在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案二

在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案二
Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of the bladder(膀胱) and the oral cavity(口腔). Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than
non-smoking males.
Female smokers are thought to be less affected be cause they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply. The majority of physicians and researchers consider these relationships proved to their satisfaction and say. “Give up smoking. If you don’t smoke, don’t start”. Some competent physicians and research workers - though their small number is dwindling(减小) even further-are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They consider the increase in respiratory (呼吸的) diseases and various forms of cancer may possibly be explained by other factors in
the complex human environment - atmospheric pollution, increased nervous stress, chemical substances in processed food, or Chemical pesticides that are now being used by farmers in vast Quantities to destroy insects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases, they say, may also, by coincidence, live in industrial areas, or eat more canned food. Gradually, however, research is isolating all other possible factors and proving them to be statistically irrelevant. While all tobacco smoking affects life expectancy and health, cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. However, nicotine(尼古丁)consumption is not diminished by the latter forms, and current research Indicates relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar(焦油) tobacco are claimed to made smoking to some extent safer, but they can only marginally reduce ,not eliminate, the hazards.
1. Male smoking are more affected by smoking than female ones because _____.
[A] Male smokers smoke more than female ones
[B] Male smokers are more likely to be affected by smoking
[C] Male smokers breath in the smoke deeper than female ones
[D] Male smokers are more likely to be affected by other factors in hormone environment
2. According to the passage,cigarette can do harm to all the following EXCEPT _____.
[A] lung
[B] mouth
[C] heart
[D] eye
3. The author’s attitude towards smoking is _____.
[A] critical
[B] approving
[C] questioning
[D] subjective
4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
[A] More and more research work believe the effect of cigarette smoking on health.
[B] Filters and low tar tobacco can not get rid
of the hazard.
[C] Cigarette smiking has a greater effect on health than.
[D] All forms of tobacco smoking affects life expectancy and health.
5. The authors purpose of writing the passage is to _____.
[A] offer advice on how to give up smoking
[B] explain the influence of cigarette smoking on health
[C] list the factors that can cause cancer
[D] compare the opinions on the effect of smoking
参考答案：C D A C B Representatives of Callahan Media Associates (CM [A] announced today that the news agency would attempt to buy the National Broadcasting System (NBS), the second largest television and radio network in the United States. Ronald Callahan, son of Jessica Callahan, who started CMA, told reporters that he expects his company’s offering price to be high enough to win out over other offers. He indicated that NBS executives had already discussed reorganization plans that might result from
a CMA takeover.
A native of the United Kingdom, Jessica Callahan began to buy newspapers, magazines, and radio stations in the United States eight years ago, and CMA now owns or controls more than fifteen news organizations here. Before she became a leader in media in this country, she had established her family-owned company as one of the most important forces in British TV and newspapers. Callahan started her news career more than twenty-five years ago, and she had worked as a reporter on three different papers when she took the job of editor of England’s Birmingham Herald(伯明汉先驱报), a newspaper that had been experiencing financial difficulties for several years. Her success in raising the news reporting standards as well as making the Herald into a profitable business gained Callahan the attention and respect of the British news establishment. By the time she was 35, she had become a publisher and started CMA, which is now one of the largest media organizations in the world.
Callahan had never visited the United States before she came to Miami and became the publisher of
the Miami Journal almost eight years ago, but she had been reading the newspaper for several years, and she said that she liked the paper’s style. After she had owned the Journal for just over a year, she bought a small radio station in Georgia, and in the next five years she went on to acquire news organizations in several different parts of the country.
If CMA becomes the owner of NBS, for the first time it will have control over a nationwide TV network. In an interview last week, Philip Rosen, the president of NBS, said that he was not very happy about the purchase. He agreed that Callahan and CMA had done a lot to help American newspapers become more financially secure, but he expressed fears that the new management was going to make news coverage on NBS irresponsible. He stated that he hoped he could remain with NBS but said that this might not be possible.
1.The writer thins that CMA’s offer to buy the National Broadcasting System is probably _____.
[A] the only one
[B] a good one
[C] unacceptably low
[D] of great competition
2. Jessica Callahan captured the confidence of the press after she became the editor of Birmingham Herald because _____.
[A] she was experienced
[B] she had strong financial background
[C] since then it started to make money
[D] she enjoyed good popularity
3. Jessica Callahan has never _____.
[A] visited the United States
[B] owned a national TV network
[C] worked as an editor
[D] read the Miami Journal
4. The attitude of NBS top executive to the CMA takeover was that _____.
[A] he was opposed to the purchase
[B] he hoped the takeover would bot affect the system’s fame
[C] he was afraid NBS would suffer serious financial loss
[D] he could not leave his present position
5. Which of the following can be the best title
for this passage?
