2020北京西城区高三英语一模考试试题详细解析

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2020西城高三英语一模试题解析
本试卷共11页，120分。

考试时长100分钟。

考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

根据短文内容填空。

根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A The International Day of Families, which was started by the United Nations in
1993, ___1___ (hold) on May 15 every year. The day celebrates the ___2___ (important) of families. It aims to deepen people’s understanding of issue ___3___are related to families. With a different theme each year, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organized at local, national and international ___4___ (level).
【答案】1. is held 2. importance 3. that/which 4. levels
【分析】这是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了国际家庭日。

【分析】这是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了国际家庭日。

【1题详解】考查时态和语态。

解析：句意：国际家庭日于1993年由联合国发起，每年5月15日举行。

根据every year 可知时态是一般现在时，且主语是The International Day of Families ，因此此处要用被动语态。

故填is held 。

【本题考查时态语态；提示词 hold 为动词，句子中，除去定语从句外，主语是the International Day of Families ，且除去提示词外无谓语动词，因此考查时态语态。

又因为主语和动词提示词 hold 为被动关系，翻译为“国际家庭日在每年 5 月 15 日被举办”, 时间状语是every year ，可以确定空格时态为一般现在时被动】，可以确定空格时态为一般现在时被动】
【2题详解】考查名词。

句意：这一天庆祝家庭的重要性。

根据冠词the 可知此处要用名词。

故填importance 。

【本题考查词性转换；提示词 important 是形容词，根据开空的位置在of
之前，之前，定冠词定冠词定冠词 the 之后，之后，且前句中已存在谓语动词且前句中已存在谓语动词celebrates ，句意为“这一天庆祝家庭的重
要性。

”，可以判断出词性应该填名词，即important 的名词词性 importance 】
【3题详解】考查定语从句的关系词。

解析：句意：它的目的是加深人们对与家庭有关的问题的理解。

此处是由that/which 引导的定语从句，主语是people’s under standing of issue ，指物，且that/which 在从句中作主语。

故填that/which 。

【本题考查定语从句；首先根据空格后有动词are ，空格上的内容可以修饰空前的名词issue ，翻译为“与家庭有关系的问题”，且去掉从句内容后，句子剩余部分it aims to deepen people’s understanding of issues 为完整句，因此可以判断这个空考察定语从句。

接下来检查从句，从句中动词are 之前缺少主语，且先行词issue 为物，所以应选择关系代词which 或that 充当从句主语】充当从句主语】
【4题详解】考查名词的复数。

解析：句意：每年的这一天都有不同的主题，在地方、国家和国际各级举办各种各样的活动。

根据形容词national and international 形式名词，由events 可知此处要用复数形式。

故填levels 。

【本题考查名词；首先提示词level 为名词，且空前共提到了三个层面，即local, national and international ，由此可知空上应填写名词复数形式】，由此可知空上应填写名词复数形式】
B
For thousands of years, people have been trying to predict the weather. In China during the Shang Dynasty, people___5___ (record) weather forecasts on animal bones and tortoise shells. Centuries later, ___6___ Greece, the philosopher, Aristotle wrote his theories about how weather conditions formed. Weather forecasting advanced over time, with more and more instruments used to
measure temperature, humidity and air pressure. Today, satellite data and computer technology help scientists predict the weather more ___7___ (precise).
【答案】5. recorded 6. in 7. precisely
【分析】这是一篇说明文。

