雅思阅读语法7--名词性从句

二
表语从句
在复合句中充当表语Байду номын сангаас
1. that在引导表语从句时无含义，不作成分，通常不省。 1)表示事实、真理等的实际内容。 The fact is that he is lying. The odds are that he will not do it.
2）表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容。 Our belief is that things will improve. The trouble is that we are short of money. 2. whether引导表语从句（不可用if)。 His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet. The question is whether people will buy it. 3. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which引导的表语从句。 This is what I want. The question is who can be chosen to be manager of the company. My question is which of them is better.
▲it做形式主语有以下几种不同的结构： (1)It + be + 形容词+ that-从句 ①It is likely that he will come. ②It is strange that she has ever trusted him. ③It is important that he (should) attend the meeting. ④It is best that he (should) go. 此句型在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时，that从句中的谓语动词也 常用 (should) + v原形。 It is strange that no one should have objected to the plan. (2)It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. It's a pity that he should have catched the train.
三
宾语从句
在复合句中充当宾语
1. that引导宾语从句时无含义，不充当成分，常省略。 ★that不引导介词的宾语从句，至于except that, in that, save that, but that等是 复合从属连词。 I know (that) you have met him. Let's suppose that one day this happens to you. ★在及物动词和宾语从句之间常有间接宾语（指人）。例如： I told him (that) he was wrong. ★在少数动词如：think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, calculate, fancy, reckon, be supposed , seem, appear, feel as if, look as if, look like等后面的从 句中的否定词经常转移到主句谓语动词上，这叫否定前置/否定转移 (hope“希望”, guess“认为”后的宾语从句否定不前置。I hope not.“我希望 不是那样的”，是I hope so.的否定式。I don't hope so.是对hope的否定：“我 不希望如此”。）如： I don't think it will be very cold today. I don't think you are right. I don't believe he has finished his work.
不可省略的连词： 1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。例如： That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被选上了，我们很高兴。 We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。 比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取 代： 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语 4. 从句后有"or not" 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。例 如： It is not important who will go. 谁去，这不重要。 It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底谁赢呢，形势尚 不明朗。
4. 连接副词when, where, why, how引导的表语从句。 The problem seemed how we could make him understand it. The question is where we should go. 5. as if, as though引导的表语从句（常用虚拟语气）。 He looks as if he were angry. It looks as if it's going to rain.
★通常，that引导主语从句时用it做形式主语，把从句置于句 尾，此时that有时可省。例如： ①It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. ②It made us very happy that she was chosen. ③It is certain that he will come. ④It is true that he would take the risk. ⑤It isn't surprising (that) he should have married her. ★如果以that从句为主语的句子是疑问句，就只能用先行词it 结构。例如： ①Is it certain that he will come? ②Is it true that he would take the risk?
(3) It + be + -ed分词 + that从句 It is said that he is a famous writer. It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon.
▲在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中，that从句中的谓语动词 常用(should) do。（参见虚拟语气部分） It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held this afternoon. It is demanded that he (should) leave at once. (4) It + seem/happen/appear等不及物动词 + that从句。（look不接that从 句，它接to be结构或形容词） It seems that he is wrong. It appears that they are in urgent need of help. He looks (to be) surprised/happy/sad.
从句讲解之一：名词性从句
Tracey
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能 相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语 等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that、whether、if不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what、whatever、who、whoever、whom、whose、which. 连接副词：when、where、how、why
2. Another advantage of going to school at an early age is that children develop faster socially. 3. My view/idea/opinion/point is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons.
翻译练习
【练1/3】中国教育的最大变化就是，已经有更多的人可以接受 教育。 （剑3,T1,S） 【练2/3】早上学的另一个好处是孩子在社交方面发展更快。 （剑4，G,TB,W） 【练3/3】我的观点是年轻人应该受到鼓励，去开阔视野。（剑5， T2，W）
Keys
1. The biggest change in education in China is that more and more people can get/receive the education.
5.也可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等词引导主语从 句，表示“无论什么”、“无论谁”、“无论何时”、“无论在（到）哪里” 等。 Whoever told you to give up smoking was quite right. Whatever he gave you should be handed in. Whoever told you that was lying. Whoever comes is welcome.
一
主语从句 在复合句中充当主语的从句
1.that引导主语从句 that引导主语从句时不同于其他的连词，既无词义也不作成分， 只起单纯的连接作用，且通常不可以省。为了强调that引导的主 语从句而置之于句首时，that不可省。 ①That the driver could not control his car was obvious. ②That she was chosen made us very happy. ③That he will come is certain. ④That he would take the risk is true. ⑤That he should have married her isn't surprising.
2. whether引导主语从句，意为“是否”，只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。 （置于句首时必须用whether引导，置于句尾时，间或可用if。） Whether he will win the game is not clear. Whether he will come is uncertain. Whether she comes or not doesn't concern me. It is not clear whether/if he will come. It was uncertain whether he would come. 3. 连词代词what, who, which, whose等引导的主语从句。这些连接代词作用 相当于代词，在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 What we need is more time. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. Which school you want to go matters much.
翻译练习
【练1/2】 It is often important that you make it clear what your particular role is at a given time. (剑3，T2，R） 【练2/2】It is an unfortunate fact that many employers may prefer to use the services of children.（剑3，T3，W）
4.连接副词when, where, why, how引导的主语从句。这些连接副词相当于副 词，在从句中充当状语。 Why he did this is not known. When he will come is still unknown. It is not known why he did this. How he succeeded is unknown to us. Where we should hold the meeting needs to be discussed. 注意：wh-引导的主语从句也常用it作形式主语。