大学英语教案 Unit20

Unit 10 Section A
I. Background Knowledge
1.Robert Schuller
a Christian minister known worldwide for his church, the Crystal Cathedral made of glass and steel, and the Hour of Power church service which has been on television every week for over 30 years.
N
CNN is also called Cable News Network, which is a subsidiary company of Turner Broadcasting Systems.
It was created by Ted Turner in 1980 to present 24-hour live new broadcasts, using satellites to transmit reports from news bureaus around the world. CNN became prominent in 1991 with its coverage of the Persian Gulf War. The company also operates the newa channels Headline News and CNN International.
3.Hamlet
Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is probably the best known of William Shakespeare's works, and may well be the most famous English-language play ever written. Categorized as one of Shakespeare9s "later tragedies”，Hamlet and its namesake hero display fully the mature Bard's extraordinary talents. But while Hamlet has been the subject of admiring critical commentary since Elizabethan times, it has also developed a reputation as a different work to analyze.
The character of Hamlet is one of the most compelling characters ever rising from the pages of English literature. As Shakespeare's play opens, Hamlet is mourning his father, who has been killed, and lamenting the behavior of his mother, Gertrude, who marries his uncle Claudius within a month of his father's death.
Prince Hamlet devotes himself to avenging his father's death, but, because he is contemplative and thoughtful by nature, he delays, entering into a deep melancholy and even apparent madness.
IL Text Analysis
Main idea of the text: The author puts forward, as a good test for honesty, the "Integrity Triangle”: first, standing firmly for your conv ictions when confronted with pressure; second, always giving other people the praise they merit; third, being honest and open about who you are.
Devices for developing it:
1. Listing(歹(J 举法)
General statement: A good test for this value is to apply what I call the "Integrity Triangle", which consists of three key principles. (Para. 3)
Specific statements:
1)Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure. (Para. 4)
2)Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. (Para. 9)
3)Be honest and open about who you really are. (Para. 12)
2.ExempliHcation (例证法)
6.Jane Morrison is identified in the article as a Teaching Assistant (TA). A TA is a student who
helps a university professor with teaching duties such as grading papers, advising students and proctoring examinations, etc.
7.Berkeley is a city in California on the north eastern shore of San Francisco Bay, where
University of California, Berkeley (UC, Berlekey) () is located.
Wi dely known as "Cal,” UC, Berkeley is renowned for the size and quality of its libraries (with a collection of more than 7 million volumes) and laboratories, the scope of its research and publications, and the distinction of its faculty and students.
8.Gary Handman is head of the Media Resources Center in the Moffitt Library at the
University of California, Berkeley.
9.Arianne Chernock is a graduate student in the Department of History at the University of
California, Berkeley.
10.Leslie Farmer is a media teacher in a library, according to the article.
IL Test analysis
Summary:
Writing term papers has been a headache for generations of students. Nowadays, students can purchase, order, or download online term papers. A lot of websites offer this kind of opportunities. That brings forth new problems to teachers. But it is not too difficult for a perceiving teacher to tell whether the student is cheating. Also the teachers can structure the assignment in a creative way to prevent students from cheating.
Structure:
Part I (Paras. 1-7) Nowadays students can purchase, order, or download online term papers.
Part II (Paras.8-10) Some people worry that the Internet could become the best aid for cheating, but it is not very difficult for a perceiving teacher to tell whether the student is the real author of the paper.
Part III (Paras. 11-16) Students who tend to cheat will cheat anyway even without the Internet and the strategy the teachers structure the assignment in a creative way may prevent students from cheating.
III. Language Points
1.cheat v. act dishonestly; treat someone by lying 欺骗
He always cheats at cards.他玩牌时老玩骗术。

Students may be tempted to cheat in order to get into top schools.为进入一流学校，学生可能忍不住作弊。

He cheated the old woman out of her money by making her sign a paper she didn't understand.
他让这老太太在她看不懂的文件上签名，以此骗取她的钱。

n. a person who cheats 骗子
No one likes cheats.没人会喜欢骗子。

2.nerve n. 1. threadlike part in the body that carries feelings and messages to and from the brain
神经
2.courage; strength or control of mind 勇气；胆量
He is a man of nerve.他是个有勇气的人。

