高考英语一轮总复习阅读完形天天练第十周写作意图题

星期一 阅读理解
(2020年全国Ⅲ卷)We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
B 推理判断题题。根据第一段第二句“As scientists
look deeper… human evolution in just the past few thousand years.”可知，科学家们进一步研究人类基 因时，发现了在过去的几千年里人类仍然在进化的 例子。由此可推知，作者在第一段中所举的例子主 要是为了说明关于人类进化的新知识，故选B项。
2. Where do the Bajau build their houses?
A. In valleys.
B. Near rivers.
C. On the beach.
D. Off the coast.
D 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“They have
traditionally lived on houseboats… they’ve also built houses on stilts in coastal waters.”可知，巴瑶族人 历来居住在船屋上，近代他们也在近海水域的支柱 上建造房子。由此可知，巴瑶族人在近海水域建造 房屋，故选D项。
作者运用某种写作手法的目的或是要引出主题、 突出主题，或是要吸引读者关注主题，或是要把主 题说明得更清楚。常用的写作手法的目的有：
⑴ 开头提出问题——让读者关注主题； ⑵ 简介相关事物——为了引出主题； ⑶ 列举具体事例——说明文段的主题；
⑷ 运用比拟或比喻——让读者易理解抽象或 陌生的事物；
⑸ 引语——说明或论证某个观点，或使自己 的观点更有说服力。
C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We were so amazed
that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders”可知，巴瑶族人让朱波里多博士感到 惊奇的一点是，他们能够比当地的岛民待在水下的时 间长得多。故选C项。
Dr Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4？ (2018年全国Ⅰ卷)
What is the purpose of the last part of the text？ (2017年全国Ⅰ卷)
Why does the author mention…in the first paragraph？ (2016年全国Ⅱ卷)
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation—not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Rodney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.
◇ What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea. C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research D. The World’s Best Divers
_e_v_o_l_u_t_io_n__ n. 进化 _a_l_ti_tu__d_e_ n. 海拔 _d_i_g_e_s_t_ v. 消化；吸收 _a_d_a_p__ta_t_io__n_ n. 适应
_h_a_r_v_e_s_t_ v. 收割；收获 _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_ri_s_t_ic__ n. 特征；特色 _c_o_a_s_t_a_l_w_a_t_e_r_s_ 沿海水域 _n_a_t_u_r_a_l _s_e_le_c_t_i_o_n_ 自然选择
developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
解题方法：无论哪种手法， 也不管出于何种目的， 都必定与主题相关，为主题服务。因此，解答这类 题多用主旨推断法。即用略读法，读首尾段和各段 的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主 旨来推断作者的写作目的。议论文、新闻报道、说 明文等，其主题句多在文首。
［典型例题］(2023年新课标Ⅰ卷·26) Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He
第十周 写作意图题
写作意图题要求考生理解作者写作某个段落或 部分的目的。常见的提问方式有：
What is the author’s purpose in mentioning…? (2023 年新课标Ⅰ卷)
What does the author want to tell us by the examples in Paragraph 1? (2020年全国Ⅲ卷)
3. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing. C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water.
星期二ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ阅读理解
(2024届广东湛江摸底联考) The Mogao Grottoes were a center of Buddhist life and some of the world’s great cultures for hundreds of years. However, by the late Qing Dynasty they had been abandoned and nearly forgotten and many of the caves had become damaged by the elements. Around 1900, with the discovery of a library of thousands of ancient documents, the caves received new interest from Chinese and foreign researchers. Unfortunately, this resulted in tens of thousands of items from the caves being taken to foreign museums.
A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍了科 学家们通过进一步研究人类基因发现，在过去的几千年 里人类仍然在进化；第二至四段以东南亚的巴瑶族人进 化成更好的潜水员为例进行说明。故A项（为海上生活 而重塑的身体）适合作为本文的标题，涵盖了人类进化 和巴瑶族人进化成更好的潜水员两方面的信息。
课标词汇复记强化
1. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in Paragraph 1?
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B. New knowledge of human evolution. C. Recent findings of human origin. D. Significance of food selection.
点拨：由题干中的定位词Fuzhou可定位到倒数第 二段(所选文段)最后一句“He also designed an eco-
machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.”由此可知，他还设计了一个生态 机来清洁中国东南部的一座城市——福州的运河水。 这是John“生态机”理念的一个应用案例，故选B 项。