[A] Jessica Callahan---a Successful Woman
[B] CMA---from British to USA
[C] CMA Buying NBS?
[D] CMA’s Attractive Offer to NBS
参考答案：D C C B B It is plain that in the year 2000 everyone will have at his elbow several times more mechanical energy than he has today.
There will be advances in biological knowledge as far-reaching as those that have been made in physics. We are only beginning to learn that we can control our biological environment as well as our physical one. Starvation has been predicted twice to a growing world population: by Malthus in about 1800, by Crookes in about 1900. It was headed off the first time by taking agriculture to America and the second time by using the new fertilizers. In the year 2000, starvation will be headed off by the control of the diseases and the heredity(遗传) of plants and animals—by shaping our own biological environment.
Now I come back to the haunting theme of automation. The most common species in the factory
today is the man who works or minds a simple machine—the operator. By the year 2000, the repetitive tasks of industry will be taken over by the machines, as the heavy tasks were taken over long ago; and the mental tedium will go the way of physical exhaustion. Today we still distinguish, even among repetitive jobs, between the skilled and the unskilled; but in the year 2000 all repetition will be unskilled. We simply waste our time if we oppose this change; it is as inevitable as the year 2000 itself.
1. The article was written to _____.
[A] warn us of the impending starvation
[B] present facts about life in the near future
[C] oppose biological advances
[D] warn of the evil side of automation
2. Advances in biological knowledge were _____.
[A] kept pace with advances in physics
[B] been responsible for the invention of new machines
[C] surpassed those in physics
[D] lagged behind those in physics
3. According to the passage,starvation _____.
[A] can be predicted
[B] is unavoidable
[C] can be prevented
[D] is mainly caused by poor agriculture
4. Repetitive tasks in industry lead to _____.
[A] physical exhaustion
[B] mental stimulation
[C] mental exhaustion
[D] extinction
5. If the predictions of this writer are realized,the demand for the unskilled workers in the twenty-first century will be _____.
[A] very high
[B] very low
[C] the same as today
[D] constantly rising
参考答案：B D C C B In these days of technological triumphs, it is well to remind ourselves from time to time that living mechanisms are often incomparably more efficient than their artificial imitations. There is no better illustration of this idea than the sonar system of bats. Ounce for ounce and
watt for watt, it is billions of times more efficient and more sensitive than the radars and sonars designed by man. Of course, the bats have had some 50 million years of evolution to refine their sonar. Their physiological mechanisms for echo location, based on all this accumulated experience, therefore merit our thorough study and analysis. To appreciate the precision of the bats’ echo location, we must first consider The degree of their reliance upon it. Thanks to sonar, an insect-eating bat can get along perfectly well without eyesight. This was brilliantly demonstrated by an experiment performed in the late eighteenth century by the Italian naturalist Lazure Spallanzani. He caught some bats in a bell tower, blinded them, and released them outdoors. Four of these blind bats were recaptured after they had found their way back to the bell tower, and on examining their stomachs’ contents, Spallanzani found that they had been able to capture and fill themselves with flying insects. We know from experiments that bats easily find insects in the dark of night, even when the insects emit no sound that can be heard by human ears. A bat will
catch hundreds of soft-bodied, silent-flying moths in a single hour. It will even detect and chase pebbles tossed into the air.
1. The passage is mainly about _____.
[A] living mechanisms and their artificial imitations
[B] the remarkable sonar system of bats
[C] the deficiencies of man-made sonars
[D] the exp eriment of “blind-bats”
2. Where of the following statements is true?
[A] Living mechanisms are always more efficient than their artificial imitations.
[B] Bats rely on their sonar system as well as eyesight to eat insects.
[C] The sonar system of bats has had 50 million years to be refined.
[D] People have discovered the bats’ sonar system thousands of years age.
3. Lazzoro Spallanzani demonstrated that a bat can get along well without eyesight through _____.
[A] He caught soem bats and blinded them and released them.
[B] Four of these blind bats found their way back.
[C] He recaptured the four returned bats.
[D] The stomachs’ of the blind bats found to be fill with flying insects.
4. Bats find insects in the dark of night with the help of _____.
[A] echoes
[B] eyesight
[C] sound waves
[D] none ofthe above
5 Implied but not stated _____.
[A] Pebbles tossed into the air make no sound that can be heard by human ears
[B] A bat will catch hundreds of months in a single hour
[C] Insect-eating bats are totally blind
[D] The sonar system of bats is as good as man-made sonar
参考答案：B C D D A。