高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)专项训练及答案含解析

高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)专项训练及答案含解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳
选项。

When we see a person in trouble, the first idea that comes to our mind is to lend a hand. But what if we see an animal in trouble, does the same rule apply?
This question was raised after a group of penguins were saved from an icy gully (峡谷) in Antarctica. It was filmed for the BBC wildlife series Dynasties. The film crew were anxious when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young. They built a slope (斜坡) so that a few of the penguins could save themselves.
The case has taken the international media by storm. Viewers watching this film let out a sigh
of relief. "I'm so glad. I understand not taking action directly, but a helping hand isn't bothering, right?" viewer Kathryn Shaw said on her Facebook.
However, others think human interference (干涉) is unnatural. "You can't have sunshine throughout your life. To have done anything else would only make matters worse," said the show's creator David Attenborough, according to The Times.
In this case, however, Mike Gunton, the executive producer of the series, said that this was a one-off situation. "There were no animals going to suffer by interfering. You weren't touching the animals and it was just felt by doing this... they had the chance not to have to keep slipping down
the slope," he told the BBC.
Such cases are familiar to Paul Nicklen, wildlife photographer for National Geographic. He told Metro, "If it's ever a predator (捕食者) situation, no matter how gut-wrenching, you stay out of
the way. Even when you're watching a male polar bear eat a baby bear."
"There's no rule book in those situations. You can only respond to the facts that are right there
in front of you," Will Lawson, the show's director, told Daily Mail.
（1）What has led to a heated media discussion?
A.People's various remarks on penguins.
B.The rescue of penguins from a gully.
C.Some penguins' sufferings in a gully.
D.Ways of filming the series Dynasties.
（2）Who holds a positive attitude towards human interference?
A.Kathryn Shaw.
B.Will Lawson.
C.Paul Nieklen.
D.David Attenborough.
（3）Which of the following best explains the word "gut-wrenching" underlined in paragraph 6?
A.Putting one in place.
B.Making one confused.
C.Putting one in danger.
D.Making one heartbroken.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Reasons for the Necessity of Lending a Hand to Animals
B.Suggestions on How to Protect Animals From Danger
C.Effects of Human Interference on Dangerous Animals
D.Opinions on Whether to Help Animals in Trouble or Not
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当动物们面临危险时，我们是否要伸出援救之手，以及如何去保护它们脱险。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“The film crew we re anxious when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young. They built a slope （斜坡）so that a few of the penguins could save themselves.”和第三段中的“The case has taken the international media by storm”可知，从峡谷中救出企鹅这一事件引起了大家的热议。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“I'm so glad. I understand not taking action directly, but a helping hand isn't bothering, right?" viewer Kathryn Shaw said on her Facebook.”可知，她对帮助动物是很赞成的，故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据上文大家对干涉动物的行为有不同观点，再结合下文的“you stay out of the way. Even when you're watching a male polar bear eat a baby bear."可知，此句句意为：如果这是个捕食的情景，无论你是多么的心碎，你都不能干预。

结合四个选项可知，此处用Making one heartbroken（心碎）最合句意。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文就救助企鹅的视频引发的热议讲述了当动物面临危险时，我们如何伸出援助之手给出了一些建议。

