中国国家概况 哲学思想简介 英文版 PPT
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and Ritual
Saying: It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.
Confucius & Confucianism
Confucianism developed from what was later called the Hundred Schools of Thought （诸子百 家）from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius (551–479 BCE), who considered himself a retransmitter of the values of the Zhou dynasty golden age of several centuries before.
Chinese Philosophy
Confucianism
壹 Confucius & Confucianism 贰 Ancient development 叁 Characters of Confucianism 肆 Impact on Japan 伍 Impact & Spreading
One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi .He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu.
Ancient development of Confucianism
The Confucianism was founded in the spring and autumn period
During the warring states period, all schools of thoughts contend for attention and developed.
In Qin dynasty, legalists implementation, burying Confucianism and Confucian disappeared .
The Han dynasty, rejecting the other schools of thought and respect Confucianism and Confucianism appeared.
Up the end of the Qing dynasty, the Confucianism waned again.
The Golden Mean（中庸）：way of wisdom of the Confucian school. The so called “mean” by Confucius does not mean compromise(妥协，和解)，but a “moderate”（适度） and “just right”（恰如其分） way when understanding and handling objective things.
Confucianism Main thought: people-oriented thoughts
（人本） Saying: The people are the most
important element in a state; next are the gods of land and grain; least is the ruler himself.（民为贵,社稷次之,君为轻）
冰，水为之，而寒于水。（劝学）
Impact on Japan
Confucianism is not confined to (局限于) China. Neighboring countries such as Japan, also embrace(信奉) Confucianism in its national life and culture. When Confucianism entered Japan, it did not get attention except for the dissemination(传播) among some upper class and noblemen. Until the period of Prince Shotoku(圣德太子), Confucianism is widely spread. So far, Confucianism comes into the comprehensive development period in Japan.
With the recession of Han and the rise of Buddhism and Taoism ,the Confucianism waned(衰退).
In Tang dynasty, the Confucianism rose again.
In Song dynasty and Ming dynasty ,the Confucianism was brilliant.
Saying: There is never an end to learning. The dye extracted from indigo is bluer than the plant; so
学不可以已。青取之于蓝，而青于蓝； is the ice colder than the water.
Confucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical
system developed from the teachings of the Chinese
philosopher Confucius (Kǒng Fūzǐ, or K'ung-fu-tzu, lit.
Three cardinal guides (三纲)
a king should rule over his subjects; a father, his son; a husband, his wife.
君为臣纲， 父为子纲， 夫为妻纲。
The five constant virtues(五常)
Impact on Present China
It is deep-rooted in people’s way of thinking, behavior norms and the development of the system of China’s various policy formulation (政策制定) and perfection(政策 完善) also has its specific historical and cultural background, including the contemporary China's social nature.
"Master Kong", 551–478 BC). Confucianism originated as an “ethicalsociopolitical teaching” during the Spring and Autumn Period, but later developed metaphysical(形而上学) and cosmological(宇宙学).
Xuncius
A famous representative of Confucianism in the last Warring State. （inherited the Confucian thought of li礼 ）
Main thoughts: Human beings are born evil but they are perfectible though education（强调人后天 的教化和学习）
Confucius Institute(孔子学院)
Confucius Institute is a public educational organization affiliated with（隶属于） the Ministry of Education(教育 部) of China, whose aim is to promote Chinese language and culture, support local Chinese teaching internationally, and facilitate cultural exchanges. Confucius Institute are committed to(致力于)the global Chinese language education and to the exchange of languages across cultures between China and other countries.
Negative aspects
(1)Emphasize on individual subject groups, depresses(压抑) the person’s personalities, ignores character, grand unified thought.（大 统一思想） (2) Morality and responsibility standard suppress（抑制） people's creativity.
The core of Confucianism is humanism, the belief that human beings are teachable, improvable and perfectible through personal and communal endeavour especially including self-cultivation(修身) and self-creation.
Positive aspects
(1)Attach great importance to the education, and create the teaching methods such as according to their aptitude(因材施教), pay attention to individual differences in the teaching, heuristic teaching.(启发式教学) (2)Pay attention to ethics(伦理), moral codes(道德准则), righteousness(正义), typical of humanism, people-oriented(以 人为本).
Benevolence （仁） 义） the trunk
Propriety （礼）
the branches
Wisdom （智）
the flower
Fidelity （信）
the fruit
Mencius
Given name: Ke（孟轲） Courtesy name: Ziyu（子舆） One of the main representatives of
Impact on Japan
The development of modern Japanese politics, economy and social culture is all influenced by Confucian thoughts；even the concept of humanism in the contemporary Japanese society is permeated through by Confucian ethics , and in certain degree, it forms the Japanese way of thinking and action.
Confucius
Given name: Qiu Courtesy name: Zhongni State: Lu Born in 551 B.C Died in 479 B.C Founder of the Confucian
school and Confuciansm Symbol of Chinese culture Main thought: Humanity
Saying: It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.