I meant to do it, but I lost my nerve.我想干，但我没有勇气。

3.disrespectful manners 厚颜
He had the nerve to say that I was a fool.他居然有脸说我是傻瓜。

3.ultimate a. 1. greatest 最大的
His ultimate goal at the moment is to go and study out of the country.他眼下最大的目标是出国留学。

2.the last or farthest distant; being at the end or happening in the end 最终白勺；最
后的
The ultimate cost of the job was over a hundred dollars.这项工作的最后费用是100 多美元。

4.link n. tie; connection 纽带
Is there a link between smoking and lung diseases?吸烟与肺病之间有没有什么联系？
vt. join or connect 连接
The road links all the new towns.这公路将所有的新城镇都连接了起来。

The fingerprints linked that man to the crime.指纹将那个人与这件罪案联系了起来
5.contemporary a. 1.modem; of the present 当*弋的
a dictionary of contemporary English 一部当代英语词典
contemporary history 当代历史
2.of the same time 同代的
Keats was contemporary with Shelley.
n. a person who belongs to the same period of time 同彳弋人
Keats and Shelley were contemporaries.
John is my contemporary; we are both 52.约翰和我是同代人，我们都是52岁。

6.fake vt. 1. make or copy to trick 伪造; 造假
I thought the painting was old but it had been faked.我以为这是幅古画，但却是JW品。

The picture was faked by sticking together two photos.这张照片是把两张照片拼在一起伪造的。

2. pretend 假装
She faked illness so that she did not have to go to school.她假装生病，这样她就不用上学了。

n. a person or thing that is not what he/she/it looks like or sth. that is not real 假货;JW 品
His diamond ring looked genuine, but it was a fake.他的钻戒看起来像真的，但实际是膺品。

I thought he was a minister but he was a fake and robbed me.我以为他是个传教士，但实际上
是个冒牌货，还抢了我的钱。

The criminal had a fake identity card.那个犯罪分子有一张伪造的身份证。

7.appropriate a. right for the occasion; proper; suitable; fitting 合适的，适当的
Clothes of this kind are not appropriate for school wear.这种衣服不适合在学校穿。

Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word.在每个空白处填入一个恰当的词。

8.reconcile vt. 1. make peace between; make friendly again 和解
They quarreled but now they are completely reconciled.他们争吵过，但现在己和好如初。

2. find agreement between (2 actions or ideas) 调和
I can't reconcile those two ideas.我无法调和这两种思想。

How do you reconcile your principles with your behavior?你怎么使你的原则和行为一致起来？
9.irreconcilable a. impossible to bring into agreement 不可调和的
The partners* differences seem irreconcilable.合伙人之间的分歧似乎难以调和。

Good and evil are irreconcilable.善与恶不可调和。

10.dilemma n. a difficult choice between two (bad) things; a problem 进退维谷；难处
She was in a dilemma as to whether to marry John, who was poor, or Charles, who was ugly.
是嫁给穷鬼约翰还是嫁给丑八怪查尔斯，她陷入了进退两难的境地。

They managed to find a way out of their dilemma.他们设法找至U 了一个摆脱困境的办法。

11.expense n. cost or charge 花费；费用
We can't afford the new house; its expense is too high.我们买不起这新房子，它的费用太高。

The traveling expense amounts to $2,000.旅行费用达到2000 美元。

I got the new car at my father's expense.我用我爸爸的钱买了这辆新车。

12.readily ad. 1. willingly 甘愿
I readily accepted his invitation to a party.我欣然接受了他的宴会邀请。

The little boy does not readily reconcile with his sister.小男孩不愿与他姐姐和解。

2. quickly and easily 轻易地
His father told me not to believe in people readily.他父亲告诉我别轻信别人。

13.hail vt. 1. recognize (someone) as important by calling out (a name of honour)向欢呼..... ；
拥
戴(某人)为……
They hailed him king.我们拥戴他为国王。

2. call out to (someone) by name or in a greeting 招呼
Suddenly, a voice hailed me and there was Jones standing on the other side of the street. 突然听到有人叫我，原来琼斯就站在马路对面。

