高一英语必修一Unit4Earthquakes知识点讲解和练习

高一英语必修一Unit4Earthquakes知识点讲解和练习4、 Earthquakes辅导目标重点掌握定语从句关系代词的用法；本次辅导的知识点分析重点1、只能用that不能用which引导定语从句的情况；2、只能用which不能用that引导定语从句的情况。

难点1、掌握与end搭配的常用短语；2、辨析：injury，hurt，harm与wound；3、辨析：ruin，destroy，damage，break与spoill。

注意点as引导的定语从句。

课堂讲解及训练课堂讲解一、知识讲授1、In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst 、（1）爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂The red balloon suddenly burst、那个红色的气球突然爆了。

(2)猛冲；突然出现 He burst into the room without knocking、【拓展】burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭2、It seemed as if the world was at an end!【短语归纳】与end搭配的常用短语：come to an end vi、结束（用作谓语）bring/put sth、to an end vt、结束；制止at the end of 在…尽头（末）（指时间或空间）by the end of到…末为止（现在完成时连用）by the end of last、、、（与过去完成时连用）by the end of next、、、（用于将来完成时）in the end 最后，终于（作状语）on end连续to the end到底without end 没完没了的【随堂练习】用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。

（1）How many English words have you learned ____________ last term?（2）He became an outstanding doctor___________、（3）My uncle will fly to China _________ this year、4、、In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins、（1）n、残垣断壁；废墟（名词时常用复数）The city lay in ruins after years of bombing、（2）v、毁灭；使破产The hurricane ruined all the houses here、【拓展】be in ruins 呈一片废墟 fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to ruin 毁灭，落空 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 bring sb、 to ruin 使毁灭【辨析】ruin，destroy，damage，break与spoil易混词辨析例句ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。

The bad weather ruined our trip、destroy表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁，使之无法恢复，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。

What he said destroyed our last hope、damage一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。

这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。

The earthquake caused great damage、break一般指“破坏，打破，打碎”的意思。

它表示的范围极广，程度也不一。

可用于有形的东西，如石头、玻璃、瓷器等，也可用于无形、抽象的东西，如法律、沉默、魔力、习惯等。

She didnt break the rules、spoil破坏，糟蹋，其重点在于破坏事物原先的结构、和谐性，使事物不再具有原先的特点，宾语常是景致、食欲、计划等。

The apples spoiled、5、Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake、【辨析】injury，hurt，harm与wound易混词辨析例句injury多指意外事故受伤。

比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。

A bullet injured his lefgt eye、hurt既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害；作不及物动词，意为“（身体某部位）疼痛”。

指肉体上的伤害时，hurt可与badly,slightly,seriously等连用，但若指精神上的创伤，只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。

He hurt her feelings、harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便。

还可用于抽象事物，尤其指不道德的事情。

Smoking harmed his health、wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，尤指在战场上受伤。

He had a bullet wound in his chest、6、Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins、(1)n、援救，营救The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river、（2）v、救援；拯救 He rescued a boy from drowning、【拓展】rescue sb、/ sth、 from sb、/ sp、把从营救出来come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb、援救某人 a rescue team 救援队a rescue mission 救援任务 rescue workers 救援人员【随堂练习】用rescue的适当形式填空（1）The mother, along withher two children, _________from the sinking boat by a passing ship、（2）The firemen ________ five children from the burning house yesterday、7、… that hot water give out 、（1）分发；发出Students were giving out leaflets to everyone in the street、 The red radiator gives out a lot of heat、（2）用尽 My money will give out soon、【归纳总结】give out分发；发出；用尽 give sth、away赠送；颁发；泄露give back归还；恢复 give in呈上；投降，屈服，认输give off发出，放出 give over停止，中止give up放弃 give on to/onto sth、朝向，面向；通向8、Your speech was heard by a group of fivejueges,all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year、 (1)n、裁判员；法官；审判员His father used to be a judge、他的父亲过去是一名法官。

(2)v、判断；断定Don’t judge a man by his looks、不要以貌取人。

【拓展】judge sb、/ sth、 by/from 通过…判断…as far as I judge 我认为…judging from… 从…来看，根据…判断【随堂练习】用与judge相关的词汇填空（1）______his appearance, he must be a rich man、（2）_______ , he must be from the south、二、语法讲解定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，被定语从句修饰的名词或代词成为先行词。

定语从句一般位于先行词之后。

引导定语从句的有关系代词或关系副词，关系代词有：that, which, who(whom),whose和as；关系副词有：when,where, why。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语；关系副词在定语从句中作状语。

一、关系代词的用法1、关系代词which用来指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语。

This is a book which tells about space rocket technology、（作主语）The letter which I received yesterday was from my brother、（作宾语）The hotel whichI stayed in last month is over there、（作介词的宾语）2、关系代词that既可指物，也可指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

They live in a house that was built200 years ago、（作主语）She is the girl that you saw in school、作宾语）Here is the car that I told you about、（作介词的宾语）注：that在句中作宾语时可省略，需要注意的是that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放到that之前，若要将介词提前，必须将that改成which或whom。

Here is the car about which I told you 、Is he the man with whom you shook hands just now?3、关系代词who, whom指代人，在句中作主语或宾语。

Here comes the girl who wants to see you、I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss music、4、whose表示“某人的”或“某物的”，是所有格作定语，后面必须带名词，且不能省略。