高中英语语法复习 第四讲 非谓语动词讲练

四非谓语动词
语法精讲一、概述：
在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。

非谓语动词有动词不定式；动词的-ing形式；过去分词。

（一）非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：
1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用:
They built a garden. They suggested building a garden.
2）都可以被状语修饰：The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well.
3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化（过去分词除外）。

例：He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）
He avoided being punished by his parents.（ing形式的被动式）
We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）
Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）
4）都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）
The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）
We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）
We being League member, the work was well done.（ing形式的逻辑主语）
（二）非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：
1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动词的-ing形式），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。

2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式、动词的-ing 形式和过去分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。

3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式、动词的-ing 形式和过去分词），在句中作状语。

非谓语动词的句法功能一览表：
主 语
表 语
宾 语
补 语
定 语
状 语
同位语
不定式
-ing 形式
过去分词
1、 不定式的形式：不定式分为带to 和不带to 的不定式两种（以write 为例） 主 动 被 动 一般式 to write to be written
进行式 to be writing /
完成式 to have written to have been written
完成进行式
to have been writing
/
等
2. -ing 形式的形式：（以write;go 为例） -ing 形式
及 物 动 词 write
不及物动词go
主动语态被动语态主动语态
一般式writing being written going
完成式having written having been written having gone
二、非谓语动词的用法比较
1）动词不定式和-ing形式作主语比较
-ing形式作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作，不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。

例如：
1. _______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old．（MET 1992）
A.The walk B．Walking C．To walk D．Walk 答案是B
2. It is not unusual for workers in that region _________.
A． to be paid more than a month later B. to be paid later than more a month
C． to pay later than a month more D. to pay later more than a month 答案是A.
2. 动词不定式、-ing形式、过去分词作表语比较
（1）如果-ing形式的作用相当于名词时，不定式和-ing形式作表语的区别同作主语一样。

His job is building houses． Our task now is to increase food production．The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers．
The most important thing is to put theory into practice．
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，_____ it more difficult．
A．not make B．not to make C．not making D．do not make （Key：B）。