14.perceive vt. 1. see 看见
Did you perceive the mark on the wall?你看到墙上的斑点了吗？
A key task is to get pupils to perceive for themselves the relationship between success and
effort.重要的是让学生自己看到成功与努力之间的关系。

2. take in with the mind; understand 理解；明白
I soon perceived that I could not make him change his mind.我很快就认识到了我无法使他
改变主意。

They strangely perceive television as entertainment.他们奇怪地将电视看作是一种娱乐。

15.twitch V. move with a quick, sharp pull of a muscle 抽动
He twitched his shoulders.他扭动他的双肩。

When I stood 叩to her, her right cheek would begin to twitch.当我站起来朝她走去时，她的右脸颊就会抽动起来。

n. a slight, unconscious movement of a muscle or a quick, sharp movement of some part of the body 抽动
He developed a nervous twitch and began to open and shut his eyes continuously.
他不安地抽动着，并开始不停地眨眼睛。

16.intellectual a. 1. showing unusual reasoning powers 有矢口识的
an intellectual family 知识分子家庭
Teaching is an intellectual career.教书是一种用脑的职业。

2. concerning the ability to reason (rather than to feel or act)理智的；智力的intellectual subjects 智力课程
Thinking is an intellectual process.思维是一个智力活动过程。

n. a person who is well-informed and intelligent, and interested in activities involving the intellect 矢口识分子
Most of the family are intellectuals.这家人大多数是知识分子。

Teachers, artists and other intellectuals took part in the march.教师、艺术家和其他知识分子参加了这次游行。

17.property n. 1.something owned; possessions 财产
Police searched thousands of homes and finally found the guns and stolen property.警察搜查了儿千户人家，最终找到了枪支和被盗的财产。

The bicycle is the only property I have now.这自行车是我现在惟一的财产了。

2. (area of) land and/ or building(s)房地产
The city is growing and property in the center is becoming more valuable. 城市在扩展，所以市中心的房地产越来越值钱。

Several properties in this street are to be let.这街道的几处房产将被租出去。

3.a quality, power, or effect that belongs automatically to something 属'性
What properties do these plants have?这些植物有什么特性？
18.issue n. 1. an important point 要点;l'可题
The key issue for higher education of the new century is to bring the students1 creativity into full play.新世纪高等教育的关键是要充分发挥学生的创造能力。

2. printing at one time of a magazine, etc. (书、报等) 期、号
I read his article in the March issue of the magazine.我是在这杂志的三月刊上读到他的文章
的。

Here is today's issue of China Daily.这是今天的《中国日报》。

vt. 1. send out; put forth 颁布；发行
The government issues a warning that those who won't pay income taxes will be billed.政府发出了警告，凡不缴纳所得税的人将被罚款。

This official paper is issued by the foreign affairs office.这份官方文件是外事办公室签发的。

2. print; publish 出版；刊行
A monthly magazine is issued every month.月刊杂志每月出版一期。

19.incline v. l.tend to; feel drawn to 倾向；意欲
I inclined to the view that he is right.我倾向于认为他是对的。

2. tend to influence or cause (someone) to feel, think, etc.使倾向；使意欲
The news inclined me to change my mind.这消息使我产生了改变主意的念头。

20.view n. 1. an opinion 观点
In my view, English is a world language.以我看，英语是一种世界语。

You and I have the same view on this matter.你我对这件事的看法一致。

2. what one can see 眼界；视域
He stopped in the doorway, blocking her view.他站在门口 ,挡住了她的视野。

He stood up to get a better view of the blackboard.他站起来，以便能看清黑板上的字。

vt. 1. consider; regard 考虑
The first-generation Americans viewed the country as a land of opportunity. 第一彳弋美国人把美国看成是一块充满机会的土地。

We view any helpful ideas seriously.我们认真考虑任何有帮助的建议。

2.see; watch 看；观察
They came back to view the house again.他们又折回来查看了一下房子。

21.proof a. having or giving protection
This material is proof against fire.这材料是防火的。

That watch is proof against water.这手表是防水的。

n. way of showing that something is true 证据
You have to give proof of residence in Shanghai.你得有居住在上海的证明。

