2016年下半年笔译三级综合能力真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
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2016年下半年笔译三级综合能力真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
题型有:1. V ocabulary and Grammar 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze Test
PART 1 V ocabulary and Grammar (25 points)This part consists of three sections. Read the directions for each section before answering the questions. The time for this part is 25 minutes.
SECTION 1 V ocabulary SelectionIn the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer.
1.Many people find Stanley Jordan’s music entertaining. Listening to it helps them to relax and to______the tensions they feel at the end of the day.
A.alter
B.alleviate
C.allure
D.alternate
正确答案:B
解析:(1)句子结构。
题干有两个句子,句子结构都是主动宾补(SVOC),其中第一句中形容词entertaining作宾语Stanley Jordan’s music的补语,对宾语进行补充说明。
第二个句子的主语是一个动名词短语listening to it,谓语为help sb.(to)do sth.结构,其中tensions后接了一个省略了关系代词that的关系从句。
(2)选项词义。
A.alter v.改变性质
B.alleviate v.减轻,缓和
C.allure v.吸引;引诱
D.alternate v.交替本句大意为“很多人感到斯坦利-乔丹的音乐悦耳怡人,令人身心放松,可缓解忙碌一天之后的压力”。
从上下文来看,题干中的第一个关键词是music,而音乐的主要作用是陶冶情操,调节心情;第二个关键词是relax,与此语义匹配并与另一个关键词tensions搭配的词,四个选项中只有alleviate最恰当,故选B项。
【知识拓展】词汇拓展。
有关“减缓压力”的表达:relieve one’s stress;case the pressure(tension);reduce the stress。
2.In many parts of East Africa at that time, wild animals were so______that it was almost impossible for a photographer to approach close enough to film them.
A.large
B.rare
C.numerous
D.wary
正确答案:D
解析:(1)句子结构。
本句的结构为主动补(SVC),主语是wild animals,were为系动词,空格部分为主语补语,介词in+名词短语作地点状语,主语补语部分为一个so…that…结构,表示原因与结果。
(2)选项词义。
A.large adj.大的;较大的;大范围的
B.rare adj.稀有的;难得的;做得嫩的
C.numerous adj.众多的;许多的
D.wary adj.警戒的;警惕的本句大意为“当时东非许多地方的野生动物都十分警觉,摄影师几乎无法近距离拍摄它们”。
从上下文来看,摄影师无法拍摄,其原因无非是动物们过于危险,或过于警惕。
因此,四个选项中,只有D项最符合句意。
【知识拓展】词汇拓展:wary的用法。
①be wary of sb./sth.;wary of doing sth.e.g.People did not teach their children to be wary of strangers.过去人们不会教育孩子提防陌生人。
②be wary about sth./doing sth.e.g.They were very wary about giving him a contract.他们跟他签合同时非常谨慎。
3.The finest films of the silent era depended on two______that we can seldom provide today —a large and receptive audience and a well-orchestrated score.
A.gradients
B.focuses
C.elements
D.thoughts
正确答案:C
解析:(1)句子结构。
主句为主动宾(SVO)结构,宾语后跟that引导的定语从句,修饰elements,破折号后的内容为主句宾语elements的同位语。
(2)选项词义。
A.gradient n.坡度
B.focus n.焦点;焦距;聚焦;中心
C.element n.要素:基础;基本原则;元素
D.thought n.想法;思维;思想本句大意为“默片时代最经典的电影靠的是众多的知音和精美的配乐,这两个元素是我们今天所欠缺的”。
根据上下文,只有elements在词义上最符合句意,因此选C项。
4.Despite their seemingly______architecture, the pyramids of Giza are actually intricate marvels of ancient engineering.