文章讲述了几千年来，人们一直试图预测天气。

由商代人们用兽骨和龟甲记录天气预报到今天卫星数据和计算机技术帮助科学家更准确地预测天气。

【5题详解】考查时态。

句意：在中国的商代，人们用兽骨和龟甲记录天气预报。

此处需要谓语动词，根据during the Shang Dynasty可知时态是一般过去时。

故填recorded。

【6题详解】考查介词。

句意：几个世纪后，哲学家亚里士多德在希腊写下了他关于天气条件如何形成的理论。

in Greece在希腊。

故填in。

【7题详解】考查副词。

句意：今天，卫星数据和计算机技术帮助科学家更准确地预测天气。

此处要用副词修饰动词predict。

故填precisely。

C
Last year, China started testing 5G mobile networks in several cities. The Hongkou District of Shanghai was the first to operate a 5G network. To test the network, Wu Qing, vice mayor of Shanghai, made a phone call ___8___ (use) a Huawei MateX, Huawei’s first 5G smartphone. According to The Telegraph, “5G is the innovation that ___9___ (shape) all our lives for years to come.” It is ___10___ (fast) and more stable than 4G, the previous generation of cellular ( 蜂窝状的) network technology.
【答案】8. using 9. will shape 10. faster
移动网络。

【解析】这是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了去年，中国开始在几个城市测试5G移动网络。

【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。

解析：句意：为了测试这个网络，上海市副市长吴青用华为的首款5G智能手机华为MateX打了一个电话。

根据made a phone call可知此处要用非谓语动词，Wu Qing与use之间是主动关系，要用现在分词。

故填using。

【9题详解】考查时态。

句意：据《每日电讯报》报道，“5G是一项创新，将在未来几年塑造我们所有人的生活。

”根据for years to come可知此处要用一般将来时，主语是that，指的是the innovation。

故填will shape。

【10题详解】考查形容词的比较级。

解析：句意：它比4G更快、更稳定，4G是上一代蜂
窝网络技术。

根据and more stable than可知此处要用形容词的比较级。

故填faster。

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

It was late, about 10:15 p.m., when Janice Esposito arrived at the Bellport train station; she jumped into her Honda Odyssey and began the 20-minute drive home to her husband and seven-year-old son. She’d just returned from visiting her mother and had traveled the route many times before. She practically 11 on autopilot: a left onto Station Road, then a left on Montauk Highway, and then—wham! Out of nowhere a car
T-boned Esposito’s minivan, 12 her to move backward some 100 feet onto the railroad tracks. She 13 in the minivan, bruised ( 撞 伤 ) but mostly just knocked out by the 14 and the airbags.
As it happened, Pete DiPinto was getting ready for 15 . He’d just closed his book and was getting under the covers when he heard the sound of metal on metal and
breaking glass coming from not far outside his bedroom window. A volunteer 16 and
retired teacher, DiPinto, 64, never 17 to think. He grabbed a flashlight
and, still dressed in his pajamas (睡衣), ran out the door. “Any firefighter would have done
what I did,” he told Newsday. “We’re always on 18 .”
The first car he came upon, 2,000 feet from his front yard, was the one that had 19
Esposito. Once DiPinto concluded the driver was OK, he
looked around and 20 Esposito’s
minivan positioned on the railroad tracks. And then he heard a terrible sound: the bells
signaling an oncoming 21 .
“The gates were starting to come down,” he told Newsday. “I see the headlight of the train.” DiPinto ran quickly to Esposito’s minivan and knocked on the driver’s side window.
She 22 looked at him, her eyes unfocused. “I don’t know where I am,” she said. She
e have to seemed unhurt. “Honey, you’re on the railroad 23 ,” DiPinto shouted. “W
,” DiPinto shouted. “We have to
get you off right now!” He pulled hard on the 24 , but the door was crashed in and
25 . The heavy diesel train, traveling at 65 miles per hour, was moving fast toward them.
DiPinto ran to the passenger side and threw open the 26 . “Please, don’t let her
be 27 ,” he thought. He pushed aside the deflating ( 瘪 了 的 ) airbags,
grabbed Esposito’s arms, and 28 her toward him across the passenger seat until he could help
her out and quickly get her to 29 behind a signal box a few feet away
away. . Within
six seconds, he estimated, the train crashed into the minivan. “It was like a Hollywood
movie,” DiPinto told reporters the next day.
But this one had a twist. “Last night,” South Country Ambulance chief Greg Miglino told CBS New York, “the 30 arrived in pajamas, not in a fire truck.
11. A. drove B. walked C. rode D. hiked
12. A. allowing B. forcing C. ordering D. reminding
13. A. sat B. stood C. hid D. waited
14. A. action B. noise C. impact D. bomb
15. A. class B. work C. dinner D. bed
16. A. doctor B. driver C. firefighter D. engineer
17 A. stopped B. troubled C. intended D. wanted 18. A. duty
B. time
C. target
D. schedule 19. A. warned
B. caught
C. hit
D. followed 20. A. observed
B. spotted
C. realized
D. predicted 21. A. train
B. truck
C. car
D. ambulance 22. A. yet
B. just
C. still
D. even 23. A. yards
B. stations
C. bridges
D. tracks 24. A. belt
B. key
C. bell
D. handle 25. A. unlocked
B. jammed
C. open
D. gone 26. A. bag B. door C. book D. box 27. A. scared
B. ignored
C. trapped
D. defeated 28. A. carried
B. rushed
C. guided
D. pulled 29. A. return
B. work
C. safety
D. life 30. A. police B. actor C. reporter D. hero
【答案】11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. C 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. B
21. A 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。