This is not automatically proof that he is wrong.这并不一定证明他错了。

22.narrative n. 1. a story or tale 故事
This is one of the narratives that children are fond of.这是孩子们喜欢的故事之一。

2. the practice or act of telling stories; narration 叙述；讲故事
The writer had great skill in narrative.这位作家是位叙述大师。

a. that narrates or tells 叙述的
That is a narrative poem. 这是一首叙事诗。

Novels belong to narrative art.小说属于叙述性的艺术。

23.curb vt. hold in check; limit 抑制；控制
This advertising aimed at curbing the spread of AIDS.这则广告旨在抑制艾滋病的蔓延。

n. a check; limit 抑制；控制
We have to put a curb on spending.我们得压缩开支。

There is a need for a curb on downloading papers.有必要抑制下载论文的势头。

VLTranslation
Passge A
做坦诚的人
我祖父祖母认为，一个人要么诚实，要么不诚实。

两者之间没有折中可言。

在他们起居室的墙上挂着一幅字，上面写着一句朴实无华的格言：''生活如雪后初霁的大地。

足之所至, 迹必留之。

〃他们没有必要去用语言作出解释一一因为他们用自己的生活方式印证了这一真理。

他们生来就认为，所谓正直，就是有自己的道德界定标准，既不贪财图利，也不因所处的环境而妥协。

正直是判断自身行为的心灵标尺。

遗憾的是，正直这一品格如今己不多见一一而且越来越难寻觅了。

但它却是社会各领域的真正基础，也是我们必须要求自己遵循的一条原则。

检验这一价值观的一个好办法就是运用本人所说的''正直三角原则〃，即下列三大原则：
在面对个人压力的时侯要坚定自己的信念。

有这样一个故事，讲的是一位外科护士第一天到一家知名医院的医疗小组协助开刀的故事。

她的责任是确保手术中的每样手术器械和手术材料都如数清点好。

这位护士对主刀医生说：''你只拿出了11块止血纱布，而我们共用了12块。

我们必须找到最后那一块纱布。

〃
''我全拿出来了，〃外科医生肯定地对她说。

''现在开始缝合刀口。

〃
''你不能这样做，先生，〃护士坚决反对，''我们应该为病人着想。

〃
医生露出了笑容，他抬起左脚，让护士看到了第12块纱布。

''你在这家医院或其他任何一家医院都会干得很出色的。

”他用肯定的语气对她说。

所以，当你确信自己是正确的，就决不能让步。

总是给予别人以他们应得的表扬。

不要害怕那些主意比你妙甚至比你聪明的人。

戴维•奥格尔维是奥美广告公司的创始人，他送给新任命的各部门主管每人一个俄国套娃，每个套娃从大到小依次有五个洋娃娃，以此来说明这个道理。

最小的那个洋娃娃里面装着奥格尔维要告诉他们的话:''如果我们每个人都聘用比我们小的人，那么我们的公司就会变成一个矮子公司。

但是如果我们每个人都聘用比我们大的人, 那么奥美广告公司就会变成一家巨人公司。

〃而奥美广告公司后来真的变成了巨人一一它成了国际上规模最大、名望最高的广告公司之一。

要诚实坦白地表现真正的自我。

缺乏实实在在内涵的人会去依靠外部因素一一如长相或地位一一来保持良好的自我感觉。

他们必然会不择手段地去维护自己的这种假面具，他们不太会去努力提高自己的内涵和素质。

因此，要表现出真正的自我。

别去设法掩盖生活中那些不尽人意的方面。

正如罗伯特•舒勒所说，''艰苦的时光终将过去，坚强的人必将苦尽甘来。

〃换言之，要正视现实，要用成熟的心态去迎接生活的挑战。

自尊和问心无愧是正直的两个重要组成部分，也是加深你与他人关系的基础。

为人正直意味着去做你应该做的事，因为那是对的，而不是因为合乎潮流或迎合了政治上的需要。

在生活中如果能坚持原则，抵制住放松道德标准的种种诱惑，那你就会永远立于不败之地。

这样，你在跨入21世纪的时侯，用不着去为自己过去的所作所为而抱憾。

这就是我祖父祖母教给我的做人道理。

Passage B
网上资源：最佳的作弊辅助手段？
旧金山（美国有线新闻电视网）■■对一代又一代的学生来说，写学期论文即使不是最可怕的作业，也至少一直是让他们头疼和沮丧的主要原因。