因此，本文的最佳标题应为“若何保护动物脱险的建议”。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

My two- and four-year-old boys love to win, whether they're racing their bikes down the sidewalk or just finishing their snacks. It's true that those with high status, from world leaders and prize winners to athletes and movie stars, are people we like and respect. A recent study published in Nature Human Behaviour showed that we seem to have an innate (天生的) preference for high-ranking peoples—but only if those people aren't hurtful toward others.
Researchers showed toddlers (aged 21 to 31 months) a scene where two puppets (木偶) approached one another from opposite sides of a stage and one bowed to let the other pass first. Asked which puppet they liked better, 18 of the 21 toddlers in the experiment reached for the
puppet who had been allowed to pass. Because respect from others is a marker of status, this suggests that children have a preference for those with a higher status—even before age three. However, the results were quite different when two puppets approached one another and one used force to knock the other down before continuing to the other side. In this case, 18 of the 21 toddlers reached for the one who was knocked down. As the researchers concluded, "When approaching others, very young children care not only who wins, but also how." The previous experiment has shown that toddlers know about social status, but this experiment went one step further by proving they have an obvious preference for high status. Since the participants were so young, this might even be an innate human preference.
In a word, this new research suggests that young children appreciate people who do well while at the same time doing good to others. So, when my four-year-old thinks that he has to get his shoes on first, I'll keep reminding him that helping his brother so they both finish faster is what winning is all about.
（1）What do we tend to do according to the first paragraph?
A.Seek challenges all the time.
B.Admire high-ranking people.
C.Take advantage of high status.
D.Hurt others with offensive words.
（2）Why did toddlers prefer the puppet allowed to pass?
A.It looked adorable.
B.It behaved smartly.
C.It seemed polite.
D.It was respected.
（3）What can we infer from the latter study?
A.Slower people are better loved by toddlers.
B.People naturally dislike unkind behavior.
C.Toddlers care little about high social status.
D.Being helpful contributes to being supported.
（4）What should we do when we encourage children to win?
A.Instruct them to use proper and creative ways.
B.Advise them to be as hardworking as possible.
C.Remind them to be considerate to other people.
D.Tell them to try to cooperate with someone else.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们更倾向于喜欢和尊敬地位高而又无害于他人的人，这似乎是一种天性，即使是蹒跚学步的孩子也是如此。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“A recent study published in Nature Human Behavi our showed that we seem to have an innate（天生的）preference for high-ranking peoples—but
only if those people aren't hurtful toward others.”可知，我们更倾向于敬佩那些地位高的人。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Asked which puppet they liked better, 18 of the 21 toddlers in the experiment reached for the puppet who had been allowed to pass. Because respect from others is a marker of status, this suggests that children have a preference for those with a higher status—even before age three.”可知，蹒跚学步的孩子喜欢那个被允许通过的木偶，是因为这种行为代表着受人尊敬，孩子们更喜欢受尊敬的人。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“In this case, 18 of the 21 toddlers reached for the one who was knocked down.和Since the participants were so young, this might even be an innate human preference.”可知，孩子们会走向被撞倒的人，而由于孩子太小，甚至可能是人类与生俱来的偏好。

由此可推断出，人们天生不喜欢不友善的行为。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“In a word, this new research suggests that young children appreciate people who do well while at the same time doing good to others.”可知，孩子欣赏那些在做好事的同时表现出色的人。

由此可推断出，我们鼓励孩子去赢的同时，提醒他们要体谅他人。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

The clock always seems to be ticking rather too fast in the doctor's office and the queue of patients outside the door seems to be pressing rather too hard. Some say it's high time for the model of short, sharp one-to-one appointments to give way to shared medical appointments (SMAs共享医疗预约).
SMAs are doctor-patient visits in which a group of patients receive patient education and counseling (咨询), physical examination and medical support in a group setting. Typically SMAs are designed to have one or more doctors attend to a group of patients who share a common illness or medical condition. In contrast to one-to-one visits, SMAS provide a longer appointment time-frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their physicians and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers.
However, doctors who have pioneered the shared appointment approach report that there are significant challenges involved. Dr. Sumego, director of shared medical appointments, Cleveland Clinic, identifies culture change as the most significant challenge. Physicians and nurses are trained in a model of personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challenge to those fixed ideas. They need shared goals and a way of testing the innovation against agreed standards. Dr. Sumego says, "The physicians may be worried about the possible chaos and efficiencies that are marketed. They also have to make the patients understand what their appointment is, and what the expectation is."
"So, if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments, I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians, develop the work-flow and develop some experience. Provide some support behind what that best practice should look like. Create some
standards so that, as the concept spreads, you can employ that experience to start the next shared medical appointments and the next."
（1）What is the purpose of the SMA approach?
A. To improve medical service.
B. To promote doctors' reputation.
C. To conduct medical research.
D. To meet patients' expectation.
（2）According to Dr. Sumego, what prevents the SMA approach from being widely adopted?
A. Personal service.
B. Fixed ideas.
C. Lack of equipment.
D. Shared goals.
（3）What can the underlined "buy-in" in Paragraph 4 be replaced by?
A. practice
B. organization
C. purchase
D. support
（4）What can be learned about the SMA approach in the last paragraph?
A. It is currently being questioned.
B. It is impractical in some areas.
C. It will enjoy wide popularity soon.
D. It should be carried out step by step.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了SMAs (共享医疗预约) 模式，以及这种模式
面临的挑战。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“In contrast to one-to-one visits, SMA provide a longer appointment time-frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their physicians and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers.”可知SMAs模
式为患者提供了更长的预约时间，也为患者提供了更好地与医生接触的机会，同时还能从
同行那里获得额外的信息和支持。

