Chapter6. Language and Cognition40页PPT文档

• Psycholinguists investigate the relationship between language and thought.
Six subjects of research within psycholinguistics.
• Acquisition
• Disorders
• An important focus of psycholinguistics is the largely unconscious application of grammatical rules that enable people to produce and comprehend intelligible sentences.
• Superordinate categories are less good categories than basic level categories, because although members are relatively distinct from members of neighboring categories, within-category resemblance is relatively low;
<1> Basic level
• The most inclusive level at which there are characteristic patterns of behavioral interaction;
• The most inclusive level for which a clear visual image can be formed;
• The conceptual approach is concerned with the patterns in which and the processes by which conceptual content is organized in language.
• PSYCHOLINGUISTICS is the study of psychological aspects of language; it studies the psychological states and mental activity associated with the use of language.
stage
• Word recognition • Comprehension of sentences
• Access to words • Generation of sentences • Written language production
Cognitive linguistics is based on human experiences of the world and
• Attention / Salience • Judgment / Comparison • Perspective / Situatedness
CATEGORIZATION is the process of classifying our experiences into
different categories based on commonalities and differences.
• The term
is used to
refer to the mental processes of an
indiocess
or faculty of knowing, including
aspects such as awareness,
perception, reasoning, and judgment.
• The psychological approach looks at language from the perspective of relatively general cognitive systems ranging from perception, memory, attention to reasoning.
<1> Basic level
• The most inclusive level at which part-whole information is represented.;
• The level used for everyday reference;
<2> Superordinate level
• There exist three approaches to the study of language and cognition: the formal approach, the psychological approach and the conceptual approach.
• The formal approach basically addresses the structural patterns exhibited by the overt aspect of linguistic forms, largely abstracted away from or regarded as autonomous from any associated meaning.
• Comprehension • Language and
• Production
thought
• Neurocognition
• Holophrastic stage • Two-word stage • Stage of three-word utterances • Fluent grammatical conversation
the way they perceive and conceptualize the world
(Ungerer&Schmid 2019/2019)
CONSTRUAL is the ability to conceive and pottray the same situation in alternate ways through specificity, different mental scanning, directionality, vantage point, figure-ground segregation etc.