A.romantic
B.complex
C.classical
D.simplistic
正确答案:D
解析:(1)句子结构。
本句的结构:Despite their seemingly______architecture(让步状语),the pyramids of Giza(主语)are(系动词)actually intricate marvels of ancient engineering(主语补语)。
(2)选项词义。
A.romantic adj.浪漫的;富于浪漫色彩的;传奇性的;耽于幻想的
B.complex adj.由许多部分组成的;合成的;复合的;配合的;络合的C.classical adj.古希腊文学的;标准的;传统的;经典的
D.simplistic adj.(把复杂问题)过分简单化的本句大意为“吉萨金字塔看似简单,但实际上是古代纷繁复杂建筑工程的一大奇迹”。
根据despite引导的让步状语可知,空格部分需要补充的词在意义上与主句中的intricate形成对比/反义关系;从四个选项来看,只有simplistic最符合句意,因此选D项。
【知识拓展】词汇拓展:有关“复杂的”的表达。
①complex adj.not easy to analyze or understand;complicated or intricate e.g.The causes are a complex blend of local and national tensions.原因很复杂,既有地方性冲突也有全国范围的紧张局势。
②complicated adj.involving many different and confusing aspects e.g.The situation was complicated by the spread of a serious forest fire.森林火势严重,四处蔓延,这使得形势更加复杂。
③intricate adj.very complicated or detailed e.g.The building has intricate geometrical designs on several of the walls.建筑物的几面墙上有复杂的几何图案。
④mazy adj.like a maze;labyrinthine e.g.They are puzzling through the mazy new rules of the game.他们正在对迷津似的新比赛规则大伤脑筋。
5.Her pregnancy was not easy: the typical morning sickness that often ____ the first three months affected her every day for nine months.
A.confronted
B.harmonized
C.accompanied
D.developed
正确答案:C
解析:(1)句子结构。
主句是主动补(SVC)结构,冒号之后的句子是对前一句意义的具体说明,其结构为主谓宾(SVO)结构,主语为the typical morning sickness,that从句为sickness的定语从句,affected为谓语动词,her为宾语,every day for nine months为时间状语。
(2)选项词义。
A.confront vt.面对;遭遇;比较
B.harmonize vt.使和谐;使一致;以和声唱
C.accompany vt.陪伴,伴随;伴奏
D.develop vt.开发;进步;使成长;使显影本句大意为“她的妊娠很不轻松:前三个月的晨吐是大部分孕妇常有的,但她在孕期九个月里每天都受晨吐之苦”。
从上下文来看,晨吐是伴随怀孕初期的典型反应,因此,accompany 最符合题意,故选C项。
6.Any scientist who is not a hypocrite will admit the important part that______plays in the scientific discovery.
A.project
B.research
C.genius
D.luck
正确答案:D
解析:(1)句子结构。
本句的结构为主动宾(SVO):Any scientist(主语)who is not a hypocrite(scientist的定语从句)will admit(谓语)the important part(宾语)that______plays in the scientific discovery(part的定语从句)。
(2)选项词义。
A.project n.工程;计划;事业
B.research n.研究;调查
C.genius n.天才,天赋;精神
D.luck n.运气;幸运;带来好运的东西本句大意为“任何坦诚的科学家都会承认运气在科学发现中所起的重要作用”。
在四个选项中,只有luck是一种偶然因素,因此选D项。
【知识拓展】词汇拓展:有关luck的搭配。
①as luck would have it碰巧;真幸运e.g.As luck would have it,a doctor happened to be there when he fainted.说来也巧,他晕倒时幸好旁边有一个医生。
②be down on one’s luck因一时不走运而没有钱;穷困潦倒e.g. I have been down on my luck lately:My company went bankrupt.近来我真倒霉,我的公司破产了。
③the luck of the draw运气的结果e.g.Did you always strive for the genre thriller or was it the luck of the draw? 你那时其实一直在努力尝试悬疑类型,还是只是因为一时走运? ④out of luck运气不佳,倒霉e.g.When we at last reached the railway station,we were out of luck.The train had gone.我们最终到了车站,但运气不好,火车己开走了。
7.We must be committed______the deep greenhouse gas reductions since we need to avoid the worst outcomes of climate change.