这说明SAMs的出现是为患者提供更好的医疗服务。

故
选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Dr. Sumego, director of shared medi cal appointments, Cleveland Clinic, …… personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challenge to those fixed ideas.”可知Dr. Sumego认为，文化转变是最大的挑战。

医生和护士接受的是
针对个人服务和隐私的培训; SMAs方法是对这些固定想法的根本挑战。

也就是说，改变这
些已经固定的想法是一种挑战，所以这些固定的想法会阻碍SMAs模式的推广，故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据最后一段中的“if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments，I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians”
可知如果一个组织要寻求共享医疗模式的话，Dr. Sumego建议他们从一些优秀的医师开始
他们的buy-in，根据语境，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“So, if an organ ization was looking to start shared medical appointments, I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians, develop the… appointments and the next.”可知如果一个组织要开始SMAs，Dr. Sumego建议
他们从一些优秀的医师开始，开发一些流程，积累一些经验。

制定一些标准，以便随着概念的推广，他们可以利用这种经验开始下一次共享医疗预约然后将下次的经验用到下下次。

这说明SMAs的实施需要一步一步来，不会一步到位。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
Stocky, slow-moving whale, rarely grows beyond 15 metres in length
Flippers are a third of body length; variable dorsal fin size and shape; saw-toothed trailing edge on flukes, often raised when diving
Bumpy tubercles on top of head
Body colour is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition
Bushy blow, occasionally V-shaped
270-400 olive baleen plates
Humpback whales belong to the rorqual (groove-throated) family, which includes fin, sei, Bryde's, minke and blue whales. The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas. Once common in New Zealand waters, humpbacks are now rarely seen and may migrate further offshore. Males compete for mates either by physical fight or by song. Females give birth to their young every two to three years; some non-breeding females probably remain in the southern waters during winter. Young humpback whales return to their area of birth but in later life some wander between breeding areas. Humpbacks eat small shrimps and other schooling prey, such as fish, forming small, cooperative groups of two to three individuals to feed. Similar species: Easily identifiable due to a 'hump' back when submerging, but at a distance may be confused with other species that raise their flukes when diving, such as sperm, right and blue whales.
Protection status: Recovering well from past whaling and now numerous in some former
migration and aggregation areas, rarely seen in others.
（1）Which of the following is TRUE about humpback whales?
A. Their long flippers vary in length, size and shape like dorsal fin.
B. They are large and likely to grow longer than 15 metres.
C. The different colors and patterns of the body help to be recognized.
D. Their bumpy tubercles and blowholes are on both sides of head.
（2）Which of the following can be inferred from this article's description of humpback whales' migration?
A. They need warmer waters to breed.
B. They can't survive in extreme cold.
C. They find plentiful food in tropical waters.
D. They are mostly hunted in New Zealand waters.
（3）This article is mainly intended to .
A. explain why humpbacks are still hunted in some parts of the world
B. introduce how humpbacks migrate through some dangerous waters
C. popularize the basic knowledge of humpbacks and call for protection
D. help distinguish humpbacks from other similar species
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖、喂养等生活习性等，并呼吁大家保护它。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第四个小点后的一段"Body color is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition"可知，座头鲸体色由深棕色至黑色，脚蹼、身体底部和尾鳍上通常是大面积的白色；这样的图案使单个的座头鲸很容易被识别。

分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五个小黑点后面的"The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas." 座头鲸这个大家族在冬季的热带繁殖区（西北大陆架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亚、瓦努阿图、斐济、汤加）和夏季南极喂养区之间迁徙。

可知，座头鲸在热带地区繁殖。

冬季的热带繁殖区，是温暖的地方。

可知座头鲸需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。

本文主要对座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖喂养等生活习性等作了介绍，并呼吁大家保护意识。

