雅思阅读词汇认知训练

阅读认知词汇训练
Stems and Affixes (1)
Using context clues is one way to discover the meaning of an unfamiliar word. Another way is word analysis, that is looking at the meanings of parts of words. Many English words have been formed by combining parts of older English, Greek, and Latin words. If you 'know the meanings of some of these word parts, you can often guess the meaning of an unfamiliar English word.
.Then do the exercises which follow . Some questions require the use of a dictionary
Exercise1:
l: In each item , select the best definition of the italicized word.
a. In retrospect ,we would have been wise to leave our money in the bank
1.many years ago 3.in fact
2.looking around 4.looking back
b: He lost his spectacles
1 .glasses 3.pan's
2.gloves 4.shoes
c: He inspected their work
1 .spoke highly of 3.exarnined closely
2.did not examine 4.did not like
2:In the word inspected , what is the meaning of the prefix in?
3 :List three words familiar to you which contain in where it means not
4:Is scribble derived from scrib ? (Use your dictionary) What does scribble mean ?
5:Is coloration derived from col ? (Use your dictionary)
6:Using what you know about stems and affixes, define the italicized word in the following sentence:
Some scholars have been able to read the inscriptions on the walls of ancient temples
7:Use word analysis to explain what predict means
8.In current usage, the prefix co is frequently used to form new words (for example, co+editors becomes coeditors). Give another example of a word which uses co in this way.
9:Spir is a root which means breathe. Look up conspirators in your dictionary, and explain how
the meaning of the word developed from the meanings of the stem and affixes from which it is derived
Exerise 2
Following is a list of words containing some of the stems and affixes introduced in this unit . Definitions of these words appear on the right. These words are probably unfamiliar to you ,It is NOT the purpose of this exercise to teach you the definitions of all these words .Instead, the exercise is designed to serve as a review of the stems and affixes defined in this section and as a way for you to practice using the technique of word analysis to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words.
Put the letter of the appropriate definition next to each word.
1.______microscope a. the science of hearing
2.______audition b. an instrument used to make small objects large enough
3.______phonoscope to see and study
4.______audiometer c. the act or sense of hearing
5.______audiology d. an instrument which tests the quality of strings for
musical instruments
e. an instrument for measuring hearing
Stop. check your answers before going on to the next part
6.___gramophone a: an instrument for doing extremely small writing
7.___chronometer b: an instrument for measuring small distances
8.___micrometer c: the science of dating events accurately and arranging them in order of occurrence
9.___micrograph d: phonograph, an instrument that records or reproduces sound
10.__chronology e: an instrument for measuring time very accurately
11.__chronoscope a: the sign or symbol representing a sound or word
12.__phonogram b: an instrument to measuring small periods of time
13.__microphone c: the study of speech sounds
14.__phonology d: the study of unimportant matters
15.__micrology e: an instrument used to make weak sounds louder
16.__audiphone a: a graph showing the percentage of hearing loss in a particular ear
17.__chronic b: a historian
18.__audiogram c: long-lasting; constant: habitual
19.__phonometer d: a device to help the partially-deaf hear
20.__chronicler e: an instrument used to measure the intensity and vibration frequency of sound
WORD STUDY: Stems and Affixes (2)
Below is a list of some commonly occurring stems and affixes. Study their meanings, then do the exercises which follow. Your teacher may ask you to give examples of words you know which are derived from these stems and affixes.
Exercise 1.
In each item, select the best definition of the italicized word or phrase or answer the question.
1. The first thing Jim did when he got off the train was look for a porter
a: man who sells tickets c: man who carries luggage
b: taxi cab d: door to the luggage room
2. No matter what Fred said, Noam contradicted him
a: said the opposite c: laughed at him
b: yelled at him d: didn't listen to him
3: The doctor is a specialist in the human respiratory system. She knows most about: a: bones c: nerves
b: lungs d: the stomach
4:He circumvented the problem.
a: described c: went around ,'avoided
b: solved d: wrote down ,copied
5:Use what you know about stems and affixes to explain how the following words were derived telephone
telegram
television
6. When would a photographer use a telephoto lens for his camera?
e word analysis to explain what support means
8:What is the difference between interstate commerce and intrastate commerce?
e word analysis to explain what supersonic speed is_____________________________? 10: At one time, many European towns depended on the system of aqueducts built by the Romans for their water supply. What is an aqueduct?
11:If a person has a receding hairline , what does he look like?
Exercise 2
Following is a list of words containing some of the stems and affixes introduced in this unit and the previous one. Definitions of these words appear on the right .Put the letter of the appropriate definition next to each word.