A.on
B.with
C.in
D.to
正确答案:D
解析:(1)句子结构。
主句为主谓结构,主语为we,must be committed to…为谓语,since引导的是原因状语从句。
(2)选项词义。
本题的考查的是commit的搭配。
commit的搭配为commit sb./oneself(to sth./to doing sth.)(常用被动态),有“承诺,保证,致力于”等意义。
本句大意为“我们不想面对气候变化带来的最糟结果,所以必须大幅度减少温室气体排放”。
从搭配来看,只有选项D正确。
【知识拓展】词汇拓展:有关commit的搭配。
①commit oneself(to sth.)承诺,答应负责e.g.The President is committed to reforming health care.总统承诺要改革医疗制度。
②commit a crime犯罪;犯下罪行e.g.He was spurred on by jealousy to commit a crime.他受嫉妒心驱使而犯罪。
③commit sth.to memory牢记某事,把某事记住e.g.She committed the instructions to memory.她把指令记得很牢。
④commit sth.to paper/writing把某事写下来e.g.One of the most effective ways of learning is to commit what you have learned to paper.最有效的学习方法之一是把你学到的东西写下来。
8.When I was 15, my brother, and then my father, were all______ill, both with
brain tumors. Instead of going to school, I had to stay at home and look after them.
A.treated
B.struck
C.announced
D.driven
正确答案:B
解析:(1)句子结构。
题干由两个句子组成。
第一个句子为主动补(SVC)结构,第二个为含并列谓语的主谓宾结构。
(2)选项词义。
A.treat vt.治疗;对待;探讨;视为
B.strike vt.撞击;碰撞;(疾病)侵袭;爆发
C.announce vt.宣布;述说;预示;播报
D.drive vt.发动(机器等);驾驶(马车,汽车等) 本句大意为“我15岁的时候,弟弟和父亲先后得了脑瘤。
我没法去上学,只能待在家里照顾他们”。
从上下文来看,这里的动词的意义必须与tumor有关,而在四个选项中,只有strike 能构成搭配be struck ill表示“患病”,因此正确选项为B。
【知识拓展】词汇拓展:有关strike的搭配。
①strike a balance(between A and B)取得平衡,结账e.g.So future therapies might have to strike a balance between promoting and suppressing oxidative stress.因此,未来疗法可能要在促进和抑制氧化应激两者之间取得平衡。
②strike a bargain成交;达成协议e.g.We’ll make some concession to see if we can strike a bargain.我们愿做出一些让步,看看这样能否达成交易。
③strike it rich发现丰富的矿藏;走运e.g.Don’t look for shortcuts or try to strike it rich overnight.不要指望走捷径,也不要期望一夜暴富。
9.In Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol, Scrooge is a particularly______character, refusing to give his assistant a raise, despite his enormous wealth.
A.mean
B.amiable
C.generous
D.notorious
正确答案:A
解析:(1)句子结构。
句子的主要结构为主动补(SVC),主语为Scrooge,is为系动词,a particularly______character为主语补语,refusing to give his assistant a raise解释说明character,despite his enormous wealth作让步状语。
(2)选项词义。
A.mean adj.平均的;卑鄙的;吝啬的
B.amiable adj.和蔼可亲的;亲切的
C.generous adj.慷慨的;大方的;宽宏大量的
D.notorious adj.声名狼藉的;臭名昭著的本句大意为“在查尔斯-狄更斯的《圣诞颂歌》中,斯克鲁奇是一个特别吝啬的人,尽管他拥有巨额财富,却拒绝给他的助手加薪”。
从上下文可以推出,refusing to give his assisrant a raise,despite his enormous wealth表现了一个守财奴的形象,因此mean的词义最符合
题意,故选A项。
【知识拓展】词汇拓展。
有关“吝啬”的表达:stingy,niggardly,mean,miserly,penny-pinching,chary。
e.g.Winston was not a stingy man.温斯顿不是小气之人。
There are many Niggard Images in both Chinese and foreign literature 中外文学中都有很多吝啬鬼形象。
He is miserly with both his time and his money.他对时间和金钱都很吝啬。
He said your boss is too chary, so you must change your job.他说你们老板太抠了,你该换工作了。
10.Classroom observation was, no doubt, the most direct means of gaining______into teachers’English language instruction as well as learners’classroom behavior.