但是对于那些可以上网的人来说, 借助几次连接就可以窃取到相关的资料。

当代学生若想抄袭学期论文，用不着费劲去查找。

他只要找对网址，就可以在那儿购买、预定或免费下载网上的论文。

例如在”大学关心网助研中心”就能办到。

你想”写“一篇关于”哈姆雷特所面临的不可调和的道德困境”的论文吗？只要交上29.75美元，文章就归你了。

对于那些觉得这还太贵的人来说，可以另觅他法。

”大学保姆网”以每页5.95美元的价格出售收录在档的现成论文，且”论文质优价低”。

这样，对于那些在乎价格的学生来说，买上几页就可大功告成了。

”论文精粹“是另一个学生援助网站，它提供”优质”而”价廉”的学期论文。

”让您称心、保您成功。

这是该网站向潜在客户夸下的海口。

如果你实在太懒或实在太忙，没时间写学期论文，那么”论文精粹”时刻恭候着你。

只要一次性交费9.95美元，你就能看到别人在整个学期里写的论文。

有的网址，如”学期论文大卖场“和”绝对免费：网上论文”，免费提供课程论文。

你只需按一下键钮，然后下载--只要你找到了想要的文章，也成。

当然，学生们对这些网上资源了如指掌，于是有人担心，因特网一旦成为广受欢迎的最佳学习工具，也可能会变成作弊的最佳辅助手段。

对于教师来说，他们面对的问题是要分辨学生是否是论文的真正作者。

不过，简X莫里森助教解释说，对于眼光敏锐的老师来说，这事儿也许不太难。

”如果文章是来自因特网，学生会不敢正眼看我，他们会表现出不安，只是低头看着自己的双脚。

而如果论文是自己一字一句写出来的，这样的学生能就自己的文章侃侃而谈，而且敢正视我。

”莫里森说。

抄袭学期论文并不是什么新鲜事，多年来人们一直在用盗来的知识财富做交易。

但是因特网的出现提出了这样一个问题：这种新技术是否在使作弊变得更为普遍？
伯克利大学的一位高级管理人员对此表示怀疑。

”对想要作弊的学生，不管技术水平如何，他还是要作弊。

认为因特网这种新工具会提高作弊的发生率，我觉得这是一种偏激的观点。

“加里X汉德曼说。

这一观点得到了伯克利一个名叫阿里亚尼X彻诺克的研究生的支持，他说，学生们最终还是要靠自己来判断怎样做对自己最有利。

”这是个关乎诚实与否的问题。

我们来这儿是学知识的，所以我们应该充分利用这个学习机会。

"
再则，有创造力的教师可以布置出学生无法作弊的作业来。

”如果你布置的作业新颖独特，比如学生们必须根据给定的内容写一份讲义、写一个剧本, 或用第一人称写一篇叙述文，那么你就能制止来路不正的作业。

”图书馆的媒体教师莱斯利X法默如是说。

有的专家说，这种策略将从根本上迫使学生去更多地学习，而不只是下载网上的资料。

The author of this passage argues for the "Integrity Triangle,, with three principles. Two of the principles are respectively supported by an example.
The principle:
Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. Don't be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be more intelligent than you are. (Para. 9)
An example to support the principle:
David Ogilvy, founder of the advertising firm Ogilvy & Mather, clarified this point to his newly appointed office heads by sending each of them a Russian nesting doll with five progressively smaller figures inside.
His message was contained in the smallest doll: "If each of us hires people who are smaller than we are, we shall become a company of dwarfs. But if each of us hires people who are bigger than we are, Ogilvy & Mather will become a company of giants.” And that is precisely what O&M became —one of the largest and most respected advertising organizations in the world.
Now have a look at Para.4 - 7 and fill out the charts below to see how this segment is organized.
The principle:
Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure.
An example to support the principle:
There's a story told about a surgical nurse's assistance during her first day on the medical team at a well-known hospital. She was responsible for ensuring that all surgical instruments and materials were accounted fbr during an operation. The nurse said to the surgeon, "You've only removed 11 sponges, and we used 12. We need to find the last one."
"I removed them al l,” the surgeon assured her, "We'll close now."
"You can't do that, sir,” protested the nurse. "Think of the patient.^,
Smiling, the surgeon lifted his foot and showed the nurse the twelfth sponge. "You'll do just fine in this or any other hospital," he assured her.
Structure:
Part I ((para. 1 -2)
Idea: Honesty or integrity involves having a personal standard of morality and boundaries that does not sell out to convenience and that is not relative to the situation at hand.
Devices for developing it: Citation (引证法)
The author cites his grandparents9case as an introduction to his main idea of the "Integrity Triangle".