文章介绍了一个夜晚发生了事故，埃斯波西托的小货车被撞了，落在铁轨上，皮特•迪平托听到声音立刻出来现场进行救助，火车就要来临前的几秒钟，这个英雄顺利挽救了司机的生命的感人故事。

个英雄顺利挽救了司机的生命的感人故事。

【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。

句意：她几乎是自动驾驶的：左转到车站路，然后左转
到蒙托克高速公路，然后是嘭的一声！
A. drove 开车；
B. walked 走路；
C. rode 骑着；
D. hiked 远足，徒步旅行。

根据上文she jumped into her Honda Odyssey 可知她是开车的。

故选A 。

【12题详解】考查动词词义辨析。

句意：一辆不知道从哪儿冒出来的汽车撞毁了埃斯波西托的小货车，迫使她后退了大约100英尺，落在铁轨上。

A. allowing 允许；B. forcing 强迫；
C. ordering 命令，指示；
D. reminding 提醒。

根据to move backward some 100 feet 可知她是被迫后退的。

故选B 。

【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。

句意：她坐在一辆小型货车里，身上有瘀伤，但基本上是被冲击的影响和安全气囊搞得晕了过去。

A. sat 坐；B. stood 站立；C. hid 躲藏；D. waited 等待。

根据knocked out 可知她当时是坐着车里的。

故选A 。

【14题详解】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：她坐在一辆小型货车里，身上有瘀伤，但基本上是被冲击的影响和安全气囊搞得晕了过去。

A. action 行动；B. noise 噪音，响声；C. impact 影响，效果；D. bomb 炸弹。

根据the airbags 可知这是被撞击造成的影响。

故选C 。

【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：事情发生时，皮特·迪平托正准备睡觉。

A. class 班级；B. work 工作；C. dinner 晚餐；D. bed 床。

根据下文He’d just closed his book and was getting under the covers 可知此处他准备上床睡觉。

故选D 。

【16题详解】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：64岁的迪平托是一名志愿消防员和退休教师。

A. doctor 医生；B. driver 司机；C. firefighter 消防队员；D. engineer 工程师。

根据下文“Any firefighter would have done what I did,” he told N ewsday.可知他是一名志愿消防员。

故选C 。

【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。

句意：64岁的迪平托是一名志愿消防员和退休教师，他
没有停下来去思考发生了什么。

A. stopped 停下；
B. troubled 麻烦；
C. intended 打算；
D. wanted
想要。

根据下文He grabbed a flashlight and, still dressed in his pajamas (睡衣), ran out the door.这一系列动作可知他听到声音后没有停下来思考就出去了。