A.intrusion
B.insight
C.intuition
D.interview
正确答案:B
解析:(1)句子结构。
本句的主要结构为主动补(SVC),was为系动词,其前后分别是句子的主语和补语,of gaining…behavior是介词词组作名词means 的定语。
(2)选项词义。
A.intrusion n.(~into/on/upon sth.)侵入;闯入
B.insight n.(~into sth.)洞察力;洞悉
C.intuition n.直觉;直觉力
D.interview n.接见;采访;面试;面谈本句大意为“课堂观察无疑是了解学生课堂行为和教师英语教学最直接的手段”。
从上下文来看,只有insight 从词义到搭配(gain insight into)最符合句意,因此选B项。
【知识拓展】词汇拓展:有关gain的搭配。
①gain entrance/entry/access to sth.得以进入,接近某物②gain ground普及;发展;前进③gain time赢得时间;走得快④gain in sth.增长;改进;获得;在……方面有进展⑤gain on sb./sth.逼近;超过;侵蚀
11.Although some insist that all behaviors are learned, there are others who hold that some behaviors are______, existing before any learning occurs.
A.negligent
B.durable
C.innate
D.customary
正确答案:C
解析:(1)句子结构。
句首是Although引导的让步状语从句,主句为there are others,who hold…是others的定语从句,其中hold带有一个由that引导的宾语从句。
(2)选项词义。
A.negligent adj.疏忽的;粗心大意的B.durable adj.耐用的;持久的
C.innate adj..先天的;固有的;与生俱来的
D.customary adj.习惯的;通常的本句大意为“有些人坚持认为所有的
行为都是习得的,但也有人认为有些行为是天生的,在学习发生之前就己存在”。
由Although引导的让步状语从句可知,句中有完全相反的两种看法,因此所选的词,必然是learned的反义词。
从四个选项来看,只有innate符合句意,这一点也可从随后的解释existing before any learning occurs得到印证,因此,选项C 为正确答案。
12.Most house fires can be avoided through such simple______as proper education and a well-placed fire extinguisher.
A.procedures
B.prohibitions
C.precautions
D.processes
正确答案:C
解析:(1)句子结构。
句子的主要结构为主谓结构(SV),主语为most house fires,谓语为can be avoided,through such…为方式状语。
(2)选项词义。
A.procedures n.程序;规程
B.prohibitions n.禁止
C.precautions n.防范;预防措施;预警
D.processes n.过程本句大意为“进行适当的安全教育,放置便利的灭火器,采取这些简单的预防措施,大多数家庭火灾都可避免”。
根据上下文可知,如果采取……,house fires就可以avoided。
因此,如果采取“预防措施”,就能避免火灾。
故选项C最符合句意。
13.No matter how______snowmobiles are driven, they are capable of damaging the land over which they travel.