My grandparents believed that you were either honest or you were not. There was no middle point. They had a simple saying hanging on their living-room wall: "Life is like a field of newly fallen snow. Where I choose to walk every step will show." They didn't have to talk about it; they demonstrated this truth by their life style.(Para. 1)
Part II (Para.3-13)
Idea: The author argues fbr the "Integrity Triangle" with three principles: stand firmly fbr your convictions under whatever pressure; give others credit they deserve; and be honest about yourself.
Devices for developing it: Deduction (演绎法)(Para. 12-13)
Deduction (演绎法)
Specific argumentations:
People who lack genuine core values rely on external factors 一their looks or status 一in order to feel good about themselves. Inevitably they will do everything they can to preserve this false mask, but they will do very little to enhance their inner value and personal growth.
So be yourself. Don't engage in a personal cover-up of areas that are unpleasing in your life. “Tough times never last but tough people do," as Robert Schuller says. In other words, face reality and be mature in your responses to life's challenges.
Part III (Para. 14)
Idea: My experiences with the online course helped me reap the benefits of hard work.
Devices for developing it: Induction (归纳法)Paragraph 14
Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others. Integrity means you do what you do because it is right and not just fashionable or politically coiTect. A life of principle, of not yielding to the tempting attractions of an easy morality, will always win the day. It will take you forward into the twenty-first century without having to check your tracks in a rear-view mirror. My grandparents taught me that
III. Language points
I New Words
1.demonstrate vt. 1) show clearly 演示，证明
You have to demonstrate how to operate the computer.你得演示一下如何使用这台计算机
vi. 2) take part in a march or meeting to protest or to make demands 参加游行；
示威
Some 30,000 angry farmers are demonstrating in the central square.大约三万贲怒的农民在中央广场举行示威。

2.morality n. 1. moral values; right or wrong 道德
It's not a question of morality but a question of conscience.不是道德问题，而是良心问题。

2.quality; goodness 德行
One's morality often reflects his conscience.人的品行常常与良心连在一起。

3.boundary n. 1. (figuratively) limit 界限；局限
the boundaries of human thought 人类思想的界限
the boundaries of one's knowledge 人的知识的界限
2.dividing line 边界
The river forms the boundary between the two states.这条河是两国的边界。

4.convenience n. 1. comfort 舒适; 便禾U
The new house has every modern convenience.这新房子具有种种现代化的便利设施。

2. usefulness 方便
Shopping bags are provided for the customers' convenience.提供购物袋以方便顾客。

5.inner a. 1. unexpressed; secret 内，L、的
The secret was locked in the inner depths of his mind.这秘密埋藏在他的内心深处。

2. inside内在的；内部的
A closet is usually an inner room.壁橱通常是一个墙内的房间。

A group of children were lost in the inner part of the forest. 一群孩子在森林深处迷失了方
向。

6.apply v. 1. give or have an effect; use for a purpose (使)产生作用，适用于；运用
The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.安全驾驶的规则适用于每一个人。

He knows the rule but does not know how to apply it to his work.他知道这条规则，但不知道如何将它运用到工作中去。

2.request officially 申请
She is applying for a job as secretary.她正申请做秘书工作。

3.cause to work hard; devote 致力于
The reason for his failure in the exam is that he didn't apply himself to his study. 他考试不及格的原因是学习不用功。