所以本文目的是普及有关座头鲸的知识，并对它们加以保护。

分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．犇犇阅读理解
In areas like the Central United States that get lots of tornadoes, there's a common piece of
celestial （天上的）fortune-telling that green skies mean a tornado is on its way. Research has shown that it isn't quite as simple as that, but scientists have found that if you see a green sky, you should probably go inside. As far as most scientists can tell, the green skies around powerful thunderstorms are usually a combination of red sunsets and water droplets.
Daytime skies are blue because blue shorter wavelengths of visible light tend to bounce off （反射）air molecules better than red longer wavelength light. So the blue light gets bounced all over the sky and looks like it's coming from everywhere. Meanwhile, around sunset sunlight travels through so much atmosphere that just about all the blue is bounced away from the horizon, leaving all those reds and oranges behind. The sunset might look exclusively （独有的）red and orange, but there's still some green and even blue light hidden in there, just far less than the other colors. But for us to notice the remaining green light, it needs to hit something that reflects green light much better than red. That's where water comes in.
Big tall threatening storm clouds are made of water droplets, and even though water is best at reflecting blue light, it can still reflect green pretty well, much better than reds and oranges, so under just the right conditions, the water in and around a cloud can bounce the green light hidden in the sunset right into our eyes making the sky look green.
Still, none of the conditions that can turn skies green are unique to the clouds that produce tornadoes. Sometimes they just lead to lots of rain, and maybe some hail. So if you see huge storm clouds rolling in and a green tint （色调）in the sky, it doesn't necessarily mean there's about to be a tornado, but it does mean you should probably head indoors.
（1）What can be the best title for the text?
A. Why Do the Central United States Get Tornadoes
B. Do Green Skies Mean a Coming Tornado
C. A Common Piece of Celestial Fortune-telling
D. Green Skies Are Unique to Clouds
（2）Why are the skies blue in the daytime?
A. Because only blue light can be bounced in the daytime.
B. Because there is more blue light than light of other colors.
C. Because blue light is bounced all over the sky.
D. Because red light is weaker than blue light.
（3）What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The sunset.
B. Red light.
C. Blue light.
D. Water.
（4）What can we learn about from the text?
A. Storm clouds are made of water droplets and green light.
B. Water can reflect red light as well as blue light.
C. There are only red and orange lights in the sunsets.
D. If you see a green sky, there will be a tornado.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家发现天空呈现绿色并不是产生龙卷风的云层所独有的，有时它们会导致大量降雨，甚至冰雹，待在室内或许是最好的选择。

（1）考查主旨大意。

通读全文，根据第一段中的“there's a common piece of celestial （天上的）fortune-telling that green skies mean a tornado is on its way.”和最后一段中的“Still, none of the conditions that can turn skies green are unique to the clouds that produce tornadoes. Sometimes they just lead t o lots of rain, and maybe some hail.”可知，本文主要话题是关注绿色的天空是否意味着即将来临的龙卷风展开的，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Daytime skies are blue because blue shorter wavelengths of visible light tend to bounce off （反射）air molecules better than red longer wavelength light.”可知，白天天空是蓝色,因为蓝色短的波长的可见光会反射空气分子比红色的长波长光。

故选C。

（3）考查代词指代。

根据第二段中的“The sunset might look exclusively （独有的）red and orange, but there's still some green and even blue light hidden in there, just far less than the other colors.”可知，选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“But for us to noti ce the remaining green light, it needs to hit something that reflects green light much better than red. That's where water comes in.”可知，水既能反射蓝光，也能反射红光，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Escaping predators(食肉动物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.
In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive—an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. "We were surprised by the intensity of the changes we saw, how rapidly oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on marine ecosystems are," he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygen levels in some tropical (热带的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.
A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons: First, the warmer a liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it at depth.
Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies says. After all, he says, "they all have to breathe."
Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp(虾) move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of low oxygen than others are. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. "Any drop in oxygen is going to damage survivability and performance," he says.
（1）According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most?
A. The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean.
B. The survival of predators and various marine animals.
C. The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean.
D. The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.
（2）Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean?
A. Polar ice melting consumes much oxygen in the ocean.
B. Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.
C. The surface polar ice water prevents oxygen going down.
D. Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.
（3）What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals' natural territories.
B. Ocean acidification is more serious a problem than deoxygenation.
C. Not all ocean animals are bothered by the decreasing oxygen levels.
D. Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.
（4）Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. The Oxygen Levels of Marine Life
B. Ocean Warming Affects Food Web
C. The Survivability of Ocean Animals
D. The Ocean Is Running Out of Breath
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化有关的令人担忧的趋势。

同时介绍了海洋氧含量下降的原因以及对海洋生物的影响和对其生存的威胁。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygen levels in some tropical (热带的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent
globally."可知，对于科学家来说，变暖的海洋正在失去氧气并不奇怪，但这种下降的规模需要紧急关注。