A.dangerously
B.seriously
C.technically
D.discreetly
正确答案:D
解析:(1)句子结构。
句首的no matter how…引导让步状语从句,主句的结构为主动补(SVC),其中,over which they travel为关系从句限定the land。
(2)选项词义。
A.dangerously adv.危险地;可能引起危险地
B.seriously adv.严重地;认真地;严肃地
C.technically adv.技术上;学术上;专业上
D.discreetly adv.谨慎地;小心地本句大意为“无论怎样小心驾驶,雪地摩托车开过的路面都会受损”。
no matter how引导让步状语从句,主句中有表示消极词义的damage,因此可推断从句中必选择与此对应的表示积极意义的词。
因此,从词义和搭配来看,选项D最符合句意。
【知识拓展】词汇拓展:有关“小心、谨慎”的表达。
①circumspect adj.(formal)thinking very carefully about sth.before doing it,because there may be risks involved e.g.The banks should have been more circumspect in their dealings.那些银行在交易中本该更谨慎的。
②discreet adj.careful in what you say or do,in order to keep sth.secret or to avoid causing embarrassment or difficulty for sb.e.g.I should make a few discreet enquiries about the firm before you sign anything.我应先审慎打探一下这家公司的底细,然后你再签字。
③prudent adj.sensible and careful when you make judgments and decisions;avoiding unnecessary risks e.g.The president of the country oscillated between a certain audacity and a prudent realism.该国总统施政风格时而大胆冒进,时而谨慎务实。
④cautious adj.~(about sb./sth.)~(about doing sth.)being careful about what you say or do,especially to avoid danger or mistakes;not taking any risks e.g.They expressed cautious optimism about a solution to the crisis.他们对解决危机持慎重而乐观的态度。
14.By providing people with information about their electricity use —down to every plugged-in device in a home or business —they can make choices that save money and ______efficiency and convenience.
A.maximize
B.intensify
C.compress
D.facilitate
正确答案:A
解析:(1)句子结构。
By providing…为方式状语,两个破折号之间为解释说明部分,主句的结构为主动宾(SVO),其中主语为they, 谓语动词为can make,宾语为choices,that从句为定语从句,修饰choices。
(2)选项词义。
A.maximize vt.使……最大化;使(某事物)增至最大限度
B.intensify vt.(使)增强(程度/力量);(使)加剧(程度/力量)
C.compress vt.使压缩(空间);压紧;精简
D.facilitate vt.帮助(行动/过程);使促进;助长;使容易本句大意为“为人们提供用电方面的信息——小到家庭或企业的每一个电源插头的信息——就可以帮助人们做出节能省钱的选择,使用电效率和便利最大化”。
从上下文来看,这是有关用电方面的信息,既然是为了save money,就要在efficiency and convenience方面做到最佳,因此从词义来看,只有选项A最符合句意。
【知识拓展】词汇拓展:有关“供给”的表达。
①supply sb./sth.(with sth.)或supply sth.(to sb./sth.) e.g.An insider supplied the police with the names of those involved in the crime.一位知情者向警方提供了涉案人员的姓名。
②provide sb.(with sth.)或provide sth.(for sb.) e.g.The hospital has a commitment to provide the best possible medical care for the public.这家医院承诺要为公众提供最好的医疗服务。
③furnish sb./sth.with sth.e.g.She furnished him with the facts surrounding the case.她向他提供了与案件有关的事实。
④accommodate sb.(with sth.)(formal) e.g.I have accommodated the press a great deal,giving numerous interviews.我多次接受采访,已给了报界许多方便。
⑤feed sb.with sth.或feed sth.to sb.e.g.At least one British officer was feeding him with classified information.至少有一个英国官员在向他提供机密情报。
15.Nowadays many people are frustrated with serious______, especially when faced with something they do not want to do.
A.delinquency
B.deficiency
C.delay
D.defence
正确答案:C
解析:(1)句子结构。
主句的结构为主动补(SVC),主语为many people,are为系动词,其余为补语。
(2)选项词义。
A.delinquency n.不法行为;过失;罪过
B.deficiency n.缺乏;不足;缺点;缺陷;不足额
C.delay n.耽搁;延迟;拖延
D.defence n.防御;辩护;防御工事;后卫本句大意为“如今,许多人对严重的拖延感到懊丧,尤其是当他们面对不愿做的事情时候”。
从上下文推测,因为they do not want to do,因此大多数人因严重的拖延症而感到沮丧。
从词义和搭配来看,只有选项C最符合句意。
16.It might be a good idea if educators could make knowledge about environmental protection an important part of the______school curricula.