故选A 。

【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：“任何消防员都会做我做的事，”他告诉《新闻日报》。

“我们总是在坚守岗位。

”A. duty 责任；B. time 时间；C. target 目标；D. schedule 计划表。

on duty 值班，上班。

符合消防员的工作性质。

故选A 。

【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。

句意：他在离前院2000英尺的地方发现的第一辆车就是
撞到埃斯波西托的那辆。

A. warned 警告；B. caught 捕捉；C. hit 撞击，打击，袭击；
D. followed 跟着，听从。

根据上文Out of nowhere a car T-boned Esposito’s minivan 可知这是撞击了埃斯波西托的那辆车。

故选C 。

【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。

句意：当迪平托断定司机安然无恙时，他环顾四周，发现埃斯波西托的小货车停在了铁轨上。

A. observed 观察；B. spotted 发现；C. realized 实现，意识到；D. predicted 预测，预报。

根据他的动作concluded 和looked around 可知此处表示他发现了埃斯波西托的小货车停在了铁轨上。

故选B 。

【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：然后他听到一声可怕的声音：火车驶来的钟声。

A. train 火车；
B. truck 卡车；
C. car 小汽车；
D. ambulance 救护车。

根据下文“I see the headlight of the train.”可知此处表示听到火车驶来的钟声。

故选A 。

【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。

句意：她只是看着他，眼神不集中。

A. yet 还，但是，已经；B. just 仅仅，只是；C. still 仍然；D. even 甚至，即使。

根据her eyes unfocused 可知她当时不清醒，所以只能看着迪平托而没有其他反应。

故选B 。

【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：“亲爱的，你在铁轨上，”迪平托喊道。

A. yards 院子；B. stations 车站；C. bridges 桥；D. tracks 轨道。

轨道。

根据上文根据上文Esposito’s minivan positioned on the railroad tracks 可知此处表示在铁轨上。

railroad tracks 铁轨。

故选D 。

【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：他使劲拉着门把手，但门被撞进去了，卡住了。

A. belt 腰带，地带；
B. key 钥匙；
C. bell 铃，钟声；
D. handle 把手，柄。

根据but the door 可知他抓的是门把手。

故选D 。

【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：他使劲拉着门把手，但门被撞进去了，卡住了。

A. unlocked 打开的；
B. jammed 卡住的，卡住的，拥堵的；拥堵的；
C. open 公开的，公开的，敞开的，敞开的，敞开的，打开的；打开的；
D. gone 消失的。

根据but the door was crashed in 可知此处表示门被卡住了。

故选B 。

【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：迪平托跑副驾驶的位置，把门打开。

A. bag 书包，背包；B. door 门；C. book 书本；D. box 箱，盒子。

根据DiPinto ran to the passenger side 可知他跑到另一边去开门。

故选B 。

【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。

句意：“求求你，别让她被困住了，”他想。

A. scared 害怕；B. ignored 忽略，不理睬；C. trapped 困住；D. defeated 打败。

根据上文but the door was crashed in and jammed 可知此处表示困住之意。

故选C 。

【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。

句意：他推开泄气的安全气囊，抓住埃斯波西托的胳膊，把她从副驾驶座位上拉到自己身边，直到他能把她救出来，并迅速把她带到几英尺外一个信号箱后面的安全地带。

A. carried 携带；B. rushed 匆促，急忙；C. guided 导向；D. pulled 拉，牵引。

根据grabbed Esposito’s arms 可知他把埃斯波西托拉拽出来。

故选D 。

【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：他推开泄气的安全气囊，抓住埃斯波西托的胳膊，把她从乘客座位上拉到自己身边，直到他能把她救出来，并迅速把她带到几英尺外一个信号箱后面的安全地带。

A. return 返回，恢复；B. work 产品，工厂，文学，工作；C. safety 安全；D. life 生命，生活。

根据常识和behind a signal box a few feet away 可知此处表示安全地带。

故选C 。

【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：“昨天晚上，”南部地区救护车负责人Greg Miglino 告诉纽约哥伦比亚广播公司，“英雄是穿着睡衣来的，不是坐消防车来的。

