18学年高中英语Module3TheViolenceofNatureSectionⅠIntroduction

Module 3 The Violence of Nature Section Ⅰ Introduction &
Reading Pre-reading
Many people like the feeling of the gentle wind in spring. Many people like to see the falling leaves dancing in the wind in autumn. But sometimes, when the wind becomes a storm, it can be very destructive (毁灭性的)．
Every year, major storms cause many problems around the world. There is nothing people can do to stop these powerful forces of nature. But new techniques are helping scientists to predict (预测) how, when, and where big storms will happen. The more exact scientists’ warnings are, the better people can prepare for the storms.
Predictions are improving. “We’ve gotten better over the years, especially the last few years，” says Phil Klotzbach, a scientist at an American un iversity. How is a storm formed? Even if scientists know where a storm will happen, winds can suddenly change, carrying the
storm to a new direction. “For a hurricane to happen, conditions have to be just right，” Klotzbach says.
First, the ocean water needs to be warm enough so that it evaporates (蒸发) and rises into the air. As it rises, the vapor cools and turns back into liquid. This process gives off heat. This produces energy like an engine that causes winds to
increase. It drives the formation of a hurricane.
If wind speed reaches 40 miles per hour, the system is called “tropical storm”，and it gets a name. At 75 miles per hour, it becomes a hurricane.
The hurricane season lasts from June to November. Ninety percent of all hurricanes hit in August, September, and October.
Section_ⅠIntroduction & Reading —Pre­reading
[原文呈现]
What Is a Tornado①？
A tornado is a rotating② column③ of air from a thunderstorm④ to the ground. The most violent⑤ have winds of more than 400 kilometres per⑥ hour. Almost all of them occur⑦ in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.
Tornadoes can pick up⑧ cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street — or even in the next town. They can take the fur⑨ off⑩ the back of a cat and the feathers⑪off a chicken. They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture ⑫ inside exactly where it was⑬.
On average⑭， there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing⑮ about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries⑯. The worst tornado of all time⑰ occurred in 1925, affecting three US states⑱： Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.
[读文清障]
①tornado/tɔː'neIdəʊ/n.龙卷风
②rotating/rəʊ'teItIŋ/adj.旋转的；循环的
③column/'kɒləm/n.柱状物；柱状体
④thunderstorm/'θʌndəˌstɔːm/n.雷暴
⑤violent/'vaIələnt/adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的
⑥per prep.每
⑦occur/ə'kɜː/vi.发生
occur不用于被动语态和进行时态。

⑧pick up卷起；掀起
⑨fur/fɜː/n.(动物的)毛皮⑩take off去掉
⑪feather/'feðə/n.羽毛⑫furniture/'fɜːnItʃə/n.家具
⑬where it was是where引导的地点状语从句。

⑭on average平均起来⑮cause/kɔːz/vt.引起；导致
⑯causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries是现在分词短语作结果状语。

⑰of all time有史以来，历史上(常与最高级连用)
⑱现在分词短语affecting three US states作状语，表结果。

什么是龙卷风？
[第1～3段译文]
龙卷风是指一个从空中的雷暴延伸到地面而生成的旋转气柱。

最强烈的龙卷风风速达到每小时400千米以上。

几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国，从东南部的德克萨斯州到北部的南达科他州。

龙卷风能卷起汽车、火车，甚至房子，把它们卷到邻近的街道——甚至邻近的城镇。

它们(龙卷风)能拔掉猫背上的毛和鸡身上的羽毛。

它们能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具原封不动地留在原处。

平均起来，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡、1 500人受伤。

有史以来最严重的一场龙卷风发生在1925年，影响了美国的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。

等到风停时，已有700人死亡，2 700人受伤。

What Is a Hurricane?
Hurricanes are strong tropical⑲ storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. There are violent winds
21， heavy rain and of 120 kilometres per hour or more⑳， which cause huge waves○
floods○22. There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.
The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 in
23 Galveston, Texas. Winds of 200 kilometres per hour and five­metre high w aves hit○the city. The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings.,
⑲tropical/’trɒpIkl/adj.热带的
⑳which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰winds。

21wave/weIv/n.波浪
○
wave v．挥手，招手
22flood/flʌd/n.洪水
○
23hit v．袭击
○
什么是飓风？
[第4～5段译文]
飓风是强劲的热带风暴，它们通常发生在南大西洋、加勒比海以及墨西哥湾。

