09级跨文化交际04

Dimensions of stereotypes
Direction Intensity Accuracy Content
Prejudice
Attitudes towards a group of people bห้องสมุดไป่ตู้sed on erroneous beliefs or preconceptions. A learned tendency by which we respond to a given group of people or event in a consistent and negative way.
Summary
It is a process by which an individual selects, evaluates, and organizes stimuli from the external world Culture provides us with a perceptual lens that greatly influences how we interpret and evaluate what we receive from the outside world. Perceptions are based on beliefs, values, and attitude systems.
Sensory organs sense the environments Sensations are routed to the brains (through the nervous system) In the brain they are interpreted and accorded meaning in a two-stage sequence: 1. Recognition or identification (the biological stage) 2. Interpretation and evaluation ( The result of this process is not the same for all people, because this process is learned, and influenced by culture) Samovar 1995 perception – 感知、感觉；理解
Intercultural Communication
梁正宇
zhengyul@ 232 1159
4. Cultural perception and values I
The nature of perception Cultural influence on perception Stereotypes Prejudice
1. The nature of perception
What do you think of the following food? pig ears, chicken feet, fish innards, dog meat, snake meat, …
What is perception?
How do you perceive the following colours? Black Blue Green Pink Red White Yellow …
Cultural influence on perception
Human perceptions are conditioned by culture: 1. provides the foundation for the meanings; 2. directs us to word specific kinds of messages and events. Human perceptions are often partial and inaccurate. The partiality of the perception is the origin of misunderstanding in interaction.
Question for reflection
What are the impacts of stereotypes and prejudice in intercultural communication?
Thank you for attending my lecture
Three steps of the selective perception selective exposure selective attention selective retention
Stages of the perception process
Categorization The social and physical events or objects shape, colour, texture, size, and intensity. Two characteristics of human perception at categorization: 1. Give human perception structure 2. Shows that human perception is stable.
How to solve the problems of stereotypes and prejudice
Empathy as the main communication skills. Showing understanding by projecting us into our partner’s position. To be open-minded. To be imaginative in drawing the picture of other’s situation. To show a commitment or strong willingness to understand others.
The origins of stereotypes and prejudice
Through the process of leaning and socialization. Learning from parents, friends, schools, churches, mass media, personal experience, and many others.
Stereotypes and prejudice’s effects on communication
Stereotypes and prejudice are based on belief and attitude system, so they affect the way we communicate. E.g. preventing us from interacting with people of different backgrounds; producing negative feelings; leading to conflicts; …
Stereotype
What do you think about ________? 1. Americans 2. Steven (American) 3. Koreans 4. Woo (Korean) 5. Japanese 6. Lisan (Japanese)
Stereotype
Overgeneralized and oversimplified beliefs for the categorization of a group of people (Allport, 1958). E.g. 1. We may categorize people or things by the most obvious characteristics they possesses. 2. We may apply a set of characteristics to a whole group of people. 3. We may give the same treatment to each member of the group. 以偏概全，以点带面
Stages of the perception process
(Chen & Starosta, 1998) Selection (of the stimuli) Categorization Interpretation
Stages of the perception process
Forms of prejudice
Verbal abuse (Chinks, Japs, Negroes, Yankees. …) Physical avoidance (avoid making friends, going out, studying, or working with certain people) Discrimination (in employment, residential housing, political rights, educational and recreational opportunities. Physical attack Massacre (Brislin, 1981; Klopf, 1995)
Stages of the perception process
Interpretation Making sense of the stimuli patterns, e.g. Dog Dove Owl fish
Cultural influence on perception