”A. police警察；
B. actor演员；
C. reporter记者；
D. hero英雄。

根据arrived in pajamas可知此处指的是迪平托，他在危急时刻救了埃斯波西托，是一个英雄。

故选D。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
What it does
The self-cleaning door handle is combining with advanced photocatalytic ( 光 催 化 ) and blacklight technology. A light source activates the door’s handle coating, telling it to start
cleaning. It can minimize the risk of infection by contact and improve the cleanliness of a space. How it works
The working principle of the product is that a thin advanced photocatalytic coating can effectively decompose bacteria ( 细 菌 ) on the surface of a substance. A consistent UV light source—inside a transparent glass door handle—is required to activate the door’s handle coating
on the outer surface for disinfection, so a generator is used to provide electricity to light up a UV LED lamp by the motion of an opening and closing door. Then, the door handle can clean
by itself.
Design process
We made the first version by using stainless steel. However, it caused the door handle to be heavier. Then, we tried aluminum, which made it light and easy to fix. We also improved
the generator output which effectively turned energy from door movement into a light source. How it is different
Our innovative design is simple, effective, and attractive. It has an elegant smooth shape, and its minimalist appearance stands out in today’s world of inventions. Nowadays, people use chemical cleaning materials to clean up public areas but it harms the human body. Our design can be used for a long time and is effective. It can self-clean after each use. In the door
lock and door handle market, it is a unique design because there are no similar products. Future plans
In the future, we will commercialize the product and hope that it can compete on the market with similar products. We are going to connect with public properties, for example,
shopping malls, hotels, hospitals and public restrooms, where the risk of spreading infection is higher.
Awards
In addition to winning the James Dyson Award, it has also received the Gold Award, and in 2016, it was featured in the 44th International Geneva Inventions Exhibition.
31. How does the self -cleaning door handle function?
A. It controls the door movement It controls the door movement automatically.automatically.
B. It minimizes the risk of infection by less contact.
C. Chemical cleaning materials are used to clean it up.
D. The light source tells the door handle coating to clean itself.
32. Compared with the first version of the product, the present one is
.
A. safer and cheaper
B. cleaner and easier
C. less heavy and more effective
D. more attractive and expensive 33. What do we know about the new invention according to the passage?
A. It has been widely used in public areas.
B. It has received recognition for its innovation.
C. It is quite competitive among similar products.
D. It will replace traditional chemical cleaning materials.
【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了结合先进的光催化和黑光技术的自洁门把手。

这是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了结合先进的光催化和黑光技术的自洁门把手。

【31题详解】细节理解题。

解析：根据What it does 中A light source activates the door’s handle coating, telling it to start cleaning. 一个光源激活门把手涂层，一个光源激活门把手涂层，告诉它开始清洁。

告诉它开始清洁。

告诉它开始清洁。

可知，可知，可知，光源指光源指示门把手涂层自行清洁。

故选D 项。

项。

【32题详解】细节理解题。

解析：根据Design process 中We made the first version by using stainless steel. However, it caused the door handle to be heavier. Then, we tried aluminum, which made it light and easy to fix. We also improved the generator output which effectively turned energy from door movement into a light source. 我们用不锈钢做了第一个版本。

然而，它使门把手更重了。

然后，我们尝试了铝，这使它很轻，很容易修复。

我们还改进了发电机的输出，有效地将能量从门的运动转化为光源。

可知，与第一代相比，目前这代产品更轻也更有效。

故选C 项。

项。

【33题详解】推理判断题。

解析：根据How it is different 中In the door lock and door handle market, it is a unique design because there are no similar products. 在门锁和门把手市场，它是一个独特的设计，因为没有类似的产品。

以及Awards 中In addition to winning the James Dyson Award, it has also received the Gold Award, and in 2016, it was featured in the 44th International
Geneva Inventions Exhibition. 除了获得詹姆斯·戴森奖，它还获得了金奖，并在2016年参加了第44届日内瓦国际发明展。