(飓风发生时)风速达每小时120千米或更快，引发巨浪、暴雨和洪灾。

每年平均有6次大西洋飓风，这些飓风通常会影响从德克萨斯州到缅因州的美国东部海岸。

有史以来最强烈的飓风灾难于1900年9月8日发生在德克萨斯州的加尔维斯顿。

时速高达200千米的大风和5米高的巨浪袭击了这座城市。

37 000人中有6 000人遇难，3 600幢建筑物被摧毁。

An Extraordinary Event
This is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane.
Charles Coghlan was a nineteenth­century Irish actor who went to live in Canada ○
24. He then moved to New York, where he became famous ○
25. By the late 1890s ，he had moved to Galveston, where he died ○
26 in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck ○27. The cemetery ○28○29where Coghlan was buried ○
30 was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan ’s coffin ○31 ended up ○
32 in the sea. Eight years later, the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea near his home on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada. The Gulf Stream had carried it 3,000
kilometres up ○33 the eastern US coast to Prince Edward Island. Coghlan travelled back
to Canada — after he had been buried in Texas ！
○
24who 引导的定语从句，修饰actor, who 在从句中作主语。

○25where 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰New York 。

where 在从句中作地点状语，可以转换成in which 。

○
26where 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Galveston 。

○
27strike /straIk/vt .&n ．(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击 strike→struck→struck/stricken
○
28cemetery /'sem ət ri/n .墓地；公墓 ○
29where 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the cemetery, where 在从句中作地点状语。

○
30bury /'beri/vt .埋葬 be buried in ＝bury oneself in 埋头于，专心于
○
31coffin /'k ɒfIn/n .棺材 ○
32end up 结果为……，以……结束 end up with 以某种方式结束 ○
33up prep .沿……而上一个
离奇的事件
[第6～8段译文]
这是一个关于1900年加尔维斯顿飓风的故事。

查尔斯·科格伦是19世纪一位定居加拿大的爱尔兰演员。

后来他移居纽约，并在那里成名。

到19世纪90年代末，他已经移居加尔维斯顿，于1899年在那里去世，也就是飓风袭击那里的前一年。

科格伦所埋葬的公墓被飓风摧毁，他的棺材最终被卷入了大海。

8年后，渔民们在加拿大东部爱德华王子岛他家附近发现了他的棺材。

墨西哥湾流沿着美国东海岸把它(棺材)一直带到爱德华王子岛，行程3 000千米。

埋葬于德克萨斯州的查尔斯·科格伦又回到了加拿大！
Pre­reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．disaster A．vt.引起；导致
2．experience B．n.波浪
3．cause C．vt.&n.(雷电等)袭击
4．furniture D．n.墓地
5．bury E．n.灾难
6．occur F．vt.经历
7．violent G．n.家具
8．wave H．vi.发生
9．strike I．adj.猛烈的；激烈的
10．cemetery J．vt.埋葬
1～5____________ 6～10____________
答案：1～5 EFAGJ 6～10 HIBCD
Lead­in
Looking at the following pictures and write down the names of the natural disasters.
1.earthquake
2.fire
3.typhoon
4．tornado 5.lightning 6.flood
Fast­reading
Read the text quickly and match the sentences.
1．A tornado is
2．Tornadoes can destroy houses
3．Hurricanes are strong tropical storms
4．Charles Coghlan was an Irish actor
5．There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year
A．and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean.
B．and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.
C．and something unexpected happened to his coffin after he died.
D．a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground.
E．but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
1～5____________
答案：1～5 DEACB
Careful­reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answers.
1．Which of the following descriptions about tornado is NOT correct?
A．It is a kind of rotating column of air.
B．It is usually caused by a thunderstorm.
C．It can reach a speed up to more than 400 kilometers per hour.
D．It can cause much damage to people, including deaths and injuries.
2．How much damage did the worst tornado cause to the US?
A．It picked up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street.
B．The fur of the back of many cats and the feathers of many chickens had been taken off.
C．It caused about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
D．More than 700 people lost their lives and 2,700 had been injured.
3．What are the similarities between the tornado and hurricane?
A．They both occur together with strong wind.
B．America is the country affected often by both of them.
C．They both can cause a lot of damage to people and the buildings.
D．All above.
4．Where was Charles Coghlan born indeed?
A．In Ireland. B．In Canada.
C．In New York. D．In Galveston.
5．What are the causes of these natural violence?
A．The different atmospheric pressure between two areas.
B．The changeable weather in these areas.
C．The destruction of the nature by human beings.
D．Not mentioned in the passage.
答案：1～5 BDDAD
Study­reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 它们能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具原封不动地留在原处。

2．The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states: Missouri, Illinois and Indiana.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 有史以来最严重的一场龙卷风发生在1925年，影响了美国的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。

3．There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 风速达每小时120千米或更快，引发巨浪、暴雨和洪灾。

4．By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 到19世纪90年代末，他已经移居加尔维斯顿，于1899年在那里去世，也就是飓风袭击那里的前一年。

