2019高一(上)英语作业测评——Unit 5 Section III

2019高一（上）英语作业测评——Unit 5 Section III 对应学生用书P55[基础题]
Ⅰ单句语法填空
1．You could get into a situation ________ you have to decide immediately.
答案：where设空处所填词引导定语从句，先行词为situation，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，situation “处境”，是表示抽象地点概念的先行词，关系词在从句中作状语，表地点，因此填where。

2．I am having trouble ________ the new computer, but I don't know ________ to turn to.
答案：with；whom第一空为短语have trouble with sth. “某物出了问题”；第二空由句意可知表示向谁求助，作介词to的宾语，应用whom。

3．The reason _______ the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.
答案：why空格处所填词在本句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，关系词在从句中作状语，表原因，故填why。

句意：注射需要每年重复的原因是病毒总在改变。

4．Internet crime is a subject ________ the world might argue for a long while.
答案：about which此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，根据定语从句的动词短语argue about “争论……”可知，介词应填about；先行词a subject表示物，关系代词用which。

5．It was a prison ________ which no one escaped.
答案：from此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，根据定语从句的动词短语escape from “从……逃脱”可知，介词应填from；先行词为prison，表示物，关系代词用which。

6．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ________ left their home for a better life in the city.
答案：whom因从句前没有连词，因此这时要填写关系代词，既在从句中作介词of的宾语，又起到引导词的作用，该关系词在从句中代替主句中“1,000 people”，即先行词，故用whom。

7．The days ________ we climbed the hills and trees were unforgettable.
答案：when分析句子结构可知，本句包含一个定语从句，先行词为The days，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。

句意：我们爬山和爬树的日子是难忘的。

8．I have reached a point in my life ________ I have to make decisions of my own.
答案：where分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导定语从句，先行词为 a point，而且从句中缺少状语，表抽象地点，所以用where。

句意：我已经到了我人生中得作自己的决定的地步了。

9．This is the pilot ________ my father has worked for 10 years.
答案：with whom本句中，“介词＋whom”引导定语从句，修饰先行词the pilot，定语从句中谓语动词has worked应构成work with sb.短语，且关系词在从句中作介词的宾语。

10．Mark Zuckerberg is the founder of the site Facebook, ________ you can have a look at each other's pictures.
答案：where空格处在本句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词the site Facebook，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where。

Ⅰ单句改错
1．
________________________________________________________________________
答案：why→when
2．After a long walk in such hot weather, all of us were dying of a cold drink.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：第二个of→for
3．The books on the desks, which covers are shiny, are prizes for me.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：which→whose
4．The things and people who my grandma told me when I was young still remain refresh in my mind.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：who→that
5．The place that was interested me most was Jiuzhaigou.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：去掉第一个was
[能力题]
Ⅰ阅读理解
Microsoft founder Bill Gates said that he planned to give away P1 almost all of his fortune W1， largely to the cause of global health, during the course of his lifetime. With an estimated (估计) worth of more than $40 billion, according to Forbes, the project will be no small fate (功绩) for Gates. Having already provided the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation with $24 billion to address global health issues, Gates said that finally his entire fortune would be put towards the cause except “a few percent left for the kids”.
So what has made the richest man in the world to channel his resources so heavily into one interest? Gates believes that “the equality of opportunity” in which Americans take such pride needs to extend to other nations around the world. Improving the health of the populations, he says, has proven to be an essential (基本的) method in helping poor countries to be financially successful. “National borders allow inequalities W2，” said Gates. “We all need to take a more global view, rather than just saying my country is doing well. We have to step up P2 these health issues, knowing how few resources are going into them.”
Gates said that both his parents set up an example for him as a child. His father, William H．Gates, was the head of the local Planned Parenthood, and his mother, Mary, volunteered for the United Way. As he gathered his fortune, Gates knew he would finally want to give back as well, but he didn't expect to devote himself whole­heartedly to one project until he was about 60.
However, Gates, began to question his ability to wait that long. “It seemed there was a real time urgency W3，” Gates said. “I started to think, how many lives could I save before then？”
错误!
1．Bill Gates will give away his vast fortune to ________.
A．improve the health of the population in America alone
B．improve the health of the populations all over the world
C．avoid leaving his children too much money
D．spare the American government the burden of health care
答案：B细节理解题。

根据第一段中的第一句话 “Microsoft founder Bill Gates said that he planned to give away almost all of his fortune, largely to the cause of global health, during the course of his lifetime.”可知，比尔·盖茨计划把自己的财产捐给全球的健康事业。

故选B项。

2．Bill Gates believes that one important way of developing poor countries is ________.
A．to set up more foundations for them
B．to help them with natural resources
C．to put more effort into the health issues in them
D．to help them take a more global view
答案：C细节判断题。

从第二段中的“Improving the health of the populations, he says, has proven to be an essential (基本的) method in helping poor countries to be financially successful.‘National borders allow inequalities’”可以看出比尔·盖茨将把主要的资金用于全世界人们的健康服务中去。

故选C项。

3．It can be learned from the text that Bill Gates thinks ________.
A．Americans should care about people in other countries
B．Americans should treat fellow citizens well
C．Americans should devote themselves to certain projects
D．Americans can be world­famous by giving away vast fortune
答案：A推理判断题。

从文章第二段倒数第二句“We all need to take a more global view, rather than just saying
my country is doing well.”可以得出正确答案为A项。

4．Bill Gates gave away his vast fortune earlier than he had expected because of ________.
A．his weakening health condition
B．his parents' suggestions
C．his great success in business
D．his concerns for suffering people
答案：D推理判断题。