由此判断出，这款产品的创新得到了认可。

故选B 项。

项。

B This little South American Magellanic penguin swims
5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be
reunited with the man who saved its life. It sounds like
something out of a fairy tale, but it’s true!
71-year -old retired brick worker Joao, who lives in an
island village just outside Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found the small Magellanic penguin lying on rocks at his local beach in 2011. The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast. Joao rescued the penguin, naming it Din, cleaned the oil off its feathers and fed him a daily diet of fish to rebuild its strength. After a week of recovery, Joao attempted to release the penguin back into the wild. However, Din had already formed a family bond with his rescuer and wouldn’t leave.
“He stayed with me for 11 months and then, just after he changed his coat with new feathers, he disappeared,” Joao recalls. “I love the penguin like it’s my own child and I believe the penguin loves me,” Joao told Globo TV the penguin loves me,” Joao told Globo TV. “No one else is allowed to touch him. He pecks . “No one else is allowed to touch him. He pecks (啄) them if they do. He lies on my lap, lets me give him showers, and allows me to feed him.”
Professor Krajewski, a biologist who interviewed the fisherman for Globo TV Professor Krajewski, a biologist who interviewed the fisherman for Globo TV, told , told The Independent : “I have never seen anything like this before. I think the penguin believes Joao is part of his family and probably a penguin as well.”
However, environmentalists warn that, while hundreds of the Magellanic species are known to naturally migrate (迁徙) thousands of miles north in search of food, there has been a worrying rise in the phenomenon of oceanic creatures washing up on Brazil’s beaches. Professor David Zee from Rio de Janeiro’s State University, said the increase is due in part to global climatic changes. Professor Zee added that sea animals face increased danger from leaked tanker oil.
Luckily the ending for Joao and Din has been a happy one, even though it is illegal in Brazil to keep wild animals as pets.
Professor Krajewski said: “Professionals who work with animals try to avoid relationships like this occurring so they are able to reintroduce the animal into the wild. But in
this single case the authorities allowed Din to stay with Joao because of his kindness.” 34. Every year Din swims a long distance to a beach in Brazil to
. A. avoid being killed
B. meet his rescuer
C. escape from ocean currents
D. find much more fish
35. When Din was found in 2011,
. A. he was dying
B. he was running on the beach
C. he was resting on a rock
D. he was cleaning oil off his feathers 36. What can we learn about Joao from the passage?
A. He is not allowed to keep the penguin as a pet by the authorities.
B. He overprotects the penguin by keeping him away from others.
C. His contact with the penguin is encouraged by professionals.
D. His kindness wins the penguin’s trust.
37. The story in the passage mainly shows
. A. the environmental impact on wildlife
B. the love between humans and wildlife
C. the tendency of wildlife to bond with humans
D. the protection of threatened wildlife by mankind
【答案】34. B 35. A 36. D 37. B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。

解析：报道了南美洲的小麦哲伦企鹅丁每年都要游5000英里到巴西的一个海滩和它的救命恩人团聚。

同时，专家也表示担忧气候和海洋漏油污染给海洋动物带来的危害。

动物带来的危害。

【34题详解】细节理解题。

根据第一段中This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life. 这只南美洲的小麦哲伦企鹅每年都要游5000英里，游到巴西的一个海滩，为了和救了它命的人团聚。

它命的人团聚。

可知，可知，可知，每年丁都要长途游泳到巴西的海滩是为了去见他的救命恩人。

每年丁都要长途游泳到巴西的海滩是为了去见他的救命恩人。

每年丁都要长途游泳到巴西的海滩是为了去见他的救命恩人。

故选故选B 项。

项。

【35题详解】细节理解题。

解析：根据第二段中The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast. Joao rescued the penguin, naming it Din, cleaned the oil off its feathers and fed him a daily diet of fish to rebuild its strength.这只企鹅浑身是油，很快就没命了。