A.regular
B.necessary
C.intensive
D.systematic
正确答案:A
解析:(1)句子结构。
主句的结构为主动补(SVC),主语为it,might be 为系动词,a good idea为主语补语,if引导的是条件状语从句。
(2)选项词义。
A.regular adj.有规律的;规则的;常规的;合格的
B.necessary adj.必需的;必要的
C.intensive adj.加强的;强烈的
D.systematic adj.有系统的;有规则的;有条不紊的本句大意为“如果教育工作者能把环境保护知识作为学校常规课程的重要组成部分,那或许是个不错的想法”。
从上下文来看,教育工作者必须要把某种理念或知识融入日常的教学内容中,才能产生持久的效果。
从词义和搭配来看,只有regular最符合句意,因此A为最佳选项。
17.As hard as it is to have an honest dialogue about business decisions, it is even harder to give individuals honest______. This is true for both employees and employers.
A.elaboration
B.feedback
C.repetition
D.conclusion
正确答案:B
解析:(1)句子结构。
题干中有两个句子,在第一个句子中,句首as hard as引导一个让步状语从句,主句的结构为主动补(SVC),其中主语为it(形式主语),is为系动词,harder为主语补语,to give…为真正的主语。
第二句也是一个SVC 结构,it为主语,is为系动词,true为主语补语。
(2)选项词义。
A.elaboration n.认真做;精练;精巧;细致的工作(作品)
B.feedback n.反馈;反馈意见;回授
C.repetition n.重复;重做;重说;重做的事
D.conclusion n.结论:结束;结果;结尾本句大意为“就商业决策进行诚实对话已经很难,要对个人进行诚实的反馈就更难。
职员和老板莫不如此”。
只有feedback符合句意,因此选择B项。
18.Hoping to______the dispute, negotiators proposed a compromise that they felt would be acceptable to both labor and management.
A.resolve
B.reverse
C.remove
D.resist
正确答案:A
解析:(1)句子结构。
主句的结构为主动宾(SVO),其中主语为negotiators,谓语为proposed,宾语为a compromise,that从句为定语从句,主句之前的hoping to resolve the dispute为现在分词词组作目的状语。
(2)选项词义。
A.resolve v.决心;决定;解决(问题或困难)
B.reverse v.颠倒;倒车;撤销;彻底转变
C.remove v.去除;去掉;移开;免除
D.resist v.抵制;抵抗;抵挡;反抗本句大意为“为了解决分歧,谈判人员提出了一个他们认为劳资双方都可接受的折中方案”。
根据上下文推论:只有______the dispute,才能达成compromise,因此只有resolve的词义符合题意和搭配,故A为最佳选项。
19.The linguist discovered striking similarities between a nearly______language spoken in central Siberia and various languages spoken by native Americans.
A.extinct
B.ethnic
C.exotic
D.erratic
正确答案:A
解析:(1)句子结构。
主句的结构为主动宾(SVO),主语为The linguist,谓语为discovered,宾语为striking similarities,between a nearly______…为介词词组作定语。
(2)选项词义。
A.extinct adj.(动植物,语言)灭绝的;(习俗,
工作等)消失的
B.ethnic adj.民族的;种族的;具有民族特色的;异国风味的
C.exotic adj.来自异国的;奇异的;异国情调的;异国风味的
D.erratic adj.飘忽不定的;行为古怪,反复无常本句大意为“这个语言学家发现,在西伯利亚中部使用的一种几乎绝迹的语言和美洲原住民使用的多种语言之间有着惊人的相似之处”。
从词义来看,exotic和ethnic均不能与various languages形成对比,因为various languages极有可能既是exotic,也是ethnic,因此可以排除;而选项D的词义不适合修饰语言,因此也可以排除。
只有extinct 在词义上最符合题意,因此A为最佳选项。
【知识拓展】词汇拓展:ethnic 与exotic。
①ethnic adj.connected with or belonging to a nation,race or people that shares a cultural tradition e.g.ethnic groups少数民族;ethnic strife种族冲突。
②exotic adj.from or in another country, especially a tropical one;seeming exciting and unusual because it is connected with foreign countries e.g.exotic species外来物种;exotic plant异国植物;exotic fruit异域水果;exotic birds珍奇鸟类;exotic words外来语。
20.John Smith hoped that the committee would not recommend a course of action that would ______an already bad situation in the workplace.
