英文科技论文写作第四课致谢和参考文献
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➢to make incidental comments on, to amplify(详述), or to qualify textual discussion.
Ways to mark
➢Arabic numeral typed slightly above the line (superscript上标).
I. THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD APRIL is the cruelest month, breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing … With a shower of rain; we stopped in the colonnade, And went on in sunlight, into the Hofgarten, And drank coffee, and talked for an hour.
Example:
NOTES
➢Not only the title, but the plan and a good deal of the incidental symbolism of the poem were suggested by Miss Jessie L. Weston's book on the Grail legend: From Ritual to Romance (Macmillan). Indeed, so deeply am I indebted, Miss Weston's book will elucidate the difficulties of the poem much better than my notes can do; … To another work of anthropology I am indebted in general, one which has influenced our generation profoundly; I mean The Golden Bough; I have used especially the two volumes Adonis, Attis, Osiris. …
(Suzuki 1990, 3:45)
ibid.
ibid: ➢Latin abbreviation, short for ibidem, meaning
“in the same place” for consecutive notes to the same work(同一作品连续的标注) ➢Function: avoid unnecessary repetition
Tarot pack of cards, from which I have obviously departed to suit my own convenience. The Hanged Man, a member of the traditional pack, fits my purpose in two ways: because he is associated in my mind with the Hanged God of Frazer, and because I associate him with the hooded figure in the passage of the disciples to Emmaus in Part V. …
Basic Rules for Notes
Footnotes
Functions: ➢refer the reader to another work or page
for further information; ➢give information on how facts presented
in the text. ➢ convey supplementary data
Acknowledgements Notes, and References
Notes
General Knowledge
Function of Content Notes :
➢To provide a place for material that the writer deems worthwhile without interrupting the flow of thought of the text.
Examples:
➢1. Weiss, Leon, ed., Cell and Tissue Biology (Baltimore, Md.: Urban and Schwarzenberg, 1988), p. 1144. 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid., 1062 Note: Reference 2 is to the same page number. Reference 3 is to another page number of the same work.
参考文献与注释的区别
➢参考文献是作者写作论著时所参考的文献 书目，一般集中列表于文末；
➢注释是对论著正文中某一特定内容的进一 步解释或补充说明，一般排在该页页脚。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
➢[1] French-speaking Canadians were identified by their request for or return to the French version of the questionnaire. Further identification and response rates were confirmed through follow-up telephone contacts with non-residents.
Example:
➢ the United States, by contrast, approximately 49% of psychologists name either teaching or research as their principal activity, compared with only 31% for service functions. Table 15 shows the numbers and proportions of Englishand French-speaking [1] Canadians and of American and other foreign respondents in each of the principal work functions. It is estimated that 13%-14% of Canadian psychologists are French-speaking. [2]
➢ I. THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD
➢ Line 20 Cf. Ezekiel 2:7. ➢ 23. Cf. Ecclesiastes 12:5. ➢ 31. V. Tristan und Isolde, i, verses 5–8. ➢ 42. Ibid. iii, verse 24. ➢ 46. I am not familiar with the exact constitution of the
In-text notes (author-date system)
➢Used in the running text or at the end of a block quotation
➢consist of : the author's last name the publication date of the work, (both enclosed in parentheses). e.g. (Wiebe 1993) (Fleming and Levie 1993)
➢no punctuation separating the elements of the note,
➢Exception: there is a reference to a specific page, volume or other division of the work.
e.g. (Wiebe 1993, 27)
Uses：
➢Number your notes consecutively (连续 的) throughout the article or chapter
➢present the notes in a list at the end of the article or chapter.
The Waste Land
e.g.
*The "commission" referred to is the Canada Labour Relations Board (Ed.).
➢Use special symbols or letters to indicate notes within the body of mathematical, statistical and other scientific documents, and particularly with tables and graphs, as illustrated below, since superscript numerals could be confused with mathematical index( 指数).
➢Note numbers must follow one another in numerical order, beginning with 1.
➢Numbering starts over at the beginning of each chapter.
➢In papers that are not divided into chapters, the numbers will run continuously throughout.
[2] But see discussion by Dr. Belanger on p. 127.
Endnotes
➢Used when: notes are numerous and lengthy and include extensive comments by the author.
➢Function: facilitate word-processing and crossreferencing and enhance the appearance of the text.
➢Never elevate note numbers a full space. ➢The note should follow the passage it
refers to. If the passage is an exact quotation, the note number comes at the end of it
Attentions
➢Number your footnotes page by page or chapter by chapter, and thereby avoid the possibility of triple-digit references.
➢Occasionally two distinct series of footnotes are required: an author’s notes and a translator’s or editor‘s notes. Use asterisks （星号） and a different typeface（字体） for the translator's or editor's notes which should be marked with appropriated abbreviations (trans, or Ed.):
Ways to mark
➢Arabic numeral typed slightly above the line (superscript上标).
I. THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD APRIL is the cruelest month, breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing … With a shower of rain; we stopped in the colonnade, And went on in sunlight, into the Hofgarten, And drank coffee, and talked for an hour.
Example:
NOTES
➢Not only the title, but the plan and a good deal of the incidental symbolism of the poem were suggested by Miss Jessie L. Weston's book on the Grail legend: From Ritual to Romance (Macmillan). Indeed, so deeply am I indebted, Miss Weston's book will elucidate the difficulties of the poem much better than my notes can do; … To another work of anthropology I am indebted in general, one which has influenced our generation profoundly; I mean The Golden Bough; I have used especially the two volumes Adonis, Attis, Osiris. …
(Suzuki 1990, 3:45)
ibid.
ibid: ➢Latin abbreviation, short for ibidem, meaning
“in the same place” for consecutive notes to the same work(同一作品连续的标注) ➢Function: avoid unnecessary repetition
Tarot pack of cards, from which I have obviously departed to suit my own convenience. The Hanged Man, a member of the traditional pack, fits my purpose in two ways: because he is associated in my mind with the Hanged God of Frazer, and because I associate him with the hooded figure in the passage of the disciples to Emmaus in Part V. …
Basic Rules for Notes
Footnotes
Functions: ➢refer the reader to another work or page
for further information; ➢give information on how facts presented
in the text. ➢ convey supplementary data
Acknowledgements Notes, and References
Notes
General Knowledge
Function of Content Notes :
➢To provide a place for material that the writer deems worthwhile without interrupting the flow of thought of the text.
Examples:
➢1. Weiss, Leon, ed., Cell and Tissue Biology (Baltimore, Md.: Urban and Schwarzenberg, 1988), p. 1144. 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid., 1062 Note: Reference 2 is to the same page number. Reference 3 is to another page number of the same work.
参考文献与注释的区别
➢参考文献是作者写作论著时所参考的文献 书目，一般集中列表于文末；
➢注释是对论著正文中某一特定内容的进一 步解释或补充说明，一般排在该页页脚。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
➢[1] French-speaking Canadians were identified by their request for or return to the French version of the questionnaire. Further identification and response rates were confirmed through follow-up telephone contacts with non-residents.
Example:
➢ the United States, by contrast, approximately 49% of psychologists name either teaching or research as their principal activity, compared with only 31% for service functions. Table 15 shows the numbers and proportions of Englishand French-speaking [1] Canadians and of American and other foreign respondents in each of the principal work functions. It is estimated that 13%-14% of Canadian psychologists are French-speaking. [2]
➢ I. THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD
➢ Line 20 Cf. Ezekiel 2:7. ➢ 23. Cf. Ecclesiastes 12:5. ➢ 31. V. Tristan und Isolde, i, verses 5–8. ➢ 42. Ibid. iii, verse 24. ➢ 46. I am not familiar with the exact constitution of the
In-text notes (author-date system)
➢Used in the running text or at the end of a block quotation
➢consist of : the author's last name the publication date of the work, (both enclosed in parentheses). e.g. (Wiebe 1993) (Fleming and Levie 1993)
➢no punctuation separating the elements of the note,
➢Exception: there is a reference to a specific page, volume or other division of the work.
e.g. (Wiebe 1993, 27)
Uses：
➢Number your notes consecutively (连续 的) throughout the article or chapter
➢present the notes in a list at the end of the article or chapter.
The Waste Land
e.g.
*The "commission" referred to is the Canada Labour Relations Board (Ed.).
➢Use special symbols or letters to indicate notes within the body of mathematical, statistical and other scientific documents, and particularly with tables and graphs, as illustrated below, since superscript numerals could be confused with mathematical index( 指数).
➢Note numbers must follow one another in numerical order, beginning with 1.
➢Numbering starts over at the beginning of each chapter.
➢In papers that are not divided into chapters, the numbers will run continuously throughout.
[2] But see discussion by Dr. Belanger on p. 127.
Endnotes
➢Used when: notes are numerous and lengthy and include extensive comments by the author.
➢Function: facilitate word-processing and crossreferencing and enhance the appearance of the text.
➢Never elevate note numbers a full space. ➢The note should follow the passage it
refers to. If the passage is an exact quotation, the note number comes at the end of it
Attentions
➢Number your footnotes page by page or chapter by chapter, and thereby avoid the possibility of triple-digit references.
➢Occasionally two distinct series of footnotes are required: an author’s notes and a translator’s or editor‘s notes. Use asterisks （星号） and a different typeface（字体） for the translator's or editor's notes which should be marked with appropriated abbreviations (trans, or Ed.):