1. anteroom a: capable of being carried easily
2 portage b: the carrying of boats or goods overland from one body of water to another
3. portable c: able to bend without breaking not stiff
4. antecedent d: something which happened or existed before another thing
5. flexible e: a room forming an entrance to another one
6. superscript a: to bend or mm to one side something which was following a straight path
7: transport b: a letter or symbol written immediately above and to the side of another symbol 8: transmit c: an administrative officer a boss
9. supervisor d: to carry from one place to another ,especially over a distance
10. deflect e: to send from one person or place to another
11. vociferous a: to call back ;to cancel
12. revoke b: to come together as a group
13. vocation c: characterized by a noisy outcry or shouting
14. convene d: instrument for measuring the distance of an object far from an observer
15. telemeter e: the career one believes himself called to; one's occupation or profession
16. circumscribe a: the observation or examination of one's own thought processes
17. subsequent b: to come between points of time or events
18. introspection c: to draw a line mound
19. intervene d: following in time ,order ,or place
20. consequence e: a logical result or conclusion, the relation of effect to cause
WORD STUDY : Stems And Affixes (3)
Below is a list of some commonly occurring stems and affixes, Study their meanings then do the exercises which follow. Y our teacher may ask you to give examples of words which are derived
Exercise 1
In each item ,select the best definition of the italicized word or phrase
1: The small country was ruled by a monarch for 500 years
a: king or queen c: group of the oldest citizens
b: single family d: group of the richest citizens
2:He was interested in anthropology
a: the study of apes c: the study of royalty
b: the study of insects d: the study of man
3:Some citizens say the election of William Blazer will lead to anarchy.
a: a strong central government c: the absence of a controlling
b: a government controlled by one man d: an old-fashioned, out-dated government
4:If a man is a bigamist, he
a: is married to two women c: has two children
b: is divorced d: will never marry
5.Which of the following pairs of words are homonyms?
a: good bad c: lie die
b: Paul Peter d: two too
6: Which of the following pairs of words are antonyms?
a: sea see c: read read
b: wet dry d: Jim Susan
7: The reviewer criticized the poet's amorphous s tyle
a: unimaginative c: stiff, too ordered
b: unusual d: lacking in organization and form
8:Dan says he is an atheist
a: one who believes in one god c: one who believes in many gods
b: one who believes there is on god d: one who is not sure if there is a god
9:There was a great antipathy between the brothers
a: love b: dislike
b: difference d: resemblance
10. How are the meanings of manufacture and manuscript different from the meanings of the stems from which they are derived? Use your dictionary if necessary.
Exercise 2
Following is a list of words containing some of the stems and affixes introduced in this unit and previous ones. Definitions of these words appear on the right. Put the letter of the appropriate definitions next to each word.
1._____manual a. the practice or condition of having many or several marriage partners
2._____manicure b. professional care of the hands and fingernails
3._____polygamy c. one who performs good deeds
4._____benediction d. the act of saying a blessing
5._____benefactor e. the practice or condition of having one marriage partner
f. of or pertaining to the hands; done by the hand or hands
6._____monogamy a. having or resembling the human form
7.____anthropomorphous b. occurring at the same time
8._____heteromorphic c. of, having, or pertaining to more than one color
9._____anthropometry d. the measurement of the size and proportions of the human body
10.____misnomer e. dissimilar in shape, structure, or magnitude
11.___ heterochromatic f. a wrongly applied name or designation; an error in naming a person
or thing
12.____synchronous a. the belief that there is only one god
13.____monochromatic b. pertaining to one color or one wave length only
14._____polychrome c. the belief in more than one god
15._____monotheism d. the science or study of divine things or religious truths
16._____polytheism e. being of many or various colors
17._____anonymous f. giving no name; of unknown authorship
18._____theology
19._____archenemy a. agreement in feeling between persons
20._____archetype b. a chief opponent
21._____sympathy c. the original model or form after which a thing is made
22._____pathetic d. resembling man
23._____anthropoid e. causing pity; affecting the feelings
24._____synonym f. a word having the same, or nearly the same, meaning as
another in the language
WORD STUDY: Stems and Affixes (4)
Below is a list of some commonly occurring stems and affixes. Study their meanings
then do the exercises which follow. Your teacher, may ask you to give examples of
In each item, select tile best definition of the italicized word or phrase or answer the question.
1. To apply to some universities, you must fill out the application form and include a short
autobiography.
a. sample of your writing c. list of courses you have taken
b. account of your life written by you d. list of schools you have attended
2 :The policeman used a megaphone
a: a portable radio c: an instrument to make his voice louder
b: a long stick d: a telephone in his car
3 :Dr Swanson has written articles about interstellar travel
a: underwater c: high-speed
b: long -distance d: outer space
4:Janet is interested in autographs of famous people.
a: pictures c: families
b: personalities d: signatures
5:The government is financing a study of the effects on man of living in a megalopolis.
a: an apartment in a large building c: a dangerous part of a city
b: an extremely large city d: a city with a large police force
7:Children learning to ride bicycles probably already how to ride a
a: unicycle c: tricycle
b: megacycle d :motorcycle
9:Nautical means pertaining to seamen, ships, or navigation, Explain how the word astronaut is formed.
10.Why are the clothes that nurses, policemen , and soldiers wear called uniforms
11 :People who study population often speak of the world mortality rate What is the opposite of mortality rate?