一些最近的研究表明，在过去的50年里，一些热带地区的氧气含量下降了惊人的40%。

其他地区的降幅较小，全球平均降幅为2%。

所以根据前两段，科学家最担心的是变暖的海洋中日益恶化的脱氧现象。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的" as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it at depth."可知，当极地海冰融化时，它会在更冷、更咸的海水上形成一层水。

这个过程会形成一种冰盖，它可以防止水流将地表水混合到海洋更深的深度。

因为所有的氧气都进入了表面，所以较少的与海洋水的混合意味着更深的海洋含氧量更少。

所以表面的极地冰水阻止氧气下沉是海洋缺氧的原因之一。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的"Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food-scarce regions. "可知，然而，Oschlies和他所在领域的其他人发现，无论大小，海洋动物对氧气的微小变化都有反应，它们在较高的含氧区寻求庇护，或是调整行为。

这些调整可能使动物暴露在新的掠食者面前，或迫使它们进入食物匮乏的地区。

所以海洋中氧含量减少迫使动物离开自己的栖息地，去氧气含量较高的地区寻求庇护。

故判断出海洋脱氧改变了一些动物的自然领地。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，短文说明了海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化有关的令人担忧的趋势，海洋氧含量下降的原因以及对海洋生物的影响和对其生存的威胁。

所以短文主要是围绕着海洋氧含量下降而展开的。

故短文的最佳标题为"海洋快喘不过气来了"符合题意。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
It is the ideal way for traveler to ensure they wake up with the perfect view — a portable Eco-capsule that can be set up anywhere in the world. The egg-shaped pod (独立舱) ensures travelers can camp in the most extreme corners with all the luxury of a hotel room.
Looking like something in a sci-fi movie, the pod is equipped with solar panels, which guarantee solar energy as its power. In this way the tiny home can let you live comfortably wherever you travel. It even has its own shower and toilet, sleeping area for two, and a small kitchen. The 3,306 ib pods can be transported in a sea-container, meaning the possibilities are endless.
Bratislava-based Nice Architects are behind the extraordinary Eco-capsules and said they
initially designed them for people who stay in the nature for a long time. However, it quickly became apparent that they could be opened up to the wider public and even used in urban areas to fight against high rent and placed on roofs for studio space or living quarters. The Eco-capsule can serve as a cottage, a pop-up hotel or even as a charging station for electric cars.
The Eco-capsules could even be quickly imported for housing for emergency teams who have been quickly arranged to help with natural disasters. Described by the website as a "Swiss Army knife" — it packs everything you need, the self-contained unit can sustain long periods of time without external resources.
The 86 sqft pods are able to sleep two people for up to year and for those worried about a cold night's sleep, the Eco-capsule has a thick layer which significantly reduce heat loss.
The pod is designed to cope with extreme weather conditions due to its innovative (创新的) design and materials used. No wonder the Nice Architects are so confident about its future and the producers are receiving heavy orders.
（1）Where does the Eco-capsule get power?
A. From a charging station.
B. From a portable battery.
C. From solar panels.
D. From electric cars.
（2）Whom may be the Eco-capsule initially designed for?
A. Astronauts.
B. Office ladies.
C. Homeless people.
D. Field biologists.（3）The Eco-capsule's users don't worry about coldness because _______.
A. it is a self-contained unit
B. it is equipped with a thick layer
C. it has a solar panel
D. it has an air conditioner
（4）How do the designers view the Eco-capsule's future market?
A. Optimistic.
B. Negative.
C. Worried.
D. Doubtful.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款便携式产品——Eco-capsule的功能、设计原理、大小、技术构造等情况。

该产品配有太阳能电池板和可伸缩的风力发电涡轮机为其提供太阳能和风能，可以让两个人同时入住，有良好的保暖效果。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的”Looking like something in a sci-fi movie, the pod is equipped with solar panels, which guarantee solar energy as its power.“看起来就像科幻电影里的某种东西，该产品里面装有太阳能电池板，保证太阳能作为它的动力。

可知该产品从太阳能板获得能量。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的”Bratislava-based Nice Architects are behind the extraordinary Eco-capsules and said they initially designed them for people who stay in the nature for a long time.“位于布拉迪斯拉发的尼斯建筑事务所是这些非凡的Eco-capsules的设计者，他们表示，最初是为长期生活在大自然中的人们设计的。

可知Eco-capsules是专门为野外生物学家设计的。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第六段中的”The 86 sqft pods are able to sleep two people for up to。