若昂救了这只企鹅，给它取名为丁，清理掉它羽毛上的油污，每天喂它吃鱼来恢复体力。

可知，2011年当Din 被发现时，他已经奄奄一息了。

故选A 项。

项。

【36题详解】推理判断题。

解析：根据第三段中“I love the penguin like it’s my own child and I believe the penguin loves me,” Joao told Globo TV. “No one else is allowed to touch him. He pecks (啄) them if they do. He lies on my lap, lets me give him showers, and allows me to feed him.” “我爱这只企鹅就像爱自己的孩子一样，我相信这只企鹅也爱我，”若昂告诉环球电视台。

“他不许别人碰他。

如果他们这样做了，他就会啄他们。

他躺在我的腿上，让我给他洗澡，让我喂他。

”可知，若昂的善良赢得了这只企鹅的信任。

故选D 项。

项。

【37题详解】主旨大意题。

解析：根据全文尤其是第一段中This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life. 这只南美洲的小麦哲伦企鹅每年都要游5000英里，游到巴西的一个海滩，为了和救了它命的人团聚。

以及最后一段中But in this single case the authorities allowed Din to stay with Joao because of his kindness. 但在这件事上，由于乔的好意，当局允许丁和他呆在一起。

可知，本文主要是讲述了若昂和企鹅丁之间相处的故事，本文主要是讲述了若昂和企鹅丁之间相处的故事，体现了人类和体现了人类和野生动物之间的爱。

故选B 项。

项。

C
Store owners have been inventing new tricks to get consumers into their stores and purchasing their goods. Even as we find new strategies to resist, neuroscientists (神经科学家) are employed at marketing agencies across the country to best figure out what is going through a consumer’s brain at each point in the decision process.
We consumers overspend due to the fact that we have a fear of missing the really good deal or having to pay more for the same thing and lose money. Normally, the prefrontal cortex ( 前 额皮额皮
层 ) controls our emotional reactions to things, and keeps us from acting unreasonably by calming down our fears. But an advertiser can disturb our prefrontal cortex just by displaying flashy deal signs, encouraging it to do math on how much money we might save now by buying more of something we don’t actually need yet.
Nostalgia, that regretful affection for past events, is another strong influencer during the holiday season, and it’s shaped by emotion. Emotion—whether good or bad—enhances the formation of memories, engaging more parts of the brain. So hearing a nephew singing a carol, for instance, might reawaken memories associated with that particular song in a much more powerful way than hearing that same nephew sing another song. These kinds of memories are brought back even more easily by sensory input. This might be why we are often greeted by a sensory reminder everywhere we go in a month.
Wherever you purchase gifts, there are social influences on what you buy as well. The holidays are a time when we are especially conditioned to pay more for the label because we’re buying gifts. Receiving a brand -name gift sends the message that “this person has spent more on me, so he or she must value me more.” And it makes sense. If two things seem pretty much the
same, how do I know which to choose? Humans have survived as a social species, and we have to rely on each other. So when our brains are trying to make decisions, one of the
shortcuts is to assume that if a lot of other people prefer something (and higher cost is often a predictor of that), then there must be a reason.
Much of our holiday spending is driven by unplanned purchases. Plan ahead, resist the urge to purchase in the moment, make notes for comparison shopping, and if the deal is actually good, then it will hold up to inspection and you’ll feel good about your purchases later. Before you blow your budget this season, remember that your brain might be fooling you into that next purchase.
38. From Paragraph 2, we learn that
A. the prefrontal cortex is the calculation center
B. the common consumers always act unreasonably
C. the sight of flashy deal signs may fill consumers with fear
D. the advertisers make consumers pay more for the same thing
39. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following can work on consumers?
A. Creating a festival atmosphere.
B. Following the current fashion.
C. Preparing more free samples.
D. Offering a bigger discount.
40. Why do we buy brand -name gifts during the holiday?
A. They are more reliable.
B. They are a sign of social status.
C. They make people feel valued.
D. They are favored by most people. 41. To avoid overspending, the author suggests we
. A. buy in the moment
B. reduce our budget
C. return unnecessary products
D. make a plan in advance
【答案】38. C 39. A 40. C 41. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。