A.compromise
B.exacerbate
C.negotiate
D.formulate
正确答案:B
解析:(1)句子结构。
句子的结构为主动宾(SVO),主语为John Smith,谓语为hoped,宾语为that引导的宾语从句。
在宾语从句中,主语为the committee,谓语为would not recommend,宾语为a course of action,其后的that从句为定语从句,修饰action。
(2)选项词义。
A.compromise v.让步;违背(原则);达不到(标准)
B.exacerbate v.加剧
C.negotiate v.谈判;协商;磋商;商定
D.formulate v.制订;准备;规划;构想本句大意为“约翰-史密斯希望委员会提出的行动方案不会让业已严峻的工作境况雪上加霜”。
从上下文推论,not recommend,因为会______an already bad situation,因此可以推出此处需要一个含有消极词义的选项。
在四个选项中,只有exacerbate符合句意,因此B项为最佳选择。
【知识拓展】词汇拓展。
有关“加剧,恶化”的表达:aggravate,deteriorate,exacerbate,intensify, sharpen,take a turn for the worse,worsen。
e.g.His illness is being aggravated by anxieties.忧虑使他的病情加剧了。
There are fears that the situation might deteriorate into full-scale war.人们担心形势可能会恶化,进而演变成一场全面战争。
The symptoms may be exacerbated by certain drugs.这些症状可能会因为某些药物而加重。
If the international situation continued to intensify, the attack plan called for execution in December.假若国际局势继续恶化,攻击计划应该在十二月执行。
With urbanization the antagonism between rich and poor sharpened.随着城市化的推进,贫富间的对立情绪也加剧了。
We expect the market
will take a turn for the worse in the near future.我们预计不久市场行情将恶化。
This will tend to raise imports,worsen the trade balance,and weaken the domestic currency.这会增加进口,使贸易差额加剧并使本国货币疲软。
SECTION 2 V ocabularly ReplacementThis section consists of 15 sentences; in each sentence one word or phrase is given in the brackets. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer.
21.They did their best to avoid getting embroiled in the quarrel, preferring to maintain their neutrality as long as possible.
A.involved
B.inclined
C.indulged
D.included
正确答案:A
解析:(1)句子结构。
本句为主谓结构(SV),其中主语为They, 谓语是did their best,动词不定式to avoid getting embroiled in the quarrel是目的状语,preferring to maintain their neutrality as long as possible分词短语为原因状语。
(2)选项词义。
A.involved adj.有关的;卷入的;复杂的
B.inclined adj.趋向于……的
C.indulged adj.纵容的
D.included adj.包括的;[植]内藏的句子大意为“他们竭力避免卷入这场争执,更愿意尽可能长期保持中立”。
原题中的embroiled意为“卷入的,纠缠不清的”,与选项中的involved词义最为接近,因此选项A正确。
22.Because their roots are external and their leaf bases clasp, palm trees are rigid and upright, yet elastic enough to bend in strong winds.
A.eligible
B.flexible
C.thin
D.soft
正确答案:B
解析:(1)句子结构。
本句because引出原因状语从句,置于句首;主句为主动补(SVC)结构,其中补语有三个形容词,根据语义分别由and和yet连接。
(2)选项词义。
A.eligible adj.合格的,符合条件的:有资格当选的B.flexible adj.灵活的;柔韧的;易弯曲的
C.thin adj.薄的;瘦的;稀薄的;微弱的
D.soft adj.柔软的;温柔的,温和的;软弱的句子大意为“因为棕榈树的根向外延展,叶基紧扣在一起,所以此树既刚直挺拔,又非常柔韧,能够抵御强风的吹打”。
题干中的elastic意为“有弹性的,易伸缩的”,与选项中的flexible
词义最为接近,因此选项B正确。
23.Clara Brodeur tried hard to pull herself away from her famous mother, the renowned photographer, whose towering reputation rests on the nude portraits she took of her young daughter.
