企业财务基础知识培训教材
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➢ To calculate depreciation consistently with financial reporting requirements
➢ To optimise replacement policies ➢ To minimise ownership costs
People
➢ Control focused ➢ Challenge asset
classes
➢ Comprehensive asset
verification on regular periodic
➢ Depreciation rates in management accounts in line with statutory rates
or rolling basis where asset cannot be verified via technical assumptions (most telco’s do not verify network assets: the
requisition proposals
Information Systems
➢ Asset ledgers integrated with GL and AP
➢ Depreciation and project control by cost centre
➢ Automated depreciation calculation
➢ Revaluation of features and mass transfers of assets to new cost centres
System Features
➢ Acquisition linked to purchase
order and accounts payable
➢ Depreciation charged
➢ Asset ownership devolved to business unit level
Processes
➢ Maintain asset register ➢ Acquisitions and
disposals ➢ Depreciation charge ➢ Verifying asset base ➢ Maintaining of valuation
➢ Identify asset usage
➢ Set up appropriate contrPolroofcaesssestFeatures
➢ Revalue key assets on a regular
acquisition and disposals across
➢ Depreciate at point of asset use basis based on book value and
Controls
➢ Asset verification ➢ Asset valuation ➢ Acquisition and
disposal authorities
Measures
➢ Number of assets maintained
➢ Cost of department
➢ Elapsed time to record asset
Fixed Assets - Level 0 Context Diagram
Accounts receivable
ledger
automatically to cost centres in
➢ Disposals linked to sales ledger
GL
➢ CIP linked to capital project accounting
➢ Forecast asset depreciation for budget purposes
company
high risk
➢ Report on acquisitions and disposals on a monthly basis
➢ Monitor tax issues related to acquisitions or CIP
➢ Apply depreciation rules to asset
企业财务基础知识培训 教材
2021/7/10
Fixed Assets - Best Practice Objectives
Organisation
➢ Asset recording integrated with maintenance and non financial data
➢ Centralised asset accounting
costs/development
➢ Verify non capitalised assets
➢ On line asset register holding key data and current cost allocation
➢ Cost code validation with GL
➢ Automatic links to AP and Project Accounting system to capture acquisitions
➢ Leased asset features compliant with accounting standards
➢ Variable asset valuation mechanisms eg historic, current replacement
➢ Complete asset reports by physical location and cost centre
Fixed Assets - Best Practice Features
Maintain fixed asset register
Control acquisitions and disposals
Manage periodic asset depreciation
Verify and value asset base
➢ BU responsibility for ownership
Fixed Assets - Critical Success Factors
These are a summary of the key business requirements, which must be met to achieve the objectives. ➢ Asset accounting policies clearly documented ➢ Appropriate coding by asset category established ➢ Authority levels clearly defined ➢ Procedures surrounding Fixed Asset process are documented and communicated to staff ➢ Budgets in place for capital expenditure ➢ All existing assets identified and classified ➢ Staff trained in FA process and have clear roles and responsibilities ➢ Statutory and tax requirements understood ➢ FA calendar in place and communicated to staff ➢ Standing data set up on the system reflecting asset accounting policies ➢ Ability to model depreciation scenario
No of Business Unit FTEs per Fixed Assets FTE
5,200
1,400 350
90 percentile
Median
10 percentile
Fixed Assets processing time
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
1 day
14 days
40 days
10 percentile
➢ Effective tax management integrated with the fixed assets
➢ Variable depreciation rules for classes of assets
system
➢ Assets can be grouped for
depreciation rules
basis
Fixed Assets
Objectives
➢ To maintain a complete register of all the organisation’s fixed assets which reflects location, age, current values, associated cost centres
➢ Ensure BU responsibility for assets in their use and for disposal losses
➢ Links asset depreciation to production and product
fact that the network works is verification enough)
➢ Determine asset categories for internal and statutory purposes
➢ Monitor asset maintenance charges
➢ Apply insurance valuation to key assets
➢ Ensure asset responsibility at BU level
Fixed Assets - Trends
From
➢ Separate fixed assets module ➢ Lack of asset ownership ➢ Cost of asset usage not attributed to product ➢ Performed by Finance Department
➢ Report on identified or missing assets
➢ Hold non capitalised physical assists for verification
➢ Bar coding of assets for verification
Fixed Assets - Measures/Cost Drivers
Median
90 percentile
Fixed Assets cost per Business Unit FTE (in £s) £31
£7
10 percentile Median
£151 90 percentile
Cost drivers
➢ Complexity of assets ➢ Number of assets on register ➢ Number of asset movements ➢ Complexity of depreciation policies ➢ Complexity of authorisation procedures ➢ Range of data held ➢ Number of users of data range Source: Statistics taken from Benchmarking database: 21 February 1997
To
➢ Integrated systems for: – Asset tracking via Geographical Information System (GIS) – Asset usage – Network Capacity Planning – Asset Maintenance – Capital project planning and control – Product/service costing