商店老板一直在发明新招数，这是一篇说明文。

商店老板一直在发明新招数，让消费者进入他们的商店，购买他让消费者进入他们的商店，购买他们的商品。

文章介绍了是哪些因素促使消费者消费。

们的商品。

文章介绍了是哪些因素促使消费者消费。

【38题详解】推理判断题。

解析：根据第二段中Normally, the prefrontal cortex ( 前额皮层 ) controls our emotional reactions to things, and keeps us from acting unreasonably by calming down our fears. But an advertiser can disturb our prefrontal cortex just by displaying flashy deal signs, encouraging it to do math on how much money we might save now by buying more of something we don’t actually need yet.正常情况下，前额叶皮层控制我们对事物的情绪反应，并通过平复我们的恐惧来阻止我们做出不合理的行为。

但是广告商可以通过展示华而不实的交易标志来干扰我们的前额叶皮层，鼓励它计算一下，如果我们现在多买一些我们实际上还不需要的东西，可以省下多少钱。

由此可推断华而不实的交易标志会干扰消费者的前额叶皮层，可能会让消费者充满恐惧。

故选C 项。

项。

【39题详解】推理判断题。

解析：根据第三段中Nostalgia, that regretful affection for past events, is another strong influencer during the holiday season, and it’s shaped by emotion. 怀旧，即对过去事件的遗憾情感，是假期期间另一个强大的影响因素，它是由情感塑造的。

由此判断出，营造节日气氛对消费者有作用。

故选A 项。

项。

【40题详解】细节理解题。

解析：根据第四段中The holidays are a time when we are especially conditioned to pay more for the label because we’re buying gifts. Receiving a brand -name gift se nds the message that “this person has spent more on me, so he or she must value me more.”节日期间，我们特别习惯于为品牌多花钱，我们特别习惯于为品牌多花钱，因为我们要买礼物。

因为我们要买礼物。

因为我们要买礼物。

收到一件名牌礼物会传递这样的收到一件名牌礼物会传递这样的信息：“这个人在我身上花了更多的钱，所以他或她一定更看重我。

”可知，我们要在节日期间买名牌礼物是因为名牌礼物会让人们感到自己被重视。

故选C 项。

项。

【41题详解】细节理解题。

解析：根据最后一段中Plan ahead, resist the urge to purchase in the moment, make notes for comparison shopping, and if the deal is actually good, then it will hold up to inspection and you’ll feel good about your purchases later. 提前计划，抵制一时的冲动，为比较购物做笔记，如果交易真的很好，那么它将经得起检验，你以后会对你买的东西感觉很好。

可知，为了避免超支，作者建议我们提前制定计划。

故选D 项。

项。

D
The Impossible Burger is entirely free of meat. But it looks, smells, feels and—most importantly—tastes so much like real hamburger beef. In fact, plant -based burger alternatives have set off a strong resistance from the beef industry. The Center for Consumer Freedom, a nonprofit that advocates on behalf of the fast food and meat industries has launched an “informational” campaign targeting plant -based meats. The campaign has included TV and online ads, as well as print ads in newspapers. The ads seem to imply that not only is an artificial burger too processed, but that it might be even less healthy than the average beef burger. While it’s true that a plant -based meat alternative is processed and it’s true that eating one
is
not as healthy as a pile of raw vegetables, it’s best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt.
For instance, the additives and preservatives in plant -based meat highlighted in one ad sure sound scary. Who wants something called titanium dioxide (二氧化钛) in their meal? But the truth is that additives such as those listed in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packaged foods. And if methylcellulose, a food thickener, sounds unpleasant, it’s really nothing compared with salmonella (沙门菌) poisoning you can get from regular meat.
Also, the ad campaign misses the bigger point. Choosing an Impossible or Beyond burger isn’t just about eating healthy. Burgers, whether they are made from processed pea protein or processed meat, will never be as healthy as organic raw vegetables.
What’s appealing is the prospect of enjoying a juicy burger without the bitter aftertaste。