综合教程(2版)1册U10 部分练习答案及注解

I. Vocabulary Analysis
1. Phrase practice
1. long to do = eager to do 渴望做
. The girl longed to dance before a large crowd. 小女孩渴望在众人面前跳舞。

2. long for = desire to have 渴望拥有
. People around the world are longing for peace. 世界各地的人民却渴望和平。

She has been longing for him ever since he left. 自从他离开以后，她一直在想他。

3. in peril = in great danger 处于危险之中
—
. Scientists are racing against time to save the animals in peril. 科学家们正与时间竞赛拯救处于危险之中的动物。

Human being’s hunting put wild animals in peril. 人类的捕猎使野生动物处于危险之中。

4. see everything black and white = interpret all things as either right or wrong 认为什么事情都是非对即错
. Students should be taught not to see everything black and white. 要教会学生不能认为什么事情都是非对即错的。

Simon is stubborn and sees everything black and white. 西门很固执，认为什么事情不是对就是错。

2. Word comparison
1.
gratitude: the state of feeling grateful
》
.I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Wang for her immense practical help.
grateful: showing or expressing thanks, especially to another person
.I’m so grateful for all that you’ve done.
thank: to tell someone that you are pleased and grateful for something they have done, or to be polite about it
.I haven’t had a chance to thank him yet.
2.
solitary: a solitary object is alone, with no others near them
.He lived in a solitary woodland.
singular: used when talking or writing about one thing
. This is a singular point of view that makes all the difference over a lifetime.
：
exclusive: available or belonging only to particular people, and not shared
. We have exclusive access to the library archives.
alone: when you are alone, you are not with any other people
. He was all alone in the middle of the hall.
3.
burst into: to suddenly begin to do something
.Much to my surprise my little son burst into songs.
burst out: to suddenly say something in a forceful way
.“I don’t believe it!” she burst out angrily.
burst in:to interrupt something by entering a room, in a way that embarrasses you or other people
\
.I’m sorry to burst in on you like this.
4.
linger: if you linger somewhere, you stay there for a longer time than is necessary
.This is a dreary little town where few would choose to linger.
wander: to walk around slowly in a relaxed way or without any clear purpose or direction
. We spent the morning wandering around the old part of the city.
haunt: if the soul of a dead person haunts a place, it appears there often
. The pub is said to be haunted by the ghost of a former landlord.
loaf: to avoid activity, especially work
. Those who loaf all day and do nothing are social parasites.
>
5.
dig into: to try to find out about something unknown or secret
.He had been digging into her past.
dip into: put the hand into a container in order to take something out of it
.Ask the children to guess what’s in ea ch container by dipping their hands in.
probe into: to ask questions in order to find things out
. The scientist probed into the secret of chemsitry.
6.
resolve: if you resolve to do something, you make a firm decision to do it
.She resolved to report the matter to the hospital’s nursing manager.。