7.consist vi. (of) be made up of 由... 组成
The textbook consists of ten units.这本教科书由10个单元组成.
8.ensure vt. 1. make sure or certain 确保
Come early to ensure getting a good seat.早些来，以确保有个好座位。

The novel ensured his name as a great writer.这部小说使他获得了大作家的美誉。

2. make sure of getting; secure 担保
A letter of introduction will ensure you an interview. 一封介绍信可以使你得到面试的机会。

This medicine will ensure you a good night's sleep.这药可保你睡个好觉
9.assure vt. 1. tell positively or confidently 美K重告矢口
I assure you that this medicine cannot harm you.我郑重告诉你，这药对你无害。

2. make (oneself) sure or certain; convince 使确信
Before going to bed she assured herself that the door was locked.睡觉前，她确保自己已把门锁上了。

10.protest v. 1. make complaint, object 反对; 抗议
They protested about the bad food at the hotel.他们抗议旅馆里的食物质量太差。

There was a large crowd in the square, protesting against the war. 广场上聚集了一大群人，他们是在抗议那场战争。

2. declare seriously 宣称
We urged her to come to the party with us, but she protested that she was too tired.我彳门力劝#也和我们一道去参加晚会，但她说自己累了。

n. 1. a statement that declines or objects 抗议
If everyone refused to buy meat in protest, the shops would have to bring their meat prices down.如果大家都拒绝购买肉类以示抗议，商店就得将肉类价格降下来。

2. a serious statement 宣称
The charged man was judged guilty despite his protest of not being at fault.尽管那个被指控的男子宣称自己无辜，他还是被判有罪。

11.concede v. 1. yield 让与
He conceded us the right to walk through his land.他向我们做出了让步，同意我们在他的地盘上通过。

2. admit as true, often unwillingly 承认
The government conceded defeat as soon as the election results were known.选举结果一公布，政府就承认失败了。

I'm willing to concede that a larger car would have cost more, but I still think we should have bought one.我承认大轿车花费高，但我仍认为我们该买一辆。

12.clarify vt. make clear; explain 弄清楚；解释
Thank you for writing and allowing me to clarify the present position.感谢你给我写信并让我解释目前的处境。

13.appoint vt. choose (someone) for a job, etc. 任命
They appointed him as chairman.他们任命他为主席。

They appointed him (to be) chairman.他们任命他为主席。

14.progressive a. 1. moving forward continuously or by stages 连续的; 一步一步的
We see the progressive development of the city with our own eyes.我们亲目艮看至U这座城市在一步步地发展。

2.improving or changing according to new ideas 进步白勺；先进的
This is a progressive firm that uses the most modern methods of operation in its business. 这家公司很先进，采用了最为现代的经营方法。

15.progressively ad. in a way of going from one to the next; step by step in sequence; bit by bit
逐步；逐渐
Her homework became progressively worse.她的家庭作业一次比一次差。

The amount of the loan from the bank was progressively reduced.银行的贷款一次比一次少。

16.external a. 1. (figurative) easily seen but not essential; on the surface 夕卜在的；表面的
Judged by his external appearances he was a quiet man, but he had a violent temper. 从夕卜表看，他是个文静的人，但实际上他脾气很暴躁。

2. outside外部的；外面的
an external wound 夕卜伤
The medicine is for external use, not to drink.这药是外用的，不可内服。

17.inevitable a. which cannot be prevented from happening 可避免白勺
An angry exchange was inevitable because they hated each other so much.他们彳艮不喜欢对方，因此争吵不可避免。

18.preserve vt. 1. keep; protect 保存；保护
We need to preserve the forest.我们需要保护这片森林。

T hope that fate may preserve you from all harm.我祈祷命运保佑你平安。

2. store 储存
preserved eggs 皮蛋preserved fruit 果月甫
19.mask n. a covering for the face, to hide or protect it 面具；面罩
Each motorcycle driver has to wear a mask.每个摩托车驾驶员都得戴面罩。

Vt. 1. put a mask over 戴面具
The bank robbers masked their faces.银行抢劫犯戴了面具。

2. hide掩盖
She tried to mask her feelings.她试图掩盖自己的感情。

A thick cloud masked the sun.厚厚的云层遮住了太阳。

20.tough a. 1. hard; difficult 很难的。