Confucius & Confucianism
Confucianism developed from what was later called the Hundred Schools of Thought （诸子百 家）from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius (551–479 BCE), who considered himself a retransmitter of the values of the Zhou dynasty golden age of several centuries before.
Chinese Philosophy
Confucianism
壹 Confucius & Confucianism 贰 Ancient development 叁 Characters of Confucianism 肆 Impact on Japan 伍 Impact & Spreading
One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi .He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu.
Ancient development of Confucianism
The Confucianism was founded in the spring and autumn period
During the warring states period, all schools of thoughts contend for attention and developed.
In Qin dynasty, legalists implementation, burying Confucianism and Confucian disappeared .
The Han dynasty, rejecting the other schools of thought and respect Confucianism and Confucianism appeared.
Up the end of the Qing dynasty, the Confucianism waned again.
The Golden Mean（中庸）：way of wisdom of the Confucian school. The so called “mean” by Confucius does not mean compromise(妥协，和解)，but a “moderate”（适度） and “just right”（恰如其分） way when understanding and handling objective things.
Confucianism Main thought: people-oriented thoughts
（人本） Saying: The people are the most
important element in a state; next are the gods of land and grain; least is the ruler himself.（民为贵,社稷次之,君为轻）
冰，水为之，而寒于水。（劝学）
Impact on Japan
Confucianism is not confined to (局限于) China. Neighboring countries such as Japan, also embrace(信奉) Confucianism in its national life and culture. When Confucianism entered Japan, it did not get attention except for the dissemination(传播) among some upper class and noblemen. Until the period of Prince Shotoku(圣德太子), Confucianism is widely spread. So far, Confucianism comes into the comprehensive development period in Japan.
With the recession of Han and the rise of Buddhism and Taoism ,the Confucianism waned(衰退).
In Tang dynasty, the Confucianism rose again.
In Song dynasty and Ming dynasty ,the Confucianism was brilliant.
Saying: There is never an end to learning. The dye extracted from indigo is bluer than the plant; so
学不可以已。青取之于蓝，而青于蓝； is the ice colder than the water.
Confucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical
system developed from the teachings of the Chinese
philosopher Confucius (Kǒng Fūzǐ, or K'ung-fu-tzu, lit.
Three cardinal guides (三纲)
a king should rule over his subjects; a father, his son; a husband, his wife.
君为臣纲， 父为子纲， 夫为妻纲。
The five constant virtues(五常)
Impact on Present China
It is deep-rooted in people’s way of thinking, behavior norms and the development of the system of China’s various policy formulation (政策制定) and perfection(政策 完善) also has its specific historical and cultural background, including the contemporary China's social nature.
"Master Kong", 551–478 BC). Confucianism originated as an “ethicalsociopolitical teaching” during the Spring and Autumn Period, but later developed metaphysical(形而上学) and cosmological(宇宙学).
Xuncius
A famous representative of Confucianism in the last Warring State. （inherited the Confucian thought of li礼 ）
Main thoughts: Human beings are born evil but they are perfectible though education（强调人后天 的教化和学习）
Confucius Institute(孔子学院)
Confucius Institute is a public educational organization affiliated with（隶属于） the Ministry of Education(教育 部) of China, whose aim is to promote Chinese language and culture, support local Chinese teaching internationally, and facilitate cultural exchanges. Confucius Institute are committed to(致力于)the global Chinese language education and to the exchange of languages across cultures between China and other countries.
Negative aspects
(1)Emphasize on individual subject groups, depresses(压抑) the person’s personalities, ignores character, grand unified thought.（大 统一思想） (2) Morality and responsibility standard suppress（抑制） people's creativity.
The core of Confucianism is humanism, the belief that human beings are teachable, improvable and perfectible through personal and communal endeavour especially including self-cultivation(修身) and self-creation.
Positive aspects
(1)Attach great importance to the education, and create the teaching methods such as according to their aptitude(因材施教), pay attention to individual differences in the teaching, heuristic teaching.(启发式教学) (2)Pay attention to ethics(伦理), moral codes(道德准则), righteousness(正义), typical of humanism, people-oriented(以 人为本).
Benevolence （仁） 义） the trunk
Propriety （礼）
the branches
Wisdom （智）
the flower
Fidelity （信）
the fruit
Mencius
Given name: Ke（孟轲） Courtesy name: Ziyu（子舆） One of the main representatives of
Impact on Japan
The development of modern Japanese politics, economy and social culture is all influenced by Confucian thoughts；even the concept of humanism in the contemporary Japanese society is permeated through by Confucian ethics , and in certain degree, it forms the Japanese way of thinking and action.
Confucius
Given name: Qiu Courtesy name: Zhongni State: Lu Born in 551 B.C Died in 479 B.C Founder of the Confucian
school and Confuciansm Symbol of Chinese culture Main thought: Humanity