➢ To optimise replacement policies ➢ To minimise ownership costs
People
➢ Control focused ➢ Challenge asset
classes
➢ Comprehensive asset
verification on regular periodic
➢ Depreciation rates in management accounts in line with statutory rates
or rolling basis where asset cannot be verified via technical assumptions (most telco’s do not verify network assets: the
requisition proposals
Information Systems
➢ Asset ledgers integrated with GL and AP
➢ Depreciation and project control by cost centre
➢ Automated depreciation calculation
➢ Revaluation of features and mass transfers of assets to new cost centres
System Features
➢ Acquisition linked to purchase
order and accounts payable
➢ Depreciation charged
➢ Asset ownership devolved to business unit level
Processes
➢ Maintain asset register ➢ Acquisitions and
disposals ➢ Depreciation charge ➢ Verifying asset base ➢ Maintaining of valuation
➢ Identify asset usage
➢ Set up appropriate contrPolroofcaesssestFeatures
➢ Revalue key assets on a regular
acquisition and disposals across
➢ Depreciate at point of asset use basis based on book value and
Controls
➢ Asset verification ➢ Asset valuation ➢ Acquisition and
disposal authorities
Measures
➢ Number of assets maintained
➢ Cost of department
➢ Elapsed time to record asset
Fixed Assets - Level 0 Context Diagram
Accounts receivable
ledger
automatically to cost centres in
➢ Disposals linked to sales ledger
GL
➢ CIP linked to capital project accounting
➢ Forecast asset depreciation for budget purposes
company
high risk
➢ Report on acquisitions and disposals on a monthly basis
➢ Monitor tax issues related to acquisitions or CIP
➢ Apply depreciation rules to asset
企业财务基础知识培训 教材
2021/7/10
Fixed Assets - Best Practice Objectives
Organisation
➢ Asset recording integrated with maintenance and non financial data
➢ Centralised asset accounting
costs/development
➢ Verify non capitalised assets
➢ On line asset register holding key data and current cost allocation
➢ Cost code validation with GL
➢ Automatic links to AP and Project Accounting system to capture acquisitions
➢ Leased asset features compliant with accounting standards
➢ Variable asset valuation mechanisms eg historic, current replacement
➢ Complete asset reports by physical location and cost centre
Fixed Assets - Best Practice Features
Maintain fixed asset register
Control acquisitions and disposals
Manage periodic asset depreciation
Verify and value asset base
➢ BU responsibility for ownership
Fixed Assets - Critical Success Factors
These are a summary of the key business requirements, which must be met to achieve the objectives. ➢ Asset accounting policies clearly documented ➢ Appropriate coding by asset category established ➢ Authority levels clearly defined ➢ Procedures surrounding Fixed Asset process are documented and communicated to staff ➢ Budgets in place for capital expenditure ➢ All existing assets identified and classified ➢ Staff trained in FA process and have clear roles and responsibilities ➢ Statutory and tax requirements understood ➢ FA calendar in place and communicated to staff ➢ Standing data set up on the system reflecting asset accounting policies ➢ Ability to model depreciation scenario
No of Business Unit FTEs per Fixed Assets FTE
5,200
1,400 350
90 percentile
Median
10 percentile
Fixed Assets processing time
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
1 day
14 days
40 days
10 percentile
➢ Effective tax management integrated with the fixed assets
➢ Variable depreciation rules for classes of assets
system
➢ Assets can be grouped for
depreciation rules
basis
Fixed Assets
Objectives
➢ To maintain a complete register of all the organisation’s fixed assets which reflects location, age, current values, associated cost centres
➢ Ensure BU responsibility for assets in their use and for disposal losses
➢ Links asset depreciation to production and product
fact that the network works is verification enough)
➢ Determine asset categories for internal and statutory purposes
➢ Monitor asset maintenance charges
➢ Apply insurance valuation to key assets
➢ Ensure asset responsibility at BU level
Fixed Assets - Trends
From
➢ Separate fixed assets module ➢ Lack of asset ownership ➢ Cost of asset usage not attributed to product ➢ Performed by Finance Department
➢ Report on identified or missing assets
➢ Hold non capitalised physical assists for verification
➢ Bar coding of assets for verification
Fixed Assets - Measures/Cost Drivers
Median
90 percentile
Fixed Assets cost per Business Unit FTE (in £s) £31
£7
10 percentile Median
£151 90 percentile
Cost drivers
➢ Complexity of assets ➢ Number of assets on register ➢ Number of asset movements ➢ Complexity of depreciation policies ➢ Complexity of authorisation procedures ➢ Range of data held ➢ Number of users of data range Source: Statistics taken from Benchmarking database: 21 February 1997
To
➢ Integrated systems for: – Asset tracking via Geographical Information System (GIS) – Asset usage – Network Capacity Planning – Asset Maintenance – Capital project planning and control – Product/service costing