solve: to find an answer to a problem
. This strategy could cause more problems than it solves.
involve: if an activity or situation involves something, that thing is part of it or a result of it
.I didn’t realize putting on a play involved so much work.
revolve: if you say that one thing revolves around another thing, you mean that the second thing is the main feature or focus of the first thing
. My life revolves around my job.
7.
make off: to leave quickly, usually in order to escape
.The burglars made off before the police arrived.
make away: to steal something and take it away with you
:
. Thieves made away with the contents of the safe.
make out: to see, hear or understand something or someone with difficulty
.I can’t make out your writing.
8.
on hand: close by and ready when needed
.Our staff are always on hand to help.
in hand: if something is in hand, it is being done or dealt with
. She seemed to have things in hand by the time her husband returned.
by hand: done or made by a person rather than a machine
. We had to wash our clothes by hand.
…
3. Synonym / Antonym
Give synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used. 1. My debt is to an Englishman, who long ago in China rendered an inestimable service to a small American child.
Synonyms: invaluable, matchless, precious
2. You must picture to yourself that child, living quite solitary in a remote Chinese countryside. Antonyms: sociable, accompanied, collective
3. In the near distance wound that deep, treacherous, golden river, the Yangtse.
(
Synonyms: unreliable, untrustworthy
4. She loved to see out of that flood come perhaps again and again an empty net, but sometimes great flashing, twisting silver bodies of fish.
Antonyms: full, plenty, abundant
5. They were too busy to pay much heed to her.
Synonyms: attention, notice, regard
6. She took Oliver Twist out of his place and in great peril descended.
Antonyms: ascend, rise, arise
—
7. She lingered beside villages of boat folk, and saw them live.
Synonyms: stay, remain
8. She was, she knew, very alien.
Antonyms: native, familiar, local
4. Sentence rephrasing
Rephrase each of the following sentences with the word given in brackets.
1.The law says you must ensure your child receives a proper education. (obligation)
)
Tip: obligation n. duty任务，义务
. Are we under obligation to provide financial support to the company
Key: You have the legal obligation to ensure your child receives a proper education.
2.The large amount of time they spent getting the engine into perfect condition was surprising.
(immense)
Tip: immense adj. huge 巨大的
. Curiosity is a treasure with immense value.
Key: They spent a surprisingly immense amount of time getting the engine into perfect condition.
3."
4.Sorry to arrive all of a sudden like this, but we had no time to phone. (descend)
Tip: descend v. move downward 下降
. The sun descended behind the mountain.
descend on call on sb. without notice 突然到来
. Visitors descend on us and ruin the day.
Key: Sorry to descend on you like this, but we had no time to phone.
5.Mark and I managed to clean up the house before our parents got home. (straighten)
Tip: straighten v. make clean 弄直
*
. She twitched the corner of the blanket to straighten it.
straighten up make straight 弄干净
. You’d better straighten up your house.
Key: Mark and I managed to straighten up the house before our parents got home.
6.I think I must be coming down with flu —I’ve been feeling low and ill all day. (wretched.) Tip: wretched adj. poor, miserable 可怜不幸的
. The wretched boy was begging along the street again.
]
Key: I think I must be coming down with flue —I’ve been feeling wretched all day.
7.The government made a decision to take further actions against corruption. (resolve)
Tip: resolve v. decide 决心
. He resolved that nothing can hold him back.
Key: The government resolved to take further actions against corruption.
8.The young English teacher thought so highly of poetry that he taught it with extreme
enthusiasm. (missionary)
Tip: missionary adj. related to religious mission 与传教有关的，有使命的*
. Our missionary work had an important breakthough.
Key: The young English teacher thought so highly of poetry that he taught it with missionary zeal.
9.There’s one rule for her and another rule for everyone else and it’s sheer double dealing.
(hypocrisy)
Tip: hypocrisy n. insincerity 伪善，虚伪
. We are so fed up with his hypocrisy.
Key: There’s one rule for her and another rule for everyone else and it’s mere hypocrisy.
II. Grammar Exercises
）
1. The passive voice
A passive construction occurs when you make the object of an action into the subject of a sentence. That is, whoever or whatever is performing the action is not the grammatical subject of the sentence.
The Passive is formed: Passive Subject + To Be + Past Participle. If the agent is important (the person, company or thing that does the action) , use “by”. If it is not definite and does not carry any essential information, it can be omitted.
※Only verbs that take an object can be used in the passive voice.
e. g. Houses are built.
My bike was stolen.
Practice:
Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the verbs given.
1. People were surprised to find that an enormous hole ____________ (cut) in the steel door by the burglars.
^
2. It’s high time that he _____________ (tell) to stop behaving like a child.
3. As she _____________ (climb) the ladder, it slipped sideways and she fell off it.
4. I know a new film _____________ (show) at the cinema these days.
5. I know a new film _____________ (show) at the cinema in two days.
6. I know a new film _____________ (show) at the cinema recently.
Keys:
1. had been cut
2. was told (The past tense is used to show the hypothetical meaning.)
3. was climbing (The active voice is used because the subject of the sentence is the one who performs the action.)
\
4. are being shown (The present continuous tense is used because “these days” refers to a period of time in which an action is continuously being performed.)
5. will be shown ( “In two days” refers to sometime in the future.)
6. has been shown (The adverb “recently” is a marker of present perfect tense.)
2. Subordination
Subordination (abbreviated variously SUBORD, SBRD, SUBR or SR) is a complex syntactic construction in which one or more clauses are dependent on the main clause.Dependent clauses are also called “subordinate clauses”.
Subordinate clauses are introduced by a subordinating conjunction, such as, after, although, as much as, as long as, as soon as, because, before, if, in order that, lest, since, so that, than, that, though, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether, and while, etc.
. I don't know if George is awake yet.
George overslept because his alarm clock was broken.。