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Hurricane Babette reached the northeastern United States today and caused death and destruction everywhere. The killer storm carried winds of 135 miles per hour. The high winds and heavy rains, together with the force of the Atlantic Ocean, created extremely dangerous waves. It is not yet known how many people died or were hurt in this storm, but it is said that the numbers will be very high. The damage to homes, business and crops will run into billions of dollars. Now that the storm is over, the long, slow rebuilding will begin.
With the arrival of the tornado season, the National Weather Service is again telling people how to protect themselves from these deadly storms. The winds from tornadoes are the most violent winds on earth. They can blow up to 400 miles per hour. A tornado looks like a funnel(漏斗). It is also very loud. It may sound like a train coming at you. In fact, the winds from a tornado can pick up a train and throw it around. If a tornado is seen in your area, it is very important that you protect yourself. A basement (地下室) is the safest place to go. Try to wait under a table in the basement. If your building does not have a basement, stay on the ground floor but lie flat under a bed or table. Stay away from windows. If you are outside or in your car, try to find a narrow place to lie down in.
As the area tries to deal with the worst flood of the century, there are many heartwarming stories of people helping other people. From all over the world people have sent food and clothes to help the thousands who have had to leave their homes. Many volunteers have come to help to make sandbags and use them to build walls against the overflowing river. While the result of this disaster will be terrible for many, it is beautiful to see people coming together to help others and save lives, and property (财产)．
语篇解读：本文讲述了自然灾害带给人们的灾难及在这些灾难中自保的方法，还有人们在这些灾难中表现出的可贵品质。

1．What are the three short paragraphs about?
A．Newspaper articles about the weather.
B．Bad weather forecasts in newspapers.
C．Introduction to climate in different places.
D．Popular science on climate.
解析：选A 主旨大意题。

第一段讲述飓风造成的损失，第二段讲述龙卷风中人们如何自救，第三段讲述了在这些灾难中人们的表现。

故这篇文章应该是一篇关于天气的新闻稿。

2．According to the passage, a person who sees a tornado in his area, had better NOT ________.
A．stay on the ground floor but lie down under a bed
B．go to the basement and wait under a table
C．find a deep narrow place to lie down in
D．drive his car away as fast as possible
解析：选D 细节理解题。

由第二段最后一句“or in your car, try to find a narrow place to lie down in”可知应该停车而不是快速行驶。

3．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．Hurricane Babette damaged the northwestern coast of US
B．when there’s flooding, sandbags can be made and used to build wall
C．the National Weather Service often takes measures to protect the local people D．people are often reminded of how to protect themselves from snowstorm 解析：选 B 细节理解题。

由第三段“make sandbags and use them to build walls against the overflowing river”可知沙袋可以筑成墙抗洪。

B
The US government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each
part of the country. The areas of the map where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake belts. The government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help to discover the answers to these two questions：Can we predict earthquakes?
Can we control earthquakes?
To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault (断层) systems in the country, such
as the San Andreas fault in California. A fault is a break
between two sections of the earth’s surface. These breaks
between sections are the places where earthquakes occur.
Scientists look at the faults for changes which might show
that an earthquake was about to occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes correctly. And the control of earthquakes is even farther away.
However, there have been some interesting developments in the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4,000 metres below the surface of the ground. Shortly after this injection (注射) of water, there was a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other.
When the water “oiled” the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was given out. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big, dangerous earthquakes, that is, scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number of small, harmless earthquakes.
语篇解读：为了提高人们对地震的防范意识，美国政府加大了在防震、预测方面的投入，他们甚至在努力采取措施控制地震的发生。

4．Earthquakes belts are ________.
A．maps that show where earthquakes are likely to occur
B．zones with a high probability of earthquakes
C．breaks between two sections of the earth’s surface
D．the two layers of earth along a fault
解析：选B 细节理解题。

根据第一段的第三句可知，地震多发地带被称为earthquake belts。

5．The San Andreas fault is ________.
A．an active fault system
B．a place where earthquakes have been predicted correctly
C．a place where earthquakes have been controlled
D．at the foot of the Rocky Mountain
解析：选A 细节理解题。

根据第二段可知，该地区为地震比较活跃的地区。

6．What did scientists learn about earthquakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?
A．They occur at about 4,000 metres below ground level.
B．The injection of water into earthquake faults prevents earthquakes from occurring.
C．They are usually caused by the oil in the faults.
D．Harmful earthquakes could be prevented by causing harmless earthquakes.
解析：选D 细节理解题。

根据最后一段尾句可知。

7．What can be said about the experiments at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?
A．They have no practical value in earthquake prevention.
B．They may have practical value in earthquake prevention.
C．They are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention.
D．Nothing is told about their practical value in earthquake prevention.
解析：选B 推理判断题。

