高考英语 考前冲刺精选完形填空解题密招

高考英语考前冲刺精选完形填空解题密招
三个原则
1. 上下求索——寻信息
因为答案信息点有的在空格前, 有的在空格后, 有的在前文和后文都有出现, 需要综合考虑或起相互印证的作用。

有时, 还要根据上、下文提供的信息, 结合常识, 进行适当的逻辑推理, 才可得出正确答案。

[例1] The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors, 27 who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on 28 .(2010广东)
27. A. parents B. students C. teachers D. drivers
28. A. sooner B. later C. faster D. earlier
解析：27题的答案信息点在空格后的and students who...中, 关键词是students, 故选B。

28题的答案信息点在空格前, 关键词是first, 故选B。

[例2] One afternoon, I was out exploring... and saw a new kind of cactus (仙人掌).
I crouched (蹲) down for a closer look. “You’d better not 47 that.” I turned around to see an old woman...
“Would you like to come to my home tomo rrow? Someone should teach you which plant you should and shouldn’t touch.”(湖南)
A. break
B. pick
C. pull
D. touch
解析: 此题若不读到文章最后一句的最后一个单词, 很难确定填touch, 选D。

2. 左顾右盼——找搭配
答题时, 眼睛不能只盯在空格上或只盯在空格所在的这一个句子上, 一定要“左顾右盼”, 弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。

注意, 常常不止一个选项前后可以构成搭配关系, 这时需要根据上下文的意思来定夺。

[例3] On April 12, 1888, Alfred’s brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper 21 his brother for him and...(2009广东)
A. found
B. misunderstood
C. mistook
D. judged
解析：四个选项中, 能与后面for搭配的, 只有mistook, 即mistake A for B (将A误以为B), 故选C。

[例4] Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to 28 the Nobel prizes, which would be awarded to people who...(2009广东)
A. establish
B. form
C. develop
D. promote
解析：根据动宾搭配, 在四个选项中, 能与名词the Nobel prizes(诺贝尔奖)搭配的, 只有establish (设立), 即“设立诺贝尔奖”。

用他的大部分钱去“构成/开发/促进”诺贝尔奖, 是讲不通的。

3. 思前想后—通全文
有时, 若单独看空格处或空格所在句,其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填入格中都不错, 句子也通顺, 但结合全文内容来理解, 就只有一个是最佳答案了。

因此, 选择答案时, 一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中合符语境, 而且要在全文中也讲得通, 即贯通全文。

[例5] Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great 29 to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences.
A. additions
B. sacrifices
C. changes
D. contributions
解析：若单独看空格处, 选项B、C、D都可以填, make great sacrifices“作出巨大牺牲”, make great changes“发生巨大变化”, make great contributions“作出巨大贡献”; 从文章内容或常识来看, 诺贝尔奖金应当是奖给那些为世界和平、文学和科学事业“作出过巨大贡献”的人,故只能选D。

[例6] Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining, construction, and warfare as the inventor of dynamite (炸药)...the a rticle read. “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 23 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”
...Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to...
A. famous
B. sick
C. rich
D. popular
解析：若单独看空前的became, 填四个选项都没有语法错误, 但是由前文中的became a millionaire和后文give the largest part of his money可知, rich为最佳答案, 故选C。

四个步骤
1. 通读全文, 理解大意
重视首句信息, 跳过空格, 浏览全文, 从整体上感知全文, 理解短文大意, 这是解题的基础。

这一步非常重要, 万万不可忽视。

2. 瞻前顾后, 避难就易
在理解短文大意的情况下, 结合各选项的意义和用法, 特别是与前后词语的搭配, 上下文的意义关系等, 先解决那些自己有把握的问题。

对少数难题, 暂时跳过, 或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示了, 或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。

3. 复读全文, 解决残敌
借助已经补全的空格, 我们已对全文有了更清楚的理解, 可以集中解决所遗留的个别难题。

4. 再次复读, 弥补疏漏
全部做好后, 考生务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容, 确保全文文意连贯。

五个技巧
根据广东高考完形填空题的特点, 只要了解上述三个原则, 遵循四个步骤 ,灵活运用以下五个技巧, 任何完形难题都可得到顺利解决。

望同学们一定要理解、掌握以下五个技巧。

1. 词语同现
某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中共同出现的倾向性, 叫词语同现, 也有人称之为“词场”。

同现词之间有反义或相对关系, 或者同类互补关系等, 如
different与 same; cruel与friendly; death (死亡)与destruction(毁灭); ill与pale, patient, nurse, doctor, operation等。