从文章最后一段可以得出导致比尔·盖茨提前捐赠财产的原因是他关心那些受苦的人们。

故选D。

W重点单词
1．fortune n. 财富；运气 2.inequality n. 不平等
3．urgency n. 紧急，紧急的事
P重点短语
1．give away 赠送；分发；泄露
2．step up 提高，增加；走近
B
Before Steve Jobs co­founded Apple, there were no iPhones or iPads. Jobs changed the way we think about many things, including telephones, computers, and books. Because of Jobs, says his biographer (传记作者) Walter Isaacson, entire industries like music and publishing have changed completely W1.
I recently talked with Isaacson in New York City about his new best­seller, The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution, in which he tells hundreds of stories of the people who created the computer and the Internet.
I asked what qualities W2stood out P in the innovators he studied. “They really care about both art and science，” Isaacson said. “They really believe it's important to connect the humanities (人文学科) to technology and engineering.”
For kids who want to become tomorrow's innovators, he said, “If you're a humanities person—very creative and art­loving—you should not be shy away from also learning math and learning coding (编码). If you're an engineer ... you should learn to read poetry.”
Every great innovator has passion (激情), determination W3， and the courage to fail, Isaacson said. Working in teams makes creative people even more effective (有效的), he added. Sometimes, someone else's suggestions can help improve or perfect W4 your design.
When Isaacson was growing up in New Orleans, Louisiana, he decided early on that he wanted to be a writer. After reading a book by a friend's uncle, he realized that writing “is a job you can have, just like being a fisherman or an engineer or a doctor.”
Of all the books Isaacson has written, he said that his favorite was a biography of Ben Franklin. “He did everything，” Isaacson said. “He was friendly and nice and good to people. Reading all of his letters ... I felt I really got to know him and
like him.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。

文章是对乔布斯的传记作者艾萨克森的采访报道。

5．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．Isaacson had a great influence on Jobs.
B．Jobs' biography was difficult to write.
C．Isaacson likes music very much.
D．Isaacson thinks highly of Jobs.
答案：D推理判断题。

根据第一段，尤其是该段的第二、三句可知，传记作者艾萨克森认为乔布斯改变了人们对很多事物的看法，并且他使得整个行业，如音乐业和出版业，都发生了变化。

故艾萨克森对乔布斯的评价很高。

6．In Isaacson's mind, innovators are those who ________.
A．are good at telling stories
B．want everything to be perfect
C．are friendly and nice to people
D．love both the humanities and science
答案：D推理判断题。

根据第三段艾萨克森所说的革新者的品质和第四段他给未来想成为革新者的孩子们的建议可知，他认为革新者是那些既喜欢人文学科又喜欢科学的人。

7.Paragraph 5 mainly tells us ________.
A．how to work with a great innovator
B．the importance of good teamwork
C．what it takes to be an innovator
D．the role of an innovator in a team
答案：C段落大意题。

在第五段，艾萨克森描述了一位伟大的革新者应该具备的各种品质——激情、决心、不怕输的勇气、团队合作精神以及听取别人的意见。

8.Isaacson decided to begin his career as a writer because ________.
A．he failed to become an engineer
B．he read a book by a friend's uncle
C．he got lots of help from Steve Jobs
D．he got to know more about Ben Franklin
答案：B细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段第二句“After reading a book by a friend's uncle, he realized that writing ‘is a job you can have ...’”可知，读了朋友叔叔写的一本书后，艾萨克森决定成为一名作家。

W重点单词
1．completely adv. 彻底地；完全地
2．quality n. 品质，资质
3．determination n. 决心，毅力
4．perfect v. 优化，改善，使完美
P重点短语
stand out 显眼，突出；出色
Ⅰ语法填空
When it comes to eating habits, China is a country we must mention. Unlike in the West, __1__ everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes __2__ (place) on the table and everybody shares. If you're being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a ton of food.
During eating, the host serves food with public chopsticks to guests __3__ (show) his or her politeness. The appropriate thing to do is eat the food and say how delicious it is. If you don't like it, you can just say a polite “thank you”， with the food __4__ (leave) there. But don't stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. If so, it's very impolite __5__ the host and seniors who are present at the table.
At dinner, if half of the fish is eaten up, a guest shouldn't turn the fish over by saying “fan”， which is __6__ Chinese word for “turn over”， which is considered bad luck for __7__ (fisherman) and their boats. The __8__ (separate) of the fish bone from the lower half of the flesh is usually done by the host or hostess. This is especially true in southern China.
These tips above will be __9__ (extreme) useful when you visit China, an __10__ (east) country with a long history.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________7.________8.________
9．________10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

就餐礼仪因文化不同而不同。

文章主要介绍了中国的餐桌文化。

1．where考查定语从句的引导词。

空处是关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词the West，同时在从句中作地点状语。

2．are placed考查动词的时态和语态。

句子讲述的是客观情况，要用一般现在时；主语the dishes与动词place之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。

3．to show考查非谓语动词。

主人上菜给客人，附带有公筷，这是为了表示对客人的礼貌。

空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。

4．left考查非谓语动词。

此处为with复合结构，空处作宾语the food的补足语，并且the food与leave之间是被动关系，所以要用过去分词。

5．to考查介词。

be polite/impolite to sb. 是固定短语，意思是“对某人礼貌/不礼貌”。

6．the考查冠词。

“fan”就是汉字里表示“翻过来”的意思。

此处表示特指，故要用定冠词the。

7．fishermen考查名词的复数。

fisherman为可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故空处应用名词的复数形式。

8．separation考查词性转换。

空处前面有定冠词the修饰，再结合空后的of可知，空处应填名词。

9．extremely考查词性转换。

空处修饰后面的形容词useful，作状语，要用副词。

10．eastern考查词性转换。

空处作定语，修饰后面的名词country，表示“东方的”，所以要用eastern。