A.notable
B.apparent
C.conspicuous
D.prominent
正确答案:D
解析:(1)句子结构。
本句为主(Clara Brodeur)谓(tried…)结构,其中the renowned photographer为her famous mother的同位语;whose引导非限定性定语从句修饰photographer,其中she took of her young daughter为定语从句限定the nude portraits。
(2)选项词义。
A.notable adj.值得注意的,显著的;著名的
B.apparent adj.显然的;表面上的
C.conspicuous adj.显著的;显而易见的
D.prominent adj.突出的,显著的;卓越的句子大意为“克莱拉-布洛德的母亲——一位杰出的摄影师——因给年轻的女儿拍摄裸照而声名远播,但女儿竭力想摆脱母亲的影响”。
题干中的towering意为“卓越的”,与选项中的prominent词义最为接近,因此选项D正确。
24.The following excerpt is the beginning of a memoir, published in 1989, by a woman who emigrated with her family from Poland to Canada when she was a teenager.
A.dissertation
B.introduction
C.publication
D.selection
正确答案:D
解析:(1)句子结构。
本句结构为The following excerpt(主语)is(系动词)the beginning of a memoir(主语补语),published in 1989(分词短语作a memoir 定语),by a woman who emigrated with her family from Poland to Canada(who引导的定语从句,修饰a woman)when she was a teenager(when引导的从句,为定语从句的状语)。
(2)选项词义。
A.dissertation n.论文,专题
B.introduction n.介绍;引进;采用;入门;传入
C.publication n.出版;出版物;发表
D.selection n.选择;选集;精选品句子大意为“下文节选自1989年出版的一本回忆录开篇部分,作者是一名女性,她十几岁时随家人从波兰移民到加拿大”。
题干中的excerpt意为“摘录,引用”,与选项中的selection词义最为接近,因此选项D正确。
25.The strong efforts to gain equality for women in the workplace began to show results in the last century: women have since secured positions as research scientists and won wide recognition within their fields.
A.shared
B.wanted
C.elevated
D.obtained
正确答案:D
解析:(1)句子结构。
本句结构为The strong efforts(主语) to gain equality for women in the workplace (不定式作efforts的定语)began to show(谓语)results(宾语)in the last century:women have since secured positions as research scientists and won wide recognition within their fields (冒号表明后面画线句子是对前一个句子的解释说明)。
(2)选项词义。
A.share v.共享;分享
B.want v.受通缉;想得到
C.elevate v.提高;欢欣
D.obtain v.求得:获得;得到句子大意为“上个世纪争取女性职场平等权益的努力开始取得成效:女性作为科学家已在各自的研究领域赢得了认可与尊重”。
题干中的secured意为“获得,得到”,与选项中的obtained词义最为接近,因此选项D正确。
26.Lord Chatham who had the same feeling naturally seconded the proposal, but he wondered why they had to make a choice.
A.substituted
B.submitted
C.supported
D.supervised
正确答案:C
解析:(1)句子结构。
本句结构为Lord Chatham(主语) who had the same feeling naturally (who引导的从句作Chatham的定语)seconded(second在此词性为动词,作谓语)the proposal(宾语)。
(2)选项词义。
A.substitute v.取代,代替
B.submit v.提交,呈递,顺从;屈服
C.support v.支持,拥护,鼓励;援助
D.supervise v.监督;管理;指导;主管句子大意为“查塔姆勋爵对此有相同的感受,他自然支持这个提议,但不明白为什么他们必须做出选择”。
题干中的seconded意为“支持”,与选项C中的supported词义最为接近,故选C。
27.Not one to be easily frightened, the corporal remained composed while the opposing army pressed toward his troop’s position.
A.calm
B.cross
C.cozy。