living room and set it up on a table. It looked so beautiful!
The next evening we welcomed Mrs Mueller back at her door. She slowly made her way into the house and turned on the lights. Greeted by the sparkling Christmas tree. Mrs Mueller was rooted to the spot, looking surprised. Then a sweet smile appeared on her face and tears welled up in her eyes. “Thank you so much. she said softly. While Laurel and I were excitedly recounting the story. it suddenly dawned on me that Miss O’ Keefe had helped me in a secret way: Though she had announced my name, she never showed anyone what was written on that piece of paper!
（写作解析）本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了米勒夫人是作者妹妹劳蕾尔和作者小时候的邻居，米勒夫人住院了，于是作者决定在圣诞节的时候给她安排屋子。

作者最后用抽到的圣诞树安排了米勒夫人的屋子，米勒夫人非常感激。

1.段落续写：
①由第—段首句内容“放学前，奥基夫老师宣布该抽签了。

〞可知，第—段可描写作者他们抽到圣诞树的经过。

②由第二段首句内容“第二天晚上，我们在米勒夫人的门口迎接她。

〞可知，第二段可描写米勒夫人看到圣诞树的反响以及作者反响过来老师秘密援助了自己。

2.续写线索：宣布抽签——抽到圣诞树——安排圣诞树——米勒夫人回家——米勒夫人感激——作者感想
3.词汇激活
行为类：(1)跳动：pound/beat；(2)翻开：unfold/open；(3)出现：appear/show up
情绪类：(1)漂亮：beautiful /pretty；(2)惊讶：surprised / astonishment/ amazed
（典型句式）
句型1Since Mom had a key to Mrs Mueller’s house, we took the tree straight to her living room and set it up on a table. (运用了since引导原因状语从句)
句型2Though she had announced my name, she never showed anyone what was written on that piece of paper! (运用了though引导让步状语从句)
B
1．(2023·广东茂名·模拟预测)阅读下面材料, 依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Light a lamp and we can warm a heart. Terry was a middle-aged leather trader whose repeated failure in career made him a depressed man, often complaining that he had been cheated by others and cursed his own misfortune. Having stayed in the city for years, he thought he accomplished nothing.
One day, he told his wife he was so disappointed with the city that he had to leave it immediately. So, his family moved to another city, which he thought would bring good fortune to him. However, it was not easy for people to move to another place, for they had to handle quantities of stuffs and encounter many strangers. The whole family reached there in the evening of a weekend, with their clothes almost wet. It was a tough rainy night. The wind was howling dreadfully and the rain was pouring from the heaven, beating against the branches of lined trees on the road. The world was swallowed with a sea of darkness. Tired and wet, they didn’t have time to have supper. Terry and his wife were busily tidying up their new home when the light suddenly went out. Worse still, the sudden darkness scared his children to cry immediately. Terry’s wife hurried to hug them to ease their tension. Terry was regretful to have forgotten to bring along candles and had to wait helplessly in a low mood.
Just then, he heard heavy but hesitant knocks on his door that could be clearly heard in the thundering night. Instantly, all the family were totally silent, for they were all curious about the knocks. “Who’s it〞Terry asked, since they were newcomers to this city there must be nobody who knew them. Tired and busy, he especially hated to be disturbed at the moment, so he dragged his legs slowly to the door and opened it impatiently. Actually, Terry
didn’t realize his negative behavior would have a bad effect on his children at all! Outside the window, the wind and the thundering ruled the world entirely in their power.
注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1：At the door was a little girl with wet raincoat and sparkling eyes.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2：After a while, the door was knocked again.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （答案）
At the door was a little girl with wet raincoat and sparkling eyes.She shyly asked, “Sir, do you have candles I’m your neighbor.〞“No, I had nothing.〞answered Terry in anger and shut the door violently. “What an annoying person!〞he complained over it that no sooner had he settled down than the neighbor came to borrow things. His wife and children just stood by the door, not daring to say a word or open the door. Then, they heard the girl running away.
After a while, the door was knocked again. He opened it and found the same girl outside. But this time she was holding two candles, saying, “I thought you might need candles so I’m here to give you these.〞All the family were very surprised by what they saw and heard. At that moment, Terry suddenly realized what caused his failure in life. It was his coldness and indifference with others. The person who had cheated him in life was nobody else but himself, for his eyes had been ruled by his unsympathetic mind. Guilty, he was determined to be always generous to others and teach his children to be so from then on. (178words)
2．(2023·山东青岛·二模)阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

My family lived in a tiny apartment in Hoboken, New Jersey. Every December my mom spread the word to anyone alone on Christmas Eve that she would be having an open house. My mom believed that no one should be alone during the holidays. If she could, she probably would have put an advertisement in the paper inviting the
world.
As it was, our tiny apartment was stuffed, every room but my bedroom filled with partying adults on Christmas Eve. Sleep was impossible, but I tried to fall asleep anyway because Santa would not leave gifts for children who were awake. As I lay in bed, I wondered how Santa would even know I was asleep amid all the laughter and how he could sneak in and leave gifts with all those people around.
The Christmas Eve Open-House tradition continued. When I was 8 years old, we moved to the suburb, where we got to live in a lovely, one-bedroom apartment. That first Christmas there, my mom invited anyone she met who she learned would be alone on Christmas Eve一neighbors, co-workers, shop girls, the postman...the list went on.
The next year, a new neighbor moved in next door. His name was George, and he was an older gentleman. He always nodded a greeting when he saw us. It was around Thanksgiving when we saw him park in his space near ours. We were bringing in groceries, and my mom asked him if he had plans for the.holiday. When he said no, and he would spend it alone, my mom mentioned her open house on Christmas Eve.
“Please join us,〞I said. He was already shaking his head no.
“But mom’s apple pie is really inviting.〞
“I won’t be good company, I’m afraid,〞he said. “I lost my wife a few months ago.〞His eyes were fill with tears and he turned away. “Thank you anyway!〞he called. He went into his apartment and quickly closed the door.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

I felt a bit down and decided to do something.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________
Our friendship began, and soon Christmas Eve arrived.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________
（答案）
I felt a bit down and decided to do something. I proposed to my mom that she could make her reputable apple pie so that I could send George some to sample. Of course, my warm-hearted mom immediately sprang into action and made a whole plate in kitchen. As I packed the pie into the box, my mom took out an album, in which photos were neatly arranged and showed our previous gathering with our neighbors, acquaintances and friends. My mom left a short note, which read ‘Please do join our in Christmas!’ As I knocked George’s door and handed him the pie together with the album, George was dumbfounded and I could see tears in his eyes as he choked out a shaky thank you.
Our friendship began, and soon Christmas Eve arrived. As we met George in the yard, my mom asked tentatively, “George, have you received my note〞Nodding his head, he beamed a faint smile as if he were still concerned that he might be a wet blanket in the party. “Come on, and I will make tons of apple pie this time.〞My mother winked shyly, to which George chuckled a bit. “Oh, I couldn’t say no because the pie is simply brilliant.〞he replied in a laughing tone. At his positive answer, my mom and I gave each other an exhilarating high-five as we would welcome another lonely soul this year, who would definitely be struck by our heartwarming party and thus regain his faith to continue living with enthusiasm and confidence.
高考材料。