5.5.1 疑问代词

5.5.1 疑问代词
疑问代词有下面这些：
Who whom whose what which
1）who在句中多用作主语或表语：
Who did this?
Who would like to go with us?
Who are those girls? –They are tom’s daughters.
在口语中也常用宾语：
Who did you meet at the party?
Who did you go with?
I’m writing a letter. Who to?
在笔语或正式问题中不宜这样用。

2）whom在句中用作宾语或介词的宾语：Whom did you see?
Whom are you writing to?
You saw whom?
在紧跟介词时只能用whom，不能用who：
To whom should I write?
To whom did you give the parcel?
With whom did she come?
3）whose表示谁的，可用作：
a.定语：
Whose umbrella is this?
Whose fault is it?
b.主语：
Whose won the first prize?
Whose is better, yours or hers?
c.表语：
Whose are these?
d.宾语：
Whose are you going borrow?
4）what和which都可在句中用作：
a.主语：
What’s your plan, then?
What’s up?
Which is your seat?
Which of them came late?
b.宾语或介词宾语：
What can we do about it?
What’s all this about?
Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?
Which of them should I speak to?
c.定语：
What color are the curtains?
What day is today?
Which way should we go?
At which station should I change trains?
What还可以作表语：
What’s your sister?
5）whoever和whatever是who和what的强调形式：Whoever heard of such a thing?
Whoever could be phoning so late at night?
Whatever do you mean?
Whatever happened to her?
5.5.2连接代词
连接代词与疑问代词同形，引导各种从句，在从句中他们可用作：1）主语：
I asked him who came into the room.
No one can tell what will happen next.
The twins are so much alike that I never know which is which.
I can’t tell whose is better.
2）宾语（在口语中可用主格）：
I asked him whom he saw.
I don’t care what he thinks.
Ask him which he wants.
I don’t know who(m) you mean.
3）介词宾语（在口语中可用who，但在介词后只能用whom）：
I wonder who he’s talking to.
I wonder to whom he had addressed the letter.
She couldn’t decide which she should listen to.
4）表语：
Do you know what that girl’s father is?
She demanded to know whose the child was.
I can’t recall what his name was.
It was so dark that I couldn’t tell who was who.
5）定语：
I wonder whose house that is.
I asked him what clothes I should wear.
Let me know which train you’ll be arriving on.
连接代词还可引导不定式短语，多作宾语或介词宾语：
We can’t decide whom to invite.
I don’t know who to ask advice from.
They exchanged views on the question of whom to elect.
We must decide what to do with her.
He didn’t say anything about what to do.
She couldn’t decide which to buy.
5.5.3 关系代词型的what
What可引导从句，表示“the thing which..”例如：
That’s what I want to know.
What you said was quite right.
Show me what you have in your hand.
这种what引导的从句，相当于“一个名词+关系从句”
What you need
What I want to say
What I don’t understand
What we have to consider
因此，这种what称为“关系代词型what”（relative what），他引导的从句在句中可以用作：
1）主语：
What she saw gave her a little fright.
What you need is a warm sweater.
What I’m afraid of is their taking him to Boston.
2）宾语：
I cannot do what you asked me to do.
She began to criticize what he had done.
I’ll do what I can.
3）介词宾语：
He was depressed by what he had gone through.
Don’t poke your nose into what doesn’t concern you.
The city isn’t much different from what it was ten years ago.
4）表语：
I should like to be a teacher. That’s what I want to be.
Times aren’t what they were.
Your mother’s health is not what it ought to be.
5）插入语：
Then I discovered, what was news to me ,that his wife was your cousin.
He is an interesting speaker ,and, what’s more important, he knows his subject thoroughly.
He went to the meeting and, what was worse, instead on speaking.
在从句中what有时用作定语：
What little he said on the subject was full of wisdom.
What few friends I have here have been very kind to me.
What education I have is fragmentary, sketchy.
I will give you what help I can.
5.5.4 由ever构成的连接代词
1）who(m),what,which 都可以和ever构成裂解代词，也有人称作连词。

可在句中引导状语从句，表示“不管。

“：
I’ll find the person who did this, whoever her is .
Whoever else may object, I mean to do it.
I’ll post that letter whatever Wilson says.
Whatever happens, I’m going.
Whatever weather it is , we shall start at 9o’clock.
Whichever you choose, the others will be offended.
British foreign policy remains the same, whichever party is in power. Whichever road you take, the driver won’t be more than an hour.
2）这类代词还可引导名词性从句，表示“任何。

的人（或东西）”，在剧中作用：
a.主语：
whoever is responsible will have to pay for the damage.
Whoever you invite will be welcome.
Whatever I have is at your service.
Whichever you want is yours.
b.宾语：
they may marry who(m)ever they desire.
I’ll just say whatever comes into my head.
I said he might have whichever he liked.
Take whichever seat you like.
c.介词宾语：
I want to speak to whoever is in charge.
Talk to me about whatever is troubling you.
She might live in whichever room she liked.。