Practice:
Join the two sentences into one, using the words and phrases given.
in order that unless as since when until
1. You will hurry up. You will miss the bus.
2. No one is against the proposal. We will adopt the proposal.
3. The train had left. I reached the station.
4. It was raining hard. We had to be indoors.
5. You are crossing the street. You must be careful.
6. I sent the letter by air mail. It might reach him in time.
—
Keys:
1. You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.
2. Since no one is against the proposal, we will adopt it.
3. I didn’t reach the station until the train had left.
4. As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors.
5. When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.
6. I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time.
III. Translation exercises
1．有许多志愿者为北京2008奥运会提供了有价值的服务。

(render a service to)
[
Explanation：
If you render a service to a person or an institution, you do good to it; make contribution to it or help it.
Translation：
Many volunteers rendered a valuable service to the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. Practice：
以后如有机会，我们将乐于为贵公司提供同样的服务，作为对这次协助的报答。

should opportunity occur, it would give us great pleasure to be able to render you a similar service as the return for the assistant.
朋友唯一能提供的真正服务，就是拿起一面镜子，让你看见自己高贵的影像，使你鼓起勇气，坚持下去。

The only service a friend can really render is to keep up your courage by holding up to you a mirror in which you can see a noble image of yourself.
—
2. 世界经济处于危急状态，各国政府必须采取紧急措施应对。

(desperate)
Explanation：
desperate: adj. necessary
Translation：
The world economy is in a desperate situation, so all governments must take desperate measures to cope with.
Practice：
一个亡命之徒为了达到自己的目的什么事都做得出来。

A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.
在之后的危机环境下，政府愈加增发钞票。

In the desperate circumstances which followed, the government issued ever more notes.
【
3. 我花了很长的时间才开始感觉到对英语能运用自如。

(feel at home)
Explanation：
If you feel at home in something, you are good at it, you can use it with great ease or it is under your disposal.
Translation：
It was a long time before I began to feel at home in English.
Practice：
西德维尔很快就在球队找到了熟悉的感觉，在这里他找到了很多朋友。

Steve is already beginning to feel at home with his new team mates. He already knew a number of them.
为了使这里更像家的感觉，他们把墙壁装饰了一通，还在墙上写了一些格言。

》
To make themselves feel more at home, they decorated the walls with sayings.
尽管我以前从未在银行工作过，但我觉得在银行工作非常舒适自在。

Although I've never worked for a bank before, I feel quite at home there.
4. 由于经济衰退，有些中小企业家可以说是债台高筑。

(so to speak)
Explanation：
“So to speak” means to use a manner of speaking; figuratively speaking: We still don't have
our heads above water, so to speak.
Translation：
Because of the financial recession, some of small- and medium-size enterprises are, so to speak, up to their necks in debt.
Practice：
；
也可以说她过的是一种天真烂漫的生活。

She was in a state of innocence, so to speak.
可以说，人的一生都在追求美好的生活。

The whole life, so to speak, is involved in the pursuit of good life.
人类社会的历史可以说就是人类不断追求和实现自由的历史。