Exercise 2
Following is a list of words containing some of the stems and affixes introduced in this unit and the previous ones, Definitions of these words appear on the right, Put the letter of the appropriate definition next to each word
1. psychologist a: worldly-wise; knowing; finely experienced
2. philanthropist b: a written history of a person's life
3. sophisticated c: the science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena
4: biochemist d: one who studies the chemical compounds and processes occurring in
organisms
5: biography e: one who shows love for mankind by doing good works for society
6: biology f: one who studies mental processes and behavior
7: antibiotic a: an optical instrument which allows a submarine to observe the surface from
below the water
8: asteroid b: an instrument used to detect an object too small to be seen with an ordinary
microscope
9: megascopic c: resembling a star
10 periscope d: visible to the unaided eye; enlarge, magnified
11: ultra microscope e: a substance capable of killing microorganisms
12: astronomer f: a scientific observer of the planets, stars, and outer space
13: cycle a: a series or group of three related dramas, operas ,novels, etc
14: semicircle b: a half circle
15: trichromatic c: pertaining to the Use or combination of three different colors
16: trilogy d: the study of the influence of the stars on human affairs
17: astrology e: one of three children born at one birth
18: triplet f: a recurring period of time in which certain events repeat themselves in
the same order and at the same intervals
19: unilateral a: a person who has many millions of dollars
20: bilateral b: having many colors
21: ultraviolet c: pertaining to, involving ,or affecting only one side
22: multimillionaire d: affecting two sides or parties
23: ultra nationalism e: invisible rays of the spectrum lying beyond the violet end of the
visible spectrum
24: multicolored f: excessive devotion to national interests as opposed to international
considerations
WORD STUDY: Stems and Affixes (5)
Below is a list of some commonly occurring stems and affixes. Study their meaning, then do the exercise which follow ,Y our teacher may ask you to give examples of words you know which are derived from these stems and affixes
Exercise 1
Read each of the following sentences carefully, and write a definition, synonym, or description of the italic ized word or words. Your teacher may want you to do this exercise orally or in writing.
1. Mr. Adams is employed at a hydroelectric plant.______________________
2. Before Cindy gets dressed in the morning, she looks at the thermometer hanging outside her kitchen window.________________________________________
3. Some doctors prescribe medication to slow down hyperactive children._________.
4. I'm not sure if that information is correct, but I'll look in our records to verify
it.______________________________________________.
5. Susan wants to replace the pedals on her bicycle with a special kind which racers
use.__________________________________________________
6. After spending so many days lost in the desert, he was suffering from severe
dehydration.__________________________________________________
7. June's father's hobby is photography, so she bought him a top-quality tripod for his birthday.___________________________________________
8. He will never learn how to improve his writing unless he stops being so hypersensitive to criticism.____________________________________
9. Dr. Robinson said that just the sight of a hypodermic needle is enough to frighten many of his patients.____________________________________________
10. Although she finished her degree in dentistry in 1960, she wants to go back to school next year to specialize in orthodontics.
11. The immigration authorities deported Mr. Jensen because he did not have a legal passport.
_________________________________________________
12. The average per capita annual income in this country for people between the ages of sixteen and sixty-five has risen dramatically in the last ten years.
13. Mr. Thompson made an appointment with a dermatologist because he noticed small red spots on his hands.__________________________________________
14. Scientists have developed a sensitive instrument to measure geothermal
variation.______________________________________________
15. Anthropologists say that bipedalism played an important role in the cultural evolution of the human species. Because early man was bipedal, his hands were free to make and use
tools._____________________________________________________
Exercise 2:
Following is a list of words containing some of the stems and affixes introduced in this unit and the previous ones . Definitions of these words appear on the right ,Put the letter of the appropriate definition next to each word
1: hypodermis a: the length of a straight line which passes through the center of an object 2: diameter b: the outer layer of skin of some animals
3: diachronic c: the part of the earth's surface directly above the place of origin of an
earthquake.
4: epicenter d: the tissue immediately beneath the outer layer of tissue of plants
5: epidermis e: of or relating to phenomena as they occur over a period of time
6: epigraph f: a quotation printed at the beginning of a book or chapter to suggest its theme
7: orthography a: fear of water
8: hydrate b: conventional; agreeing with established or accepted doctrine
9: decapitate c: fat large of body
10: orthodox d: to cut off the head of
11: hydrophobia e: correct spelling; writing words with the proper, accepted letters
12: corpulent f: to cause to combine with water or the element of water
13: lithoid a: of or related to walking; a person who walks
14: pedestrian b: stone-like
15: megalith c: a stone of great size; especially one used in primitive monuments 16: corporeal d: a dead body
17: corpse e: the care and treatment of the human foot in heath and disease
18: podiatry f: bodily, of the nature of the physical body; not spiritual
19: decentralize a: a passage to one side; a route which goes around a town
20: bypass b: to divide and distributes what has been concentrated or united
21: diaphanous c: characterized by such fineness of texture as to permit seeing though 22: verisimilitude d: of or relating to the form of the earth or its surface features
23: by-product e: the quality of appearing to be true
24: geomorphic f: a secondary and sometimes unexpected result; something produced (as
in manufacturing) in addition to the principal product。