一个语篇往往会围绕着某一主题或话题, 与此相关的词就可能会共同出现, 以实现语篇衔接。

如2011年广东高考完形填空的短文, 是围绕把优生从普通班里分离出去会带来严重问题这一主题展开的, 涉及这一主题的可能有“普通班”“特殊班”“优生”“普通生”, 以及“学校”“老师”“学习”等等, 因此, special, gifted, intelligent, top, regular, average, school, classes, teachers, children, learning这些相互关联的词语就很可能会同时出现在语篇之中。

了解词语同现, 对正确解答完形填空题很有帮助。

请运用词语同现的技巧, 解答以下高考真题, 并说明正确选项与哪些词同现。

1. (2011广东)The argument has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by 2 situation that has designed for the average children.
A. designing
B. grouping
C. learning
D. living
1.C与classes, children, intellectual同现的单词, 很可能是learning。

2. (2010广东)You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to 24 the building.
A. enter
B. leave
C. open
D. close
2.A因有push(推)就有pull(拉), 有go out of(出去)就会有enter(进入), 这就是词语同现。

3.(2010广东)When I first came to America, I noticed that a public building had two different doors and they had distinct functions...This was new to me, because we use the 25 door in South Korea...
A. main
B. same
C. front
D. back
3. B美国的门与韩国的门进行对比, 因same与different是词语同现。

4. (2010广东)The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors, students who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on 28 .
A. sooner
B. later
C. faster
D. earlier
4. B 因与first同现的应是later。

5. (2009广东)To make sure that he was remembered with love and respect. Nobel arranged in his 27 to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes, ...Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about.
A. book
B. article
C. will
D. contract
5.C与die(死), arrange(安排后事)具有相关性的词同现的应当是will(遗嘱)。

6. (2008广东)These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows 23 and pale...
A. sick
B. slim
C. short
D. small
6. A与pale同现的单词, 应是sick。

7. (2007广东)All you need is a webcam and your pretty face to access your PC. No more
24 , confusing passwords to remember or change every few months.
A. simple
B. complicated
C. special
D. useful
7. B 与confusing(易混的)同现的单词, 应当是complicated(复杂的), 共同修饰passwords。

2. 词语复现
词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现。

语篇中的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。

词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现(又叫同根词复现)、同义或近义词复现(包括与近义词的同根词复现, 如ill与sickness)、上下义词复现(即总括与分述, 如animal 是sheep, tiger, wolf等的上义词; rose 是flower 的下义词)等。

了解词语复现这种衔接手段, 有助于快速准确地解答完形填空题。

请运用词语复现的技巧, 解答以下高考真题, 并指出正确选项与哪个词是何种类别的复现。

1. (2011广东) It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes...There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However，...
A. regular
B. special
C. small
D. creative
1. B 与前段第一句中special classes的special是原词复现。

2. (2008广东)There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the baby’s head while he slept or covering him with some of his father’s clothes
were just two of the recommended 27 .
A. cases
B. tools
C. steps
D. methods
2.D因methods与前文中的ways同义词复现。

3. (2011广东)Many are concerned that gifted children become bored and lose interest in learning. However, this 11 is more often from parents and teachers than from students...
A. concern
B. conclusion
C. reflection
D. interest
3. A因concern (n.担心)与上文的concerned (adj.担心的)是同源词复现或同根词复现。

4. (2011广东) However, this concern is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are talented.
A. students
B. adults
C. scholars
D. teachers
4. B因adults是上文parents and teachers的上义词, 即这是上下义词复现, 故选B。

3. 逻辑推理
根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断正确答案, 逻辑关系包括因果关系、对比关系、并列关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、条件与结果的关系等。

从五年来的广东高考完形填空题来看, 最多的是利用因果关系来推断正确答案。

请运用逻辑推断, 解答以下试题, 并指出正确选项是根据什么逻辑关系推断出来的。

1.(2011广东)In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they (intelligent children) began to reflect 9 on many problems, some of which were not on the school program.
A. directly
B. cleverly
C. voluntarily
D. quickly
1. C因为having no worry about keeping up(因为不担心跟不上), 所以“自动地(voluntari ly)”考虑许多问题, 因果推断。

(现在分词短语表示原因)。

2. (2011广东) Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning.
A. doubted
B. bored
C. worried
D. tired
2.B由与之并列的lose interest,可知是become bored。