The history of mankind has been, so to speak, a freedom seeking and realizing history. IV. Exercises for integrated skills
1. Dictation
It is simple enough to say / that since books have classes / -fiction, biography, poetry / -we should separate them / and take from each what it is right / that each should give us. / Yet few people ask from books / what books can give us. / Most commonly we come to books / with blurred and divided minds, / asking of fiction that it shall be true, / of poetry that it shall be false, / of biography that it shall be flattering, / of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. / If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, / that would be an admirable beginning. / Do not dictate to your author: / try to become him. / Be his fellow-worker and accomplice.
(
2. Cloze
Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.
The habit of reading is one of the greatest resources of mankind; we enjoy reading books
annihilates formality. Books are for use, not for show; you should own no book that you are
significant sayings, to refer to them quickly, and then in late years, it is like visiting a forest (9)
Tip:
1)guest: Here you can use a word meaning “someone new to a place”.
2)certain: Here you can use a word meaning “a certain amount of”.
3)damage: The book deserves good care and no ruins.
4)pages: The book is read page by page.
5)…
6)although: Here you can use a word meaning “despite”.
7)intimacy: Here you can use a word meaning “close tie”.
8)mark: You may write on the book.
9)practice: Here you can use a word meaning “behavior”.
10)where: Here you can use a word to lead an attributive clause.
10) earlier: Here you can use a word meaning “previous”.
V. Oral activities
1.Giving a talk
Imagine yourself to be the seven-year-old Pearl Buck, living in a place south of the Yangtze River. Suppose one day you have spent the whole day with the local people. Tell what you saw, heard, and did, basing your talk on the content of the second paragraph.
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You could probably begin your talk with “My dad and mom are busy, very, very busy. They have no time to spend on me. So I often walk out and wander along the river, sometimes for one or two hours, sometimes for a half or even a whole day. Now let me share with you what I saw, heard and did today.”
For your reference:
You may use the following words or expressions in your talk:
solitary, rice fields, deep and treacherous and golden river, muddy fats, huge four-square nets, moving yellow flood, flashing, silver fish, villages of boat folk, shallower waters, threshing, rice and cabbage at meal time, answer careless questions, kind teasing laughter, alien.
2.Having a discussion
As English majors, you must have read Charles Dickens either in the original or in Chinese, or have seen a movie or a TV play based on one of his novels, or at least have heard about him and his major novels. Have a discussion in groups of five or six, sharing information with your fellow students about Charles Dickens and his works.
For your reference:
(
—I like Dickens’ quotes very much. For example, “Love makes the world go round.” “Industry is the soul of business and t he keystone of prosperity.” “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going directly to Heaven, we were all going the
other way.”
— I like Hard Times very much. It was written specifically to challenge the prevailing view of his society, that is, practicality and facts were more important than feelings and persons. In this novel, Dickens despised the ruthlessness in business and public educational systems.
He laid part of the charge for the heartlessness of Englishmen under the utilitarian philosophy. He taught me to despise money grubbing and to sympathize with the poor and innocent people.
—I think Dickens’ most novels were written based on his personal experience. You see, he was born in Portsmouth to a clerk. When he was young, his father was imprisoned in the prison for debtors and at age twelve he began working in a blacking warehouse. It was a miserable time for the young Dickens, and its themes recur frequently in his novels, and the mistreatment of children and child labor are common subjects.
VI. Writing Practice
1. Misplaced Modifiers
The meaning of English sentences depends largely on word order. The modifiers, whether they are single words, phrases, or clauses should point clearly to the words they modify. A misplaced modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that is improperly separated from the word it modifies or describes. Because of the separation, sentences with this error often sound awkward, ridiculous, or confusing. Furthermore, they can be downright illogical. Generally speaking, misplaced modifiers may fall into the following several categories.
A. Misplaced limiting adverbs
In standard written English, limiting modifiers, such as almost, even, hardly, just, nearly, merely, only, scarcely, simply etc., restrict or limit the meaning of the words they modify. They are usually placed immediately before the words they modify. The moving of such modifiers can change the meaning of a sentence.
Example:
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Misplaced: Only owls can see in the darkness.
[Other animals cannot see in the darkness.]