根据科学家的试验，通过向断裂带注水可以引发小地震，从而使地震的能量得到释放，因此也就降低了大地震爆发的可能。

C
Seeing a volcano erupt is a wonderful experience, and you can really feel the heat by climbing to the summit (山顶) of Pacaya for a close­up view. There are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano from Antigua, giving travelers a chance to see Mother Nature at her most powerful.
Pacaya is an easy drive from Antigua, a beautiful
city with many colorful houses along its old streets
that are turned into art­works during its Holy Week
Festival. No matter when you come to Antigua, you won’
t miss the Pacaya­tour companies.
But climbing Pacaya is no easy job: it is 2,560 metres high, and reaching the summit takes two to three hours of seemingly one­step­forward and two­step­back movements. As you climb, you hear the dull sounds of eruptions high above. Steaming,
hot remains from recent eruptions begin to line the path as you near the active summit：the McKenney Cone (火山锥). Just as though you are going to walk over to the edge of the cone, the road turns to the left and up to the relative safety of the old, inactive summit.
Many tours are timed so that you arrive at the cone of the volcano in plenty of time for sunset and the full contrast between the erupting red lava and the darkening sky. On a good day the view from the summit is extremely exciting. The active mouth boils, sending red lava over its sides, and once in a while shoots hot streams up to 100 metres into the air. There is a strong bad smell in the air even if you take care to be upwind of the cone. As evening turns deeper into the night, the burning lava quietly falls down the side of the volcano. For you, too, it is time to get down.
语篇解读：红色的熔岩从火山口喷薄而出冲向百米高空，与黑色的天幕相映生辉，来自大自然的力量令游客叹为观止，流连忘返。

8．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To attract tourists to Pacaya.
B．To describe the beauty of Pacaya.
C．To introduce guided tours to Pacaya.
D．To explain the power of nature at Pacaya.
解析：选A 写作意图题。

B项描述Pacaya之美；C项介绍去Pacaya的旅行；D项解释Pacaya大自然的力量。

这三项本文都是点到为止，其最终目的是想吸引游客去Pacaya。

9．Antigua is an island ________.
A．where people can enjoy cultural festival
B．where the daring Pacaya tour starts
C．that gives a close­up view of Pacaya
D．that is famous for its tour companies
解析：选B 细节理解题。

由第二段最后一句“No matter when you come to Antigua, you won’t miss the Pacaya­tour companies.”可知，这里是冒险之游的起点。

10．Climbing to the McKenney Cone, people will ________.
A．walk directly to the active summit
B．hear the continuous loud noise from above
C．make greater efforts than to other summits
D．see a path lined with remains of earlier eruptions
解析：选 D 细节理解题。

由第三段第三句“Steaming, hot remains from recent eruptions begin to line the path as you near the active summit”可知D项正确。

11．Many tours are timed for people to ________.
A．get down the mountain in time when night falls
B．avoid the smell from the upwind direction of the cone
C．enjoy the fantastic eruption against the darkening sky
D．appreciate the scenery of the 2,560­metre­high mountain
解析：选C 细节理解题。

由最后一段第一句可知，要准时到达火山锥才能欣赏到日落及岩浆喷发到黑色天空中的壮观景色。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Most of us lead a busy life. __1__ We think, “If I reached my goal, then I would be happy.” or “If I could get a better job, then I would enjoy life.” But why not enjoy life right now?
Firstly, take time to notice and appreciate the beauty in your own surroundings (环境). __2__ “There is a great big world of wonder and beauty around us！” And as Brodersen explains, “Look for the beauty of the sunrise and of a friend’s smile that brightens your day. Open your eyes to see the beauty you might not normally see. Doing so helps to cheer you up.”
Secondly, taking time to experience some simple pleasures also can bring joy to your heart and reduce your stress. Take me for example.__3__ One universal simple pleasure is finding things that make you laugh. Make time to laugh every day.
Thirdly, don’t take your family and friends for granted. Rich, rewarding relationships add greatly to the enjoyment of life. When you think of someone, why not call, e­mail or write then? __4__ As Wayne Lawton explains, “Invest (投入) time in relationships. Remove the attitude, what’s in it for me? Happiness is found in putting other’s interests, desires and concerns ahead of our own whenever possible. Selfishness (自私) is a dead­end street.” __5__
A．Discover the beauty in nature.
B．So please treasure relationship.
C．You don’t need to travel far to find beauty.
D．Driven by the “urgent”， we forget to enjoy life.
E．In my spare time, I enjoy collecting stamps and reading novels.
F．A short e­mail or phone call can make a world of difference to someone.
G．I delight in simple things like my favorite tea drink, a bubble bath or family photos.
答案：1～5 DCGFB。