也可这样理解, 因为厌烦, 所以才失去兴趣。

(此处的and表示结果, 前面是原因)
3. (2008广东) These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows sick and pale and has changed so much that it is almost 24 to the parents.
A. uncomfortable
B. unbelievable
C. unacceptable
D. unrecognizable
3.D因changed so much, 结果父母“认不出来”了。

(that 引导结果状语从句)
4. (2009广东)Nobel was 24 to find out not that he had died, but that, when his time was up, he would be thought of only as one who profited from death and destruction.
A. upset
B. anxious
C. excited
D. pleased
4. A因他发现当自己死后被认为是靠制造死亡获取利润的人, 所以他感到“伤心难过”。

(在表示情感变化的形容词后的不定式表示原因)
5. (2008潮州二模) The team met at the bridge. The canoeing was easier now, but there were other ___. Bandits(强盗) shot at them once, but they were moving too fast.
A. excitements
B. lucks
C. problems
D. things
5.C由表示转折的but可知, 虽然划独木舟容易(easier),但是有其他一些“难题(problems)”。

4.背景常识
将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识, 以及科普常识等结合起来, 进行简单推理, 从而得出正确答案。

事实上, 该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的, 因为虽有背景常识, 仍需简单推理; 逻辑推理离不开背景常识。

请运用背景常识, 进行适当推理, 解答以下高考试题。

1.(2010广东) In South Korea, we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning,
I hurried to the bus, and when the bus doors opened, I 29 tried to get on the school bus through the front door.
A. politely
B. patiently
C. unconsciously
D. slowly
1.C由前文可知, 因韩国不必等别人下了车再上, 作者当时是初来美国的韩国人, 在韩国土生土长, 由常识“习惯成自然”可知, 作者早已习惯不等别人先下了再上车, 所以看到校车将门打开后, 就“无意识地, 不知不觉地”上车了。

2. (2008广东) ...the Nobel prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great
29 to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences.
A. additions
B. sacrifices
C. changes
D. contributions
2. D 根据常识, 奖金应当是颁发给那些为世界和平、文学和科学事业作出过巨大“贡献”的人, make contributions to...对……作出贡献。

3. (2007广东)After doing a little research, I found this type of technology already available in English to consumers via a relatively 26 application called FaceCode.
A. independent
B. infrequent
C. inexpensive
D. instant
3. C 根据常识“天下没有免费的午餐”, 要得到某物就可能需要花钱, 花钱就涉及物品的贵还是便宜。

4. (2010广东) All the students around looked at me, I was totally 30 , and my face went red.
A. embarrassed
B. annoyed
C. unsatisfied
D. excited
4. A根据常识, 周围所有的人都看着作者,作者一定会“感到尴尬”。

5. 前后搭配
主要指动词与介词的搭配、动宾搭配及句式搭配等。

广东高考完形填空中主要考查动宾搭配。

能不能搭配, 除涉及词语的用法外, 还需结合常识来判断。

请运用前后搭配习惯, 解答以下高考试题。

1.(2009广东)On April 12, 1888, Alfred’s brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper 21 his brother for him and...
A. found
B. misunderstood
C. mistook
D. judged
1.C根据动介搭配, 能与后面的介词for搭配的, 只有mistook。

(注：这类题是极少考查的, 五年仅此一题)
2. (2009广东) ...Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to 28 the Nobel prizes, ...
A. Establish
B. form
C. Develop
D. promote
2.A根据动宾搭配, 应是“设立诺贝尔奖”,即establish the Nobel prizes。

完形填空中, 有的题既可以用这种技巧解答, 又可用那种技巧来解答, 也有的可能要结合两种或多种技巧才能解答。

完全可以这样说, 只要你熟练掌握并能灵活运用这五个技巧, 广东高考完形填空题, 不再有难题。

但是, 所有的方法或技巧都是一种辅助作用, 都必须建立在扎实的语言基础之上。

如果词汇
不过关, 句子理不顺, 篇章意义不理解, 任何方法或技巧都将无济于事。

特别提醒：
我们说词语复现对解答完形填空非常有用,但并不意味着与文章中出现的词语复现的选项就是正确答案。

我们必须明确, 作者运用词语复现的手段, 其目的是使语义衔接、语篇连贯。

我们使用此技巧解题时, 一定要注意上下文意义的关联或衔接, 否则, 就会出错。

因为命题人往往会设置一些与文中词语复现的错误选项, 我们千万不要掉入陷阱。