Clear: Owls can see only in the darkness.
[Owls cannot see in daytime.]
B. Misplaced phrases
Phrases can appear at the beginning of a sentence, inside a sentence, or at the end. But we should be careful that they modify only what we intend them to modify.
Example:
Misplaced: In utter despair we could imagine what a man would do.
[We are in despair.]
\
Clear: We could imagine what a man in utter despair would do.
[A man is in despair.]
C. Misplaced clauses
Adjective clauses usually come immediately after the noun they modify. When they are placed otherwise, the sentence may sound awkward, and its meaning may be obscure. Example:
Misplaced: The customer sent back the food to the cook that was spoiled.
[The cook was spoiled.]
Clear: The customer sent back to the cook the food that was spoiled.
[The food was spoiled.]
[
D. Squinting modifiers
Squinting modifiers refer to those that may be understood to modify either a preceding word or a following one, leaving the reader uncertain about what it is intended to modify. A modifier can modify only one grammatical element in a sentence. It cannot serve two elements at once. Example:
Squinting: The teacher said on Monday she will return our essays.
[Did the teacher say on Monday or would she return the essays on Monday]
Clear: On Monday the teacher said that she will return our essays.
[She said on Monday.]
The teacher said that she will return our essays on Monday.
[She would return the essay on Monday.]
^
E. Awkward splitting of verb phrases
A verb phrase consists of an auxiliary plus a main verb, as in will call, was going, had been writing. Such phrases constitute close grammatical units. We regularly insert single-word adverbs in them without causing awkwardness: Jane had almost completed her assignment.But when longer word groups interrupt verb phrases, the result is almost always awkward.
Example:
Awkward: You should now begin to, if you wish to pass the exam, work harder.
Improved: If you wish to pass the exam, you should now begin to work harder.
2. Practice
Each of the following sentences contains a misplaced modifier. Put it in the right place.
1. He said tonight he’d call me.
?
(Tonight is a squinting modifier. It is not clear whether he said tonight or he would call me tonight.) Revised:Tonight, he said he’d call me. / He said he’d call me tonight.
2. Dancing joyfully on the lawn, the mother found her kids.
(Dancing is misplaced. It is the kids instead of the mother who are dancing.)
Revised:The mother found her kids dancing joyfully on the lawn.
3. Professor Brown taught a class on modern films that the students enjoyed.
(That clause is misplaced. Students enjoyed the class instead of the films.)
Revised:The st udents enjoyed Professor Brown’s class on modern films.
4. A more challenging, as we see it, curriculum could be offered.
(The phrase challenging curriculum is separated awkwardly.)
Revised: As we see it, a more challenging curriculum could be offered.
5. The young man needs someone to guide him onto the right path badly.
(The adverb badly should be placed immediately before the word it modifies.)
Revised: The young man badly needs someone to guide him onto the right path.
VII. Listening Exercises
Attraction of a Bookshop
Listen to the following passage and supply the missing information.
Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely
You may even have entered the shop just to
the reason, you can soon become totally
The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust jacket is irresistible, although this
ought not to be followed, as you might end up with
You soon become in some book or other, and usually it is only much later
that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must to keep some
– without buying a book, of course.
This opportunity to of everyday life is, I think, the
approach you with I help you, sir” You needn’t buy
anything if you don’t want. In a bookshop an assistant should
until you have finished browsing.
Then, and only then, are his services necessary. Of course you may want to find out where
is, but when he has should
in a bookshop. It is
This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from
a great deal of time wandering from section to section.
Tapescript
Attraction of a Bookshop
Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely you are there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings.
The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust jacket is irresistible, although this method of selection ought not to be followed, as you might end up with a rather dull book.
You soon become engrossed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment – without buying a book, of course.
This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. You can wander round such places to your heart’s content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting, “Can I help you, sir” You needn’t buy anything if you don’t want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing.
Then, and only then, are his services necessary. Of course you may want to find out where a particular section is, but when he has led you there, the assistant should retire